Children parents' attitude and demand towards family-based child sexual abuse prevention education
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摘要:
目的 了解泸州市幼儿家长对预防性侵家庭教育的态度和需求现况，为开展防性侵家庭教育提供理论依据。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法对4 420名泸州市幼儿家长进行防性侵教育态度和需求调查，采用多重线性回归模型对教育态度的影响因素进行分析。 结果 家长对幼儿防性侵教育的态度整体较为积极，平均分为(16.70±3.67)分。多因素分析结果显示，幼儿因素方面，独生子女家长态度更积极(β=0.30)；社会因素方面，参与过相关活动(β=1.28)、与亲友交流过相关内容(β=0.81)、住在城区(β=0.49)家长的态度更积极；家长因素方面，家庭年均收入大于10万元(β=0.39)、被调查人是幼儿母亲(β=0.88)、家长防性侵教育知识了解程度高(β=0.98)、幼儿母亲的职业是教师或医护人员(β=0.52)、幼儿母亲的文化水平在高中/中专(β=1.03)和大专/本科及以上(β=1.42)家长的态度更积极(P值均 < 0.01)。需求分析结果显示，家长对幼儿“自我保护”方面的需求最高，达96.86%。 结论 泸州市幼儿家长对预防性侵家庭教育的态度整体较为积极、需求普遍较高，应加大对非独生子女、农村和乡镇地区、文化水平较低家长的知识培训和宣传，提升家庭防性侵教育知识素养，预防幼儿性侵。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the attitudes and demands of parents of children in Luzhou towards family-based child sexual abuse prevention education. Methods A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of children in Luzhou City who were selected from stratified cluster sampling. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze parents' attitudes. Results Parents' attitude towards prevention of sexual assault education was positive (average score 16.70±3.67). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that parents of only child (β=0.30), parents who participated in related activities (β=1.28), communicated with relatives and friends (β=0.81), and lived in urban areas (β=0.49) had more positive attitudes. In terms of parental factors, average annual family income higher than 100 000 yuan (β=0.39), mothers of young children (β=0.88), and parents with a high level of knowledge about sexual assault prevention education (β=0.98), the mother being a teacher or a medical staff (β=0.52), and educational background of the mother being high school/secondary school (β=1.03), college/undergraduate or above (β=1.42) were associated with more positive attitudes(P < 0.01). The results of demand analysis showed that parents had high demand for child's self-protection (96.86%). Conclusion Parents of young children in Luzhou City show generally positive attitude and high demand towards family-based sexual abuse prevention. Knowledge training and publicity regarding child sexual abuse should be improved for children who had siblings, from rural and township areas, and whose parents with low educational background. -
Key words:
- Sex offenses /
- Health education /
- Attitude /
- Regression analysis /
- Legal guardians /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 家长对幼儿性侵教育的态度分布(n=4 420)
Table 1. Parents' attitudes toward sexual abuse prevention education for young children(n=4 420)
条目 非常不同意 不同意 不确定 同意 非常同意 训练防性侵的技能 125(2.83) 54(1.22) 111(2.51) 2 343(53.01) 1 787(40.43) 隐私部位知识传授 106(2.40) 51(1.15) 94(2.13) 2 687(60.79) 1 482(33.53) 有必要开展防性侵教育 138(3.12) 350(7.92) 517(11.70) 2 280(51.58) 1 135(25.68) 讲述生命诞生 169(3.82) 621(14.05) 572(12.94) 2 181(49.34) 877(19.84) 告诉生殖器官名称 178(4.03) 533(12.06) 689(15.59) 2 239(50.66) 781(17.67) 防性侵教育增加性好奇 237(5.36) 1 061(24.00) 1 738(39.32) 1 198(27.10) 186(4.21) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。 
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表 2 家长对预防幼儿性侵教育态度的单因素分析(x±s)
Table 2. Univariate analysis of parents' attitudes toward sexual abuse prevention education for young children(x±s)
