体验式健康教育对大学生2型糖尿病前期人群饮食控制的影响

郭小燕; 田晨; 张锋; 张静; 李娜; 谢冰; 路翔翎

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.012

体验式健康教育对大学生2型糖尿病前期人群饮食控制的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.012

长治医学院护理学系，山西 046000

基金项目:

山西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目 20220856

详细信息

作者简介:
郭小燕(1976-)，女，山西岚县人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为护理教育和社区护理

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G479 R587.1 G478.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-26
- 修回日期: 2023-01-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-25

Effect of experiential health education on diet control of college students with type 2 pre-diabetes mellitus

Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi(046000), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解体验式健康教育对大学生2型糖尿病前期人群饮食控制的影响，为促进大学生养成良好的饮食习惯提供参考。方法按照随机数字表法，将2020年9月—2021年6月从长治医学院筛查出的78例2型糖尿病前期大学生分为观察组和对照组(各39名)。对照组给予为期10个月的常规健康教育，每周1次，每次1 h；观察组在上述基础上进行体验式健康教育，每周1次，每次1 h，内容包括饮食体验、运动体验、血糖检测体验和慢性并发症体验等。比较两组大学生的血糖、血脂、体质量指数(BMI)水平以及饮食控制情况、饮食控制行为改变阶段分布等。结果观察组在干预后10个月的饮食控制行为改变阶段与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.92，P < 0.05)。观察组在干预后10个月的饮食治疗依从性评分、饮食控制知识得分均高于同期对照组，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.74，11.51，P值均 < 0.05)。观察组在干预后不同时间点的部分血糖、血脂指标以及BMI水平低于同期对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。结论体验式健康教育能够加深大学生2型糖尿病前期人群对糖尿病的认知，促使其主动改变自我管理行为，养成良好的饮食控制习惯，从而达到有效控制血糖的目的。
- 健康教育 /
- 糖尿病前期 /
- 食欲调节 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the influence of experiential health education on diet control of college students with pre-diabetes mellitus, and to provide reference for healthy eating habits promotion among college students. Methods According to the method of random number table, 78 pre-diabetic college students screened from Changzhi Medical College from September 2020 to June 2021 were randomly assigned to observation group and control group (39 students in each group). The control group received routine health education for 10 months, once a week for 1 hour each time; On the basis of the above, the observation group received experiential health education once a week for 1 hour, including diet experience, exercise experience, blood sugar test experience and chronic complications experience. Blood glucose and lipids level, body mass index (BMI), dietary control as well as the stages of change for dietary control behavior were compared between the two groups. Results There was significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the stages of change for dietary control behavior 10 months after intervention (χ²=8.92, P < 0.05). The compliance score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group in the same period 10 months after the intervention (t=3.74, P < 0.01), the score of the knowledge of diet control in the observation group 10 months after intervention was significantly higher than that in the control group (t=11.51, P < 0.05). The levels of BMI, TG and TC in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 5 and 10 months after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Experiential health education helps to promote awareness of diabete-related knowledge, enhance self-management behavior and good diet control habits, and is effective for blood glucose control.
- Health education /
- Prediabetic state /
- Appetite regulation /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
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表 1 干预前后两组大学生的饮食控制行为改变阶段分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of dietary control behavior change stages between the two groups of college students before and after the intervention

干预前后	组别	人数	前意向阶段	意向阶段	准备阶段	行动阶段	维持阶段	χ²值	P值
干预前	观察组	39	4(10.26)	13(33.33)	17(43.59)	3(7.69)	2(5.13)	1.37	0.71
	对照组	39	3(7.69)	15(38.46)	13(33.33)	5(12.82)	3(7.69)
干预后10个月	观察组	39	0	4(10.26)	16(41.03)	14(35.90)	5(12.82)	12.21	0.01
	对照组	39	1(2.56)	16(41.03)	13(33.33)	6(15.38)	3(7.69)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 干预前后两组大学生的饮食治疗依从性程度比较

Table 2. Obedience score and compliance degree of dietary therapy of two groups of college students before and after intervention

干预前后	组别	人数	优秀	良好	一般	较差	χ²值	P值
干预前	观察组	39	1(2.56)	23(58.97)	13(33.33)	2(5.13)	1.13	0.77
	对照组	39	2(5.13)	21(53.85)	12(30.77)	4(10.26)
干预后10个月	观察组	39	22(56.41)	14(35.90)	3(7.69)	0	8.83	0.03
	对照组	39	10(25.64)	20(51.28)	8(20.51)	1(2.56)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 干预前后两组大学生的饮食控制掌握程度比较

Table 3. Scores and mastery of dietary control knowledge of two groups of college students before and after intervention

干预前后	组别	人数	优秀	良好	一般	较差	χ²值	P值
干预前	观察组	39	3(7.69)	12(30.77)	18(46.15)	6(15.38)	0.30	0.96
	对照组	39	4(10.26)	13(33.33)	17(43.59)	5(12.82)
干预后10个月	观察组	39	26(66.67)	9(23.08)	4(10.26)	0	9.69	0.02
	对照组	39	13(33.33)	14(35.90)	11(28.21)	1(2.56)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 4 干预前后两组大学生的BMI及血脂血糖相关指标水平比较(x±s)

Table 4. Comparison of BMI and blood lipid related indexes between two groups of college students before and after intervention(x±s)

干预时间	组别	人数	统计值	BMI/ (kg·m^-2)	TG/ (mmol·L^-1)	TC/ (mmol·L^-1)	FPG/ (mmol·L^-1)	2 h PG/ (mmol·L^-1)	HbAlc/%
干预前	观察组	39		22.96±1.23	2.24±0.24	6.78±0.72	6.67±0.49	8.68±0.73	6.38±0.47^*
	对照组	39		23.09±1.17	2.21±0.25	6.83±0.76	6.59±0.51	8.73±0.76	6.32±0.51^*
			t值	-0.48	0.54	-0.30	0.70	-0.30	0.54
			P值	0.63	0.59	0.77	0.48	0.77	0.59
干预后1个月	观察组	39		22.37±1.11^*	1.92±0.19^*	6.37±0.57^*	6.14±0.32^*	8.21±0.57^*	6.05±0.41^*
	对照组	39		22.58±1.03^*	1.95±0.21^*	6.42±0.61^*	6.36±0.43^*	8.26±0.68^*	6.09±0.43^*
			t值	-0.87	-0.66	-0.37	-2.56	-0.35	-0.42
			P值	0.39	0.51	0.71	0.01	0.73	0.68
干预后5个月	观察组	39		21.91±1.06^*	1.61±0.14^*	5.53±0.41^*	6.01±0.25^*	7.71±0.43^*	5.97±0.34
	对照组	39		22.53±1.19^*	1.82±0.17^*	5.85±0.53^*	6.27±0.32^*	8.12±0.51^*	6.01±0.31
			t值	-2.43	-5.96	-2.98	-4.00	-3.84	-0.54
			P值	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.59
干预后10个月	观察组	39		21.03±0.76^*	1.47±0.11^*	4.88±0.35^*	5.85±0.17^*	7.37±0.56^*	5.65±0.25^*
	对照组	39		21.47±0.98^*	1.71±0.16^*	5.26±0.39^*	6.14±0.24^*	7.76±0.63^*	5.92±0.29^*
			t值	-2.22	-7.72	-9.30	-6.16	-2.89	-4.40
			P值	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01
注：*与干预前比较，P < 0.05。

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