中学生体能状况及其与早餐频次的关联

高磊; 常子敏; 罗帅呈; 孟颖; 刘聪

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.023

中学生体能状况及其与早餐频次的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.023

高磊¹,
常子敏²,
罗帅呈²,
孟颖^3, ,,
刘聪⁴

1.
豫章师范学院体育学院，江西南昌 330103
2.
南昌工学院体育学院
3.
上饶师范学院教育科学学院
4.
江西师范大学体育学院

基金项目:

江西省教育科学“十三五”规划项目 18ZD070

详细信息

作者简介:
高磊(1979-)，男，山东枣庄人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为运动与学生体质健康

通讯作者:
孟颖，E-mail：311138@sru.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 G804.49 R153.2
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- PDF下载量: 49
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-01
- 修回日期: 2022-11-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Correlation between physical fitness and frequency of breakfast consumption of middle school students

1.
Department of Physical Education, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang(330103), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中学生体能状况及其与早餐频次的关联，为改善中学生体能状况提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群分层抽样法，于2020年9月选取上饶市2 732名初、高中学生作为研究对象，调查中学生吃早餐的频次，同时收集个人基本信息、家庭基本情况和其他生活行为方式，体能测试包括握力、立定跳远、1 min仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈、50 m跑和20 m往返跑项目。采用χ²检验比较不同人口学特征、早餐行为中学生体能的差异，运用Logistic回归分析早餐行为与体能之间的关联。结果中学生体能不合格检出率为21.5%。不同早餐频次中学生握力、20 m往返跑不合格率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为8.27，13.90，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，20 m往返跑是否合格与早餐频次(有时吃、不吃或偶尔吃)均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.51，2.08，P值均 < 0.05)。结论中学生低频率早餐行为是20 m往返跑不合格发生的相关因素，学校和家庭应关注中学生早餐消费情况，确保每日营养摄入充足。
- 身体素质 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the breakfast consumption of middle school students and to analyze its relationship with physical fitness, so as to provide reference for improving physical fitness of middle school students. Methods A total of 2 732 middle school students from Shangrao City were selected in September 2021 by random cluster stratified sampling. The breakfast consumption behaviors of middle school students were investigated by questionnaire, and the general information, family information and other lifestyle behaviors were collected. The physical fitness test includes grip strength, standing long jump, 1-minute sit-up, sit-forward bend, 50 m run and 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT) to evaluate the strength, flexibility, speed and endurance of middle school students. χ² tests were used to compare the correlation between different demographic characteristics, breakfast behavior and physical fitness, and Logistic regression analysis was used to infer the correlation strength between breakfast behavior and physical fitness. Results The detection rate of physical fitness failure among middle school students was 21.5%. There were statistically significant differences between breakfast frequency and grip strength and 20 m SRT(χ²=8.27, 13.90, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that 20 m SRT was positively correlated with breakfast frequency (sometimes eat breakfast, OR=1.51, skip or occasionally eat breakfast OR=2.08, P < 0.05). Conclusion The low frequency of breakfast consumption of middle school students is associated with low performance on 20 m SRT. Schools and families should pay attention to the breakfast consumption of middle school students to ensure adequate daily nutrition intake.
- Physical fitness /
- Food habits /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别中学生体能指标不合格率比较

Table 1. Comparison of unqualified rates of physical indicators of middle school students with different groups