变量 分组 人数 态度分数 t/F值 P值 变量 分组 人数 态度分数 t/F值 P值 区县 纳溪 1 598 16.74±3.53 14.93 < 0.01 孩子主要照顾者 父母 1 832 16.53±3.66 27.81 < 0.01 龙马潭 1 197 17.12±3.84 隔代家庭 967 16.18±3.77 合江 1 625 16.36±3.64 大家庭 1 621 17.21±3.54 学校属地 农村 1 567 16.18±3.49 -7.07 < 0.01 幼儿年级* 小班 844 16.57±3.60 0.81 0.44 城市 2 853 16.99±3.73 中班 1 246 16.55±3.55 学校性质 私立 2 166 16.82±3.60 2.08 0.04 大班 1 856 16.70±3.66 公立 2 254 16.59±3.73 孩子性别 男 2 303 16.74±3.60 0.72 0.47 问卷填写人 父亲 819 15.74±3.74 37.78 < 0.01 女 2 117 16.66±3.73 母亲 3 504 16.94±3.61 家庭居住地 农村 1 213 15.72±3.56 91.12 < 0.01 其他 97 16.05±3.55 乡镇 1 005 16.36±3.47 父亲文化程度* 小学及以下 220 15.26±3.67 80.23 < 0.01 城市 2 202 17.40±3.67 初中 1 400 15.83±3.43 家庭年收入/万元 ＜5 1 779 15.93±3.46 79.01 < 0.01 高中/中专 1 237 16.64±3.42 5~10 1 149 16.85±3.52 大专及以上 1 511 17.71±3.78 ＞10 1 492 17.51±3.83 母亲文化程度* 小学及以下 208 14.44±3.40 124.57 < 0.01 独生子女 否 3 048 16.50±3.63 -5.57 < 0.01 初中 1 321 15.59±3.34 是 1 372 17.16±3.71 高中/中专 1 143 16.77±3.12 留守儿童 否 3 109 16.86±3.71 4.54 < 0.01 大专及以上 1 702 17.76±3.90 是 1 311 16.32±3.53 母亲职业 农民/工人 988 15.51±3.57 92.89 < 0.01 和老师沟通过 否 3 799 16.63±3.64 -3.30 < 0.01 教师/医护 598 17.95±4.15 相关内容 是 621 17.15±3.81 其他 2 834 16.85±3.47 家人开展过性教育 否 3 359 16.33±3.60 -12.09 < 0.01 父亲职业* 农民/工人 1 599 16.01±3.59 48.13 < 0.01 是 1 061 17.87±3.64 教师/医护 225 17.65±4.49 参与过相关活动 否 3 886 16.61±3.66 -4.26 < 0.01 其他 2 593 17.05±3.57 是 534 17.33±3.69 父母婚姻状况 未婚 44 16.27±2.92 2.70 0.07 和亲友交流过 否 2 471 15.93±3.49 -16.22 < 0.01 已婚(原配) 3 917 16.75±3.68 性教育 是 1 949 17.68±3.65 其他 459 16.35±3.59 性侵害教育知识 低 565 15.27±3.56 51.65 < 0.01 家长性别 男 824 15.74±3.73 -8.39 < 0.01 得分 中 3 050 16.86±3.67 女 3 596 16.92±3.62 高 805 17.10±3.49 注：*表示此变量存在缺失值。
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表 3 家长对预防幼儿性侵教育态度多重线性回归分析(n=4 420)
Table 3. Multiple linear regression of parents' attitudes toward sexual abuse prevention education for young children(n=4 420)
自变量 选项 标准误 t值 P值 β值(β值95%CI) 独生子女 0.11 2.68 0.01 0.30(0.08~0.53) 参与过相关活动 0.12 11.05 < 0.01 1.28(1.06~1.51) 与亲友交流过性教育 0.12 7.04 < 0.01 0.81(0.59~1.04) 家庭居住地 乡镇 0.15 0.37 0.72 0.05(-0.24~0.34) 城市 0.14 3.46 < 0.01 0.49(0.21~0.77) 家庭年收入/ 5~10 0.13 2.19 0.03 0.29(0.03~0.55) 万元 ＞10 0.14 2.82 0.01 0.39(0.12~0.66) 问卷填写人 母亲 0.13 6.61 < 0.01 0.88(0.62~1.14) 其他 0.37 0.57 0.57 0.21(-0.51~0.93) 性侵害教育知识得分 中 0.16 4.75 < 0.01 0.75(0.44~1.05) 高 0.19 5.21 < 0.01 0.98(0.61~1.35) 母亲文化程度 初中 0.23 1.45 0.15 0.34(-0.12~0.80) 高中/中专 0.24 4.26 < 0.01 1.03(0.56~1.51) 大专及以上 0.25 5.71 < 0.01 1.42(0.93~1.91) 母亲职业 其他 0.14 3.21 < 0.01 0.44(0.17~0.70) 教师/医护 0.21 2.51 0.01 0.52(0.11~0.93)
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表 4 家长对幼儿防性侵教育的需求报告率
Table 4. The reporting rate of parents' current needs for sexual abuse prevention education for young children
组别 选项 人数 教育需求 知识途径 自我保护 身体认识 性别角色 生命来源 不想了解 学校教育和书籍 网络 传统 其他 幼儿性别 男 2 303 2 227(96.70) 1 995(86.63) 1 812(78.68) 1 762(76.51) 55(2.39) 1 955(84.89) 1 148(49.85) 1 051(45.64) 527(22.88) 女 2 117 2 054(97.02) 1 799(84.98) 1 630(77.00) 1 563(73.83) 74(3.50) 1 736(82.00) 1 020(48.18) 981(46.34) 475(22.44) 家庭居住地 农村/乡镇 2 218 2 136(96.30) 1 842(83.05) 1 657(74.71) 1 632(73.58) 82(3.70) 1 876(84.58) 964(43.46) 1 034(46.62) 516(23.26) 城市 2 202 2 145(97.41) 1 952(88.65) 1 785(81.06) 1 693(76.89) 47(2.13) 1 815(82.43) 1 204(54.68) 998(45.32) 486(22.07) 合计 4 420 4 281(96.86) 3 794(85.84) 3 442(77.87) 3 325(75.22) 129(2.92) 3 691(83.51) 2 168(49.05) 2 032(45.97) 1 002(22.67) 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
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