Physical fitness evaluation results among students in Yunnan Province in 2019
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摘要:
目的 分析云南省6~22岁学生体质健康标准评价结果，为制定学生体质健康干预措施和提高体质健康水平提供参考依据。 方法 从2019年云南省学生体质与健康调研数据库中选取调研学生的民族、性别、年级、身体形态、肺活量、运动素质等信息，根据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》计算体质健康评价综合得分和不同等级学生分布，采用t检验、单因素方差分析、χ2检验等比较不同民族、性别、学段学生体质健康达标情况及不同类别学生各项目得分情况。 结果 云南省7个民族学生体质健康评价综合得分为(70.02±9.69)分，平均及格率为88.91%，不同评价等级学生比例分别为优秀0.93%、良好17.90%、及格70.09%、不及格11.09%，各项目得分从高到低依次为体质量指数(94.99分)、50 m跑(74.13分)、坐位体前屈(72.63分)、耐力跑(70.43分)、立定跳远(67.77分)、仰卧起坐(65.71分)、1 min跳绳(65.25分)、肺活量(62.97分)、引体向上(29.04分)，综合得分情况、合格率及评价等级构成的民族和学段间的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为293.53，452.85；χ2/χ趋势2值分别为466.65，412.57；1 553.22，1 045.36，P值均 < 0.01)。 结论 云南省学生体质健康标准评价优良率较低。需根据不同民族、不同学段学生的体质状况特点给予针对性的指导和训练。 Abstract:Objective To analyze physical fitness of students aged 6-22 years old from seven ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, and to provide reference for physical fitness intervention measures. Methods The nationality, gender, grade, body shape, vital capacity, exercise quality of students were derived from the 2019 Yunnan Student Physical Health Survey Database. Comprehensive physical fitness score was calculated according to the National Student Physical Fitness Standards(revised in 2014). t-test, ANOVA, and χ2 test were used to analyze physical fitness score and level among students with different ethnic groups, gender, and school stages. Results The average comprehensive score of physical fitness among students from 7 ethnic groups in Yunnan Province was (70.02±9.69), with the pass rate being 88.91%. The proportion of excellent was 0.93%, good was 17.90%, pass 70.09%, and failed was 11.09%. Physical fitness score was highest in BMI (94.99 points), followed by 50-meter running (74.13 points), sitting forward bend (72.63 points), endurance running (70.43 points), standing long jump (67.77 points), sit-ups (65.71 points), 1 minute skipping rope (65.25 points), vital capacity (62.97 points), pull-up (29.04 points). Physical fitness score and pass rate and evaluation level varied significantly by ethnicity and school stage(F=293.53, 452.85, χ2/χtrend2=466.65, 412.57;1 553.22, 1 045.36, P < 0.01). Conclusion The excellent rate of physical fitness among students in Yunnan Province is relatively low. Physical fitness promotion requires specific guidance and training based on ethnicity and school stage. -
Key words:
- Body constitution /
- Reference standards /
- Eligibility determination /
- Students /
- Minority groups
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 云南省不同组别学生体质健康综合评分比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of comprehensive scores of physical health among students in different groups from Yunnan Province(x±s)
组别 选项 人数 综合得分 t/F值 P值 民族 汉族 10 296 71.51±9.96 293.53 < 0.01 白族 2 947 71.26±9.45 哈尼族 2 855 71.94±9.01 傣族 2 879 69.38±9.80 傈僳族 2 954 74.41±9.30 佤族 2 983 77.52±7.39 纳西族 2 859 69.14±9.21 性别 男 13 836 71.40±10.17 10.70 < 0.01 女 13 937 72.64±9.15 学段 小学 13 234 73.36±8.88 452.85 < 0.01 初中 5 847 72.00±10.55 高中 7 071 71.26±9.31 大学 1 621 64.42±10.51 
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表 2 云南省不同组别学生体质健康等级分布比较
Table 2. Comparison of the distribution of physical health levels among students in different groups from Yunnan Province
组别 选项 人数 优秀 良好 及格 不及格 χ2值 P值 民族 汉族 10 296 90(0.87) 1 742(16.92) 7 169(69.63) 1 295(12.58) 1 553.22 < 0.01 白族 2 947 17(0.58) 407(13.81) 2 210(74.99) 313(10.62) 哈尼族 2 855 12(0.42) 427(14.96) 2 103(73.66) 313(10.96) 傣族 2 879 7(0.24) 315(10.94) 2 089(72.56) 468(16.26) 傈僳族 2 954 36(1.22) 732(24.78) 1 986(67.23) 200(6.77) 佤族 2 983 93(3.12) 1 071(35.90) 1 764(59.14) 55(1.84) 纳西族 2 859 3(0.10) 276(9.65) 2 144(74.99) 436(15.25) 性别 男 13 836 166(1.20) 2 436(17.61) 9 448(68.29) 1 786(12.91) 118.02 < 0.01 女 13 937 92(0.66) 2 534(18.18) 10 017(71.87) 1 294(9.28) 学段 小学 13 234 123(0.93) 2 632(19.89) 9 418(71.17) 1 061(8.02) 1 045.36 < 0.01 初中 5 847 74(1.27) 1 209(20.68) 3 814(65.23) 750(12.83) 高中 7 071 60(0.85) 1 067(15.09) 5 181(73.27) 763(10.79) 大学 1 621 1(0.06) 62(3.82) 1 052(64.90) 506(31.22) 合计 27 773 258(0.93) 4 970(17.89) 19 465(70.09) 3 080(11.09) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 3 云南省各民族不同学段学生体质健康测试得分比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of the scores of physical health among students in different classes from Yunnan Province(x±s)