组别	选项	人数	统计值	1 min仰卧起坐	握力	20 m往返跑	坐位体前屈	50 m跑	立定跳远
性别	男	1 346		657(48.8)	196(14.6)	249(18.5)	746(55.4)	276(20.5)	198(14.7)
	女	1 386		515(37.2)	82(5.9)	212(15.3)	707(51.0)	218(15.7)	127(9.2)
			χ²值	37.86	55.84	5.00	5.34	10.52	20.05
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01
学段	初中	1 382		634(45.9)	147(10.6)	229(16.6)	792(57.3)	318(23.0)	170(12.3)
	高中	1 350		538(39.9)	131(9.7)	232(17.2)	661(49.0)	176(13.0)	155(11.5)
			χ²值	10.12	0.65	0.18	19.10	45.86	0.44
			P值	< 0.01	0.42	0.67	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.51
户籍所在地	城镇	569		246(43.2)	71 (12.5)	83(14.6)	331(58.2)	102(17.9)	71(12.5)
	农村	2 163		926(42.8)	207(9.6)	378(17.5)	1 122(51.9)	392(18.1)	254(11.7)
			χ²值	0.03	4.17	2.68	7.18	0.01	0.23
			P值	0.86	< 0.05	0.10	< 0.01	0.91	0.63
家庭经济状况	差	442		213(48.2)	56(12.7)	94(21.3)	229(51.8)	80(18.1)	52(11.8)
	一般	2 045		860(42.1)	195(9.5)	320(15.6)	1 089(53.3)	380(18.6)	240(11.7)
	好	245		99(40.4)	27(11.0)	47(19.2)	135(55.1)	34(13.9)	33(13.5)
			χ²值	6.27	4.12	9.21	0.70	3.27	0.64
			P值	< 0.05	0.13	< 0.05	0.70	0.20	0.73
是否留守	是	1 317		571(43.4)	120(9.1)	232(17.6)	704(53.5)	233(17.7)	164(12.5)
	否	1 415		601(42.5)	158(11.2)	229(16.2)	749(52.9)	261(18.4)	161(11.4)
			χ²值	0.22	3.15	1.00	0.08	0.26	0.75
			P值	0.64	0.08	0.32	0.79	0.61	0.39
是否有剧烈体力活动	是	1 305		530(40.6)	149(11.4)	194(14.9)	686(52.6)	218(16.7)	143(11.0)
	否	1 427		642(45.0)	129(9.0)	267(18.7)	767(53.7)	276(19.3)	182(12.8)
			χ²值	5.33	4.22	7.18	0.38	3.20	2.10
			P值	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.01	0.54	0.07	0.15
父亲学历	小学及以下	581		258(44.4)	59(10.2)	103(17.7)	290(49.9)	92(15.8)	61(10.5)
	初中	1 519		639(42.1)	143(9.4)	284(18.7)	794(52.3)	279(18.4)	187(12.3)
	高中/中专	503		220(43.7)	59(11.7)	60(11.9)	285(56.7)	93(18.5)	55(10.9)
	大学或以上	129		55(42.6)	17(13.2)	14(10.9)	84(65.1)	30(23.3)	22(17.1)
			χ²值	1.12	3.57	16.00	12.82	4.45	5.05
			P值	0.77	0.31	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.22	0.17
母亲学历	小学及以下	1 062		468(44.1)	108(10.2)	178(16.8)	537(50.6)	197(18.5)	127(12.0)
	初中	1 277		536(42.0)	126(9.9)	227(17.8)	692(54.2)	224(17.5)	154(12.1)
	高中/中专	322		137(42.5)	34(10.6)	52(16.1)	184(57.1)	54(16.8)	35(10.9)
	大学或以上	71		31(43.7)	10(14.1)	4(5.6)	40(56.3)	19(26.8)	9(12.7)
			χ²值	1.07	1.37	7.27	5.76	4.39	0.40
			P值	0.78	0.71	0.06	0.12	0.22	0.94
是否吸烟	是	73		37(50.7)	9(12.3)	16(21.9)	40(54.8)	11(15.1)	10(13.7)
	否	2 659		1 135(42.7)	269(10.1)	445(16.7)	1413(53.1)	483(18.2)	315(11.8)
			χ²值	1.86	0.38	1.36	0.08	0.46	0.23
			P值	0.17	0.54	0.24	0.78	0.50	0.63
是否饮酒	是	71		38(53.5)	8(11.3)	17(23.9)	33(46.5)	9(12.7)	15(21.1)
	否	2 661		1 134(42.6)	270(10.1)	444(16.7)	1 420(53.4)	485(18.2)	310(11.6)
			χ²值	3.36	0.10	2.60	1.32	1.44	5.93
			P值	0.07	0.76	0.11	0.25	0.23	< 0.05
每天睡眠时间/h	< 6	536		217(40.5)	47(8.8)	95(17.7)	261(48.7)	89(16.6)	57(10.6)
	6.1~8	1 730		738(42.7)	177(10.2)	273(15.8)	914(52.8)	297(17.2)	196(11.3)
	8.1~10	412		196(47.6)	50(12.1)	83(20.1)	250(60.7)	96(23.3)	69(16.7)
	>10	54		21(38.9)	4(7.4)	10(18.5)	28(51.9)	12(22.2)	3(5.6)
			χ²值	5.34	3.35	5.00	13.76	9.97	12.67
			P值	0.15	0.34	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.05
注： ()内数字为不合格率/%。

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表 2 不同早餐频次中学生体能指标不合格率比较

Table 2. Comparison of unqualified rate of physical fitness index of middle school students with different frequency of breakfast consumption

早餐频次	人数	1 min仰卧起坐	握力	20 m往返跑	坐位体前屈	50 m跑	立定跳远
不吃或偶尔吃	85	45(52.9)	16(18.8)	25(29.4)	44(51.8)	22(25.9)	13(15.3)
有时吃	183	84(45.9)	14(7.7)	40(21.9)	88(48.1)	31(16.9)	27(14.8)
基本每天都吃	2 464	1 043(42.3)	248(10.1)	396(16.1)	1 321(53.6)	441(17.9)	285(11.6)
χ²值		4.50	8.27	13.90	2.16	3.71	2.62
P值		0.11	< 0.05	< 0.01	0.34	0.16	0.27
注： ()内数字为不合格率/%。

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表 3 中学生早餐频次与握力、20 m往返跑是否合格的Logistic回归分析(n=2 732)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of breakfast frequency and grip strength, 20 m shuttle run test qualified or not(n=2 732)

因变量	早餐频率	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
握力^a	有时吃	-0.34	0.29	1.37	0.71(0.40~1.26)	0.24
	不吃或偶尔吃	0.50	0.30	2.89	1.65(0.93~2.95)	0.09
20 m往返	有时吃	0.41	0.19	4.69	1.51(1.04~2.19)	< 0.05
跑^b	不吃或偶尔吃	0.73	0.25	8.62	2.08(1.28~3.40)	< 0.01
注： a控制了性别、户籍所在地、有无剧烈活动；b控制了性别、父亲学历、家庭经济状况、有无剧烈活动。

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