社会支持及心理复原力与大学生创伤后应激障碍的关联

任春华; 陈效飞; 潘日余

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.020

社会支持及心理复原力与大学生创伤后应激障碍的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.020

安庆师范大学教师教育学院，安徽 246011

基金项目:

安徽省人文社会科学重点项目 SK2020A0295

安徽省科研重点项目 2022AH051025

安庆师范大学研究项目 2020aqnujyxm39

详细信息

作者简介:
任春华(1980-)，女，安徽安庆人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为心理健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-13
- 修回日期: 2022-12-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-25

Relationship between social support and psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder in college students

School of Teacher Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing(246011), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解大学生创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD)的发生特点，探讨心理复原力在社会支持与创伤后应激障碍间的作用。方法采用直接抽选法选取安徽、上海两地高校572名大学生, 采用一般特征调查表、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版(the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version，PCL-C)、心理韧性量表(Psychological Resilience Scale，PRS)、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale，SSRS)进行问卷调查。结果 25.0%的大学生有一定程度PTSD症状，11.7%有较明显PTSD症状，PTSD的阳性检出率为36.7%。大学生有较明显PTSD的检出率男生高于女生，大三学生高于其他3个年级，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.31，16.81，P值均＜0.05)。大学生社会支持得分为(33.79±4.83) 分，心理复原力得分为(92.17±13.39)分，PTSD得分为(35.50±11.39)分，各变量两两之间相关性均有统计学意义(r=-0.49~0.76，P值均 < 0.05)；中介效应检验结果发现，社会支持既可以直接负向预测PTSD(直接效应为-0.35)，又可以通过心理复原力间接影响PTSD(间接效应为-0.32)。结论大学生存在一定程度或者严重程度PTSD症状的比例较高，心理复原力在社会支持和大学生的PTSD间起中介作用，即社会支持既能直接负向预测PTSD，又可以通过提升个体的心理复原力间接影响PTSD。
- 社会支持 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 应激障碍，创伤后 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, and to explore the mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and PTSD. Methods By using direct selection method, 572 college students in Anhui and Shanghai were selected and administered with General Characteristics Questionnaire, the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C), Psychological Resilience Scale(PRS) and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS). Results Among the participants, 25.0% had moderate PTSD symptoms, 11.7% had obvious PTSD symptoms, and the positive rate of PTSD was 36.7%. The prevalence of PTSD in college students was higher in males than in females (χ²=4.31, P < 0.05). The junior students were higher than other students (χ²=16.81, P < 0.01). The scores of social support, psychological resilience and PTSD were (33.79±4.83), (92.17±13.39) and (35.50±11.39), respectively. The correlations of all variables were statistically significant(r=-0.49-0.76, P < 0.05); The mediation test showed that social support could not only negatively predict PTSD directly(direct effect was -0.35), but also indirectly affect PTSD through psychological resilience(indirect effect was -0.32). Conclusion More than one third of college students have PTSD symptoms, and psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and PTSD, social support can both directly and negatively predict PTSD and indirectly affect PTSD by increasing an individual's psychological resilience.
- Social support /
- Mental health /
- Stress disorders, post-traumatic /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征大学生PTSD检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of PTSD detection and differences among college students with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	有一定程度	较明显	χ²值	P值
性别	男	134	39(29.1)	25(18.7)	11.76	＜0.01
	女	438	104(23.7)	42(9.6)
专业	文史	370	91(24.6)	35(9.5)	5.78	0.06
	地理	202	52(25.7)	32(15.8)
生源地	城镇	268	69(25.7)	32(11.9)	0.21	0.90
	农村	304	74(24.3)	35(11.5)
是否独生子女	是	195	47(24.1)	32(16.4)	6.34	0.04
	否	377	96(25.5)	35(9.3)
学生干部	是	174	41(23.6)	21(12.1)	0.28	0.87
	否	398	102(25.6)	46(11.6)
年级	一	231	50(21.6)	17(7.4)	19.41	0.01
	二	175	46(26.3)	22(12.6)
	三	66	24(36.4)	13(19.7)
	四	100	23(23.0)	15(15.0)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 大学生社会支持、心理复原力和PTSD的相关分析(r值，n=572)

Table 2. Correlation analysis of social support, psychological resilience and PTSD among college students(r, n=572)

变量	社会支持	心理复原力	目标专注	人际协助	家庭支持	情绪控制	积极认知
心理复原力	0.52
目标专注	0.33	0.60
人际协助	0.48	0.76	0.24
家庭支持	0.39	0.74	0.35	0.44
情绪控制	0.26	0.65	0.12	0.46	0.23
积极认知	0.30	0.70	0.59	0.31	0.55	0.25
PTSD	-0.29	-0.47	-0.12	-0.38	-0.30	-0.49	-0.27
注： P值均 < 0.01。

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表 3 大学生心理复原力各维度在社会支持与PTSD之间的中介效应(n=572)

Table 3. Mediating effects of psychological resilience dimensions on social support and PTSD in college students(n=572)

路径	效应值(95%CI)
社会支持→目标专注→创伤后应激障碍	0.05(-0.01~0.15)
社会支持→家庭支持→创伤后应激障碍	-0.01(-0.06~0.05)
社会支持→人际协助→创伤后应激障碍	-0.08(-0.15~0.01)
社会支持→情绪控制→创伤后应激障碍	-0.13(-0.20~-0.07)
社会支持→积极认知→创伤后应激障碍	-0.19(-0.30~-0.08)

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