江西省农村初中生健康素养对新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行的影响

张诚; 邓莉芳; 王乃博; 许乐为; 吴磊; 万德芝; 刘勇

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.013

江西省农村初中生健康素养对新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.013

1.
南昌大学公共卫生学院/江西省预防医学重点实验室，江西 330006
2.
江西省爱国卫生与健康宣传促进中心监测与评估科

基金项目:

江西省健康教育与促进中心科研专项 2018120020

江西省大学生创新创业训练项目 2021CX029

江西省大健康产业发展现状及创新需求研究 20192BAA208005

详细信息

作者简介:
张诚(1997-)，男，江西九江人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为健康教育

通讯作者:
刘勇，E-mail：13007231568@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G627.8 R179 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-27
- 修回日期: 2022-12-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-25

Influence of health literacy of rural junior middle school students on knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 protection in Jiangxi Province

1.
School of Public Health, Nanchang University/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang(330006), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解江西省农村地区初中生健康素养对新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行的影响，为提升初中生应对突发公共卫生事件的能力提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法，对江西省农村地区的4 311名七至八年级学生健康素养及新冠肺炎疫情防护知识水平和行为进行调查；运用χ²检验和Logistic回归分析初中生健康素养与新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行之间的关联。结果农村地区初中生健康素养高水平比例为18.21%(785名)，中水平为56.92%(2 454名)，低水平为24.87%(1 072名)。农村地区初中生新冠肺炎疫情防护知识知晓率较低(63.49%)，防护态度积极率为74.25%，良好防护行为具备率为85.36%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，高水平健康素养者新冠肺炎疫情防护知识知晓率(OR=4.85，95%CI=3.80~6.18)、防护态度积极率(OR=44.07，95%CI=24.57~79.05)、防护行为具备率(OR=25.99，95%CI=19.67~34.35)均高于低水平健康素养者(P值均 < 0.01)。结论江西省农村地区初中生健康素养与新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行之间存在正向关联，为提升初中生应对突发公共卫生事件的能力提供了方向。
- 健康教育 /
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 健康知识, 态度, 实践 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To understand the influence of junior middle school students' health literacy on knowledge, belief and behavior of COVID-19 in rural areas of Jiangxi Province, and to enhance junior middle school students' ability to deal with public health emergencies. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to investigate the health literacy, knowledge level and behavior of COVID-19 protection of 4 311 grade 7 to grade 8 students in rural areas of Jiangxi Province; Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between junior high school students' health literacy and COVID-19 protection knowledge, belief and behavior. Results The rate of health literacy of junior middle school students in rural areas was 18.21%(n=785), the reported rate of intermediate level was high (n=2 454, 56.92%), and the reported rate of junior high school students at a low level of health literacy was 24.87%(n=1 072). The rate of junior middle school students in rural areas with good COVID-19 protection knowledge was 63.49%, the rate of positive protection attitude was 74.25%, and the rate of good protection behavior was 85.36%; Rate of COVID-19 protection knowledge (OR=4.85, 95%CI=3.80-6.18) and positive rate of protection attitude of high-level health literacy (OR=44.07, 95%CI=24.57-79.05), protective behavior possession rate (OR=25.99, 95%CI=19.67-34.35) were higher than those with low level of health literacy(P < 0.01). Conclusion Health literacy is associated with COVID-19 protection knowledge, belief and behavior in rural junior high school students of Jiangxi Province, the findings provide direction for junior middle school students to improve their ability to deal with public health emergencies.
- Health education /
- Coronavirus /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Rural population
注释:

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表 1 初中生新冠肺炎疫情防护知信行正答率(n=4 311)

Table 1. Positive response rate of junior high school students' COVID-19 protection knowledge, attitudes, practice(n=4 311)

