深圳市学龄前儿童不同免疫接种方式对白喉抗体水平的影响

彭远舟; 哈永婷; 李文豪; 黄芳; 谢旭; 程锦泉; 吴宇; 张艳炜

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.022

深圳市学龄前儿童不同免疫接种方式对白喉抗体水平的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.022

彭远舟^{1, 2},
哈永婷¹,
李文豪^{2, 3},
黄芳¹,
谢旭¹,
程锦泉¹,
吴宇¹,
张艳炜^1, ,

1.
广东省深圳市疾病预防与控制中心环境健康与学校卫生所，518033
2.
暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院
3.
深圳市第二人民医院预防保健科

详细信息

作者简介:
彭远舟(1997-)，男，湖北荆州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为流行病与卫生统计

通讯作者:
张艳炜，E-mail: xyzhang97@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R725.1 R186
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-02
- 修回日期: 2023-01-03
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-25

Effect of different immunization schedules on diphtheria antibody level among preschool children in Shenzhen

PENG Yuanzhou^{1, 2},
HA Yongting¹,
LI Wenhao^{2, 3},
HUANG Fang¹,
XIE Xu¹,
CHENG Jinquan¹,
WU Yu¹,
ZHANG Yanwei^{1
, ,}

1.
Environmental Health and School Health Institute, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen(518033), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的评价深圳市学龄前儿童白喉免疫状况及影响因素，为有效监测学龄前儿童白喉IgG抗体水平提供参考。方法采用随机抽样的方法，采集深圳市296名4~6岁学龄前儿童血清样本，使用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清中白喉抗体滴度，分析疫苗种类、接种时间等不同免疫状态对白喉IgG抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)、抗体阳性率的影响。结果深圳市学龄前儿童的白喉IgG抗体GMC为0.71 IU/mL，阳转率为33.1%；不同年龄儿童白喉抗体GMC、抗体阳转率差异均有统计学意义(F/χ²值分别为11.77，27.45，P值均 < 0.01)；不同免疫完成度、疫苗种类、末剂接种时间间隔儿童白喉抗体GMC差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为49.53，12.95，11.61，P值均 < 0.01)；不同免疫完成度、疫苗种类、末剂接种时间间隔儿童白喉抗体阳转率差异均有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法，P值均 < 0.01)。结论深圳市学龄前儿童总体白喉抗体阳转率较高，及时完成白喉疫苗的全程免疫或接种多联疫苗可提高抗体水平，对学龄前儿童能起到较好的保护作用。
- 接种 /
- 白喉 /
- 抗体 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the immunity and influencing factors of diphtheria among preschool children in Shenzhen, to provide reference for effective monitoring of diphtheria IgG antibody level in preschool children. Methods Serum samples were collected from 296 preschool children aged 4-6 who were recruited in Shenzhen. The diphtheria antibody titer in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of different immumuzation schedule including types of vaccine and vaccination timing, on the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of diphtheria IgG antibody and antibody positive rate were analyzed. Results The GMC of diphtheria IgG antibody was 0.71 IU/mL, and the positive conversion rate was 33.1%. There were significant differences in antibody GMC and antibody positive conversion rate of diphtheria in different age groups(F/χ²=11.77, 27.45, P < 0.01). The GMC and antibody positive conversion rate showed significant differences by diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types and end dose vaccination intervals(F=49.53, 12.95, 11.61, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibodies in children with different types of diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types of diphtheria antibodies, and diphtheria antibodies at the time interval of final vaccination (Fisher exact probability method, P < 0.01). Conclusion The overall positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibody in preschool children in Shenzhen is high. Timely completion of full diphtheria vaccination can improve the antibody level and plays a better role in protecting preschool children.
- Vaccination /
- Diphtheria /
- Antibodies /
- Child, preschool
注释:

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表 1 不同免疫接种方式儿童白喉抗体阳转率比较

Table 1. Comparison of immune status of diphtheria vaccine in children with different immunization methods

免疫接种方式	人数	阳性例数	P值
免疫完成度
全程免疫	38	31(81.6)	< 0.01
基础免疫	243	64(26.3)
部分免疫	15	3(20.0)
疫苗种类
三联	218	50(22.9)	< 0.01
四联	10	6(60.0)
五联	15	8(53.3)
末次接种后的时间间隔/月
<24	12	8(66.7)	< 0.01
24~<36	78	22(28.2)
36~48	111	24(21.6)
>48	42	10(23.8)
注： ()内数字为阳转率/%，组间比较均为确切概率法。

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表 2 深圳市学龄前儿童白喉抗体阳转的单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析(n=296)

Table 2. Single and multivariate factor Logistic regression analysis of antibody positive conversion of preschool children in Shenzhen(n=296)

自变量	选项	单因素					多因素
自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Z值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	β值	标准误	Z值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女	-0.32	0.24	-1.31	0.18	0.72(0.44~1.17)	-0.60	0.29	-2.08	0.04	0.55(0.31~0.96)
年龄/岁	5	-0.35	0.30	-1.16	0.25	0.70(0.39~1.27)	-0.23	0.32	-0.72	0.47	0.80(0.43~1.48)
	6	1.14	0.32	3.56	< 0.01	3.12(1.68~5.90)	-0.07	0.50	-0.13	0.90	0.94(0.33~2.43)
疫苗种类	四联	1.62	0.67	2.44	0.02	5.06(1.39~20.44)	1.61	0.68	2.38	0.02	5.01(1.35~20.73)
	五联	0.88	0.44	1.98	0.05	2.41(0.99~5.72)	1.21	0.53	2.31	0.02	3.37(1.20~9.69)
	白破	2.57	0.43	6.01	< 0.01	13.07(5.91~32.17)	1.70	1.54	1.11	0.27	5.45(0.19~170.32)
免疫完成度	基础免疫	0.36	0.66	0.55	0.58	1.44(0.44~6.46)	1.28	0.80	1.61	0.11	3.61(0.85~20.46)
	全程免疫	2.74	0.76	3.62	< 0.01	15.50(3.90~81.37)	2.30	1.55	1.48	0.14	9.92(0.33~316.76)

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