民族 学段 统计值 BMI 肺活量 50 m跑 坐位体前屈 立定跳远 仰卧起坐 引体向上 耐力跑 1 min跳绳 汉族 小学 93.94±11.54 70.19±15.11 72.06±17.65 68.87±18.65 70.16±17.16 70.08±15.26 70.58±17.08 初中 94.04±11.93 66.98±18.34 76.61±15.08 74.25±17.34 69.38±18.47 65.81±17.52 22.96±19.95 69.66±24.97 高中 94.40±11.39 64.76±19.44 75.51±15.96 74.90±13.61 66.89±19.20 62.65±19.52 17.33±25.36 70.22±17.28 大学 94.36±10.57 63.04±20.26 63.40±20.27 67.71±19.00 63.57±18.14 59.88±20.54 17.87±26.52 55.43±21.91 F值 1.11 89.07 206.86 104.09 39.81 38.13 1 857.03 224.69 P值 0.35 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 白族 小学 93.13±11.65 62.16±17.13 71.43±18.71 64.23±20.34 69.77±16.28 70.02±17.13 66.31±21.04 初中 94.90±11.07 60.39±19.81 76.62±15.69 77.04±11.94 71.79±17.35 66.30±16.66 24.17±20.78 78.37±15.59 高中 94.90±11.08 53.75±24.42 79.38±13.19 73.99±11.24 66.26±17.41 55.01±21.13 11.67±19.58 73.79±14.41 F/t值 8.83 43.77 59.46 167.97 5.84 50.90 1 285.41 42.84 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 哈尼族 小学 97.35±7.61 66.08±13.93 72.84±17.64 74.65±11.06 65.32±18.53 74.94±10.00 58.00±23.01 初中 96.57±8.92 60.86±16.91 74.06±15.00 76.88±12.53 63.27±18.63 62.72±18.13 38.75±24.19 63.90±26.83 高中 96.76±8.88 62.07±18.52 72.18±17.36 80.91±13.06 68.24±14.74 59.59±18.26 43.25±23.57 68.72±18.49 F/t值 2.52 30.99 2.46 63.82 -5.69 2.69 -279.03 40.24 P值 0.08 < 0.01 0.09 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.07 < 0.01 < 0.01 傣族 小学 95.15±9.62 60.21±18.85 77.58±17.58 68.73±12.61 70.84±13.65 77.12±10.10 58.32±23.01 初中 96.33±8.96 39.52±27.65 76.72±10.58 72.21±12.39 75.76±13.05 62.99±16.05 30.07±24.40 60.72±37.06 高中 94.81±10.42 41.65±27.14 72.79±14.45 70.16±15.64 76.89±13.56 59.08±18.35 34.26±26.53 65.89±16.59 F/t值 5.21 244.64 26.03 15.68 -1.66 22.22 -448.27 36.41 P值 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.10 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 傈僳族 小学 97.31±8.26 69.93±14.31 73.31±16.85 74.75±10.48 73.88±13.84 77.27±12.24 67.05±18.13 初中 96.33±8.96 39.52±27.65 76.72±10.58 72.21±12.39 66.86±20.97 64.29±23.51 35.56±22.69 78.71±22.98 高中 95.55±10.27 51.67±25.10 74.30±13.09 78.64±12.35 68.41±15.44 65.29±15.76 22.50±23.62 80.53±12.43 F/t值 11.69 255.87 9.65 67.58 -1.59 15.91 861.62 5.14 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.11 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 佤族 小学 96.89±8.86 72.75±11.57 82.63±13.90 75.46±11.29 70.45±16.80 81.62±10.51 67.93±18.68 初中 95.36±10.40 60.80±18.82 82.17±13.34 76.27±11.66 66.43±15.92 62.86±16.78 63.87±20.84 85.69±11.53 高中 94.67±10.90 57.89±20.75 80.14±13.36 78.59±12.16 66.09±17.00 65.85±15.00 67.58±22.16 81.37±10.47 F/t值 15.36 265.34 9.39 20.01 0.39 3.71 -35.43 32.55 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.70 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.01 纳西族 小学 94.75±10.78 57.05±22.35 71.27±18.33 72.03±10.82 60.94±21.00 69.30±15.64 56.17±24.07 初中 93.95±11.92 64.30±19.78 73.59±17.65 71.97±11.10 63.89±18.93 57.05±18.89 30.31±17.89 65.35±22.69 高中 94.67±10.90 57.89±20.75 80.14±13.36 78.59±12.16 67.77±17.66 55.39±19.76 22.33±23.71 66.25±16.26 F值 3.18 32.62 14.87 5.07 4.01 0.85 579.46 6.20 P值 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.01 0.43 < 0.01 < 0.01 注：少数民族无大学生样本。
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表 4 云南省不同学段学生体质健康测试加分率
Table 4. Additional points rate of physical health among students in different classes from Yunnan Province
学段 1 min跳绳 仰卧起坐/引体向上 耐力跑 人数 加分人数 人数 加分人数 人数 加分人数 小学 13 234 325(2.46) 初中 5 847 30(0.51) 5 847 295(5.05) 高中 7 071 72(1.02) 7 071 206(2.91) 大学 1 621 6(0.37) 1 621 1(0.06) 合计 13 234 325(2.46) 14 539 108(0.74) 18 516 502(2.71) 注： ()内数字为加分率/%。
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