防护知信行	条目	正答人数
防护基本知识	医学观察天数	3 797(88.08)
	新冠肺炎的易感人群	2 462(57.11)
	只要接触过新冠肺炎患者就一定会感染新冠肺炎病毒	2 463(57.13)
	新冠肺炎病人治愈后就不会再感染新冠肺炎病毒	3 380(78.40)
	新冠肺炎传染源	1 039(24.10)
	新冠肺炎的临床表现	2 765(64.14)
	新冠肺炎的传播途径	781(18.12)
防护行为知识	戴口罩频率	3 188(73.95)
	咳嗽和打喷嚏的注意事项	2 498(57.94)
	戴多层口罩防病毒效果更好	2 944(68.29)
	饮用高浓度白酒可以预防新型冠状病毒感染	3 379(78.38)
	目前已有治疗新冠肺炎的特效药物	2 442(56.65)
	一次性使用医用口罩的佩戴方法	3 262(75.67)
	哪些情况需要洗手	3 402(78.91)
	正确洗手的方法	3 337(77.41)
防护态度	如何看待新增本土病例与聚集性疫情	2 433(56.44)
	新冠肺炎疫情发生后是否出现焦虑	2 899(67.25)
	新冠肺炎疫情的关注程度	3 698(85.78)
防护行为	预防新冠肺炎的正确措施	3 111(72.16)
	个人采取的防护措施	3 631(84.20)
	集体就餐做法	3 381(78.43)
	成为密切接触者后的正确做法	3 167(73.46)
注：()内数字为正答率/%。

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表 2 初中生新冠肺炎疫情知信行的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice of junior high school students on the COVID-19

变量	选项	人数	统计值	知晓防护知识	防护态度积极	防护行为正确
性别	男	2 298		1 461(63.58)	1 735(75.50)	1 978(86.07)
	女	2 013		1 276(63.39)	1 466(72.83)	1 702(84.55)
			χ²值	0.02	4.01	2.00
			P值	0.90	0.05	0.16
年级	七年级	2 339		1 434(61.31)	1 712(73.19)	1 954(83.54)
	八年级	1 972		1 303(66.07)	1 489(75.51)	1 726(87.53)
			χ²值	10.49	3.00	13.60
			P值	< 0.01	0.08	< 0.01
自评学习成绩	前10名	981		631(64.32)	720(73.39)	825(84.1)
	中等偏上	998		638(63.93)	745(74.65)	861(86.27)
	中等	1 101		671(60.94)	815(74.02)	934(84.83)
	中等偏下	838		526(62.77)	622(74.22)	713(85.08)
	后10名	393		271(68.96)	299(76.08)	347(88.30)
			χ²值	8.71	1.18	4.92
			P值	0.07	0.88	0.30
独生子女	是	435		275(63.22)	330(75.86)	368(84.60)
	否	3 876		2 462(63.52)	2 871(74.07)	3 312(85.45)
			χ²值	0.02	0.66	0.23
			P值	0.90	0.42	0.63
居住状况	与父母住	1 826		1 180(64.62)	1 339(73.33)	1 570(85.98)
	与父亲/母亲住	1 238		781(63.09)	942(76.09)	1 057(85.38)
	和其他亲戚住	1 247		776(62.23)	920(73.78)	1 053(84.44)
			χ²值	1.95	3.15	1.40
			P值	0.38	0.21	0.50
自评健康状况	好	2 810		1 794(63.84)	2 088(74.31)	2 398(85.34)
	一般	1 385		873(63.03)	1 024(73.94)	1 192(86.06)
	不好	116		70(60.34)	89(76.72)	90(77.59)
			χ²值	0.77	0.45	6.16
			P值	0.68	0.80	0.05
健康素养等级	低水平	1 072		286(26.68)	627(58.49)	634(59.14)
	中水平	2 454		1 738(70.82)	1 888(76.94)	2 273(92.62)
	高水平	785		713(90.83)	686(87.39)	773(98.47)
			χ²值	870.95	210.67	641.95
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计		4 311		2 737(63.49)	3 201(74.25)	3 680(85.36)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 初中生新冠肺炎疫情防护与健康素养水平关联的Logistic回归分析(n=4 311)

Table 3. Analysis of the association between COVID-19 protection and health literacy level of junior middle school students(n=4 311)

因变量	健康素养	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
防护知识^a	低水平					1.00
	中水平	0.86	0.08	118.64	< 0.01	2.35(2.02~2.74)
	高水平	1.58	0.13	160.47	< 0.01	4.85(3.80~6.18)
防护态度^b	低水平					1.00
	中水平	2.15	0.10	465.02	< 0.01	8.60(7.07~10.46)
	高水平	3.79	0.30	161.29	< 0.01	44.07(24.57~79.05)
防护行为^a	低水平					1.00
	中水平	1.88	0.08	517.13	< 0.01	6.56(5.58~7.72)
	高水平	3.26	0.14	524.58	< 0.01	25.99(19.67~34.35)
注：a调整年级因素；b调整性别、年级因素。

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