Relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems of preschool offspring
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摘要:
目的 探讨母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联，为预防和干预学龄前儿童情绪行为问题提供参考。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法，于2021年6月选择安徽省阜阳市3个区12所幼儿园4 100名3~6岁儿童为研究对象，通过长处和困难问卷(SDQ)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)分别调查学龄前儿童情绪行为问题和母亲情绪症状。 结果 学龄前儿童情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为、困难总分异常的检出率分别为15.7%，17.4%，20.0%，32.3%，15.1%和15.8%，母亲抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的检出率分别为7.9%，12.7%，4.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，与母亲无抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的儿童相比，母亲有抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的儿童情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题和困难总分异常检出率均增大(OR=1.76~6.35，P值均 < 0.01)，其中母亲情绪症状对儿童情绪症状的影响作用最大，而母亲有压力症状与儿童亲社会行为的关联无统计学意义(OR=1.40，P>0.05)。母亲情绪症状与儿童情绪行为问题关联的性别差异无统计学意义(ROR=0.73~1.07，P值均>0.05)。母亲存在压力症状的独生子女出现情绪行为问题的风险高于非独生子女(ROR=2.03，P < 0.05)。 结论 母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题有关，早期识别并干预母亲的抑郁、焦虑、压力等负性情绪症状，有益于学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的防控。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of preschool offspring, and to provide reference for prevention and intervention of emotional and behavior problems in preschool children. Methods A total of 4 100 preschool children aged 3-6 in Fuyang City were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling method in June 2021. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to investigate preschool children's EBPs and maternal emotional symptoms, respectively. Results The detection rates of preschool children's emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems, prosocial behavior and difficulty scores were 15.7%, 17.4%, 20.0%, 32.3%, 15.1% and 15.8%, respectively. The detection rates of mother's depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 7.9%, 12.7% and 4.8%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with children of mothers with no depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, offspring of mothers reported depression, anxiety and stress symptoms had significantly higher risks of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and total difficulties (OR=1.76-6.35, P < 0.01). Maternal emotional symptoms had the most significant effect on children's emotional symptoms, and there was no significant correlation between maternal stress symptoms and children's prosocial behavior (OR=1.40, P>0.05). There was no significant gender difference in the relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and children's emotional and behavioral problems (ROR=0.73-1.07, P>0.05). For only children whose mothers reported stress symptoms showed a higher risk of emotional and behavior problems than non-singleton children (ROR=2.03, P < 0.05). Conclusion Maternal emotional symptoms are related to preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. Early identification and intervention of mother's negative emotional symptoms, are beneficial to the prevention of preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. -
Key words:
- Mothers /
- Emotions /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 学龄前儿童情绪行为问题影响因素的单因素分析
Table 1. Single factor analysis of influencing factors of emotional and behaviorals among preschool children
因素 选项 人数 情绪行为异常人数 χ2值 P值 因素 选项 人数 情绪行为异常人数 χ2值 P值 家庭子女情况 独生子女 1 218 183(15.0) 18.58 < 0.01 母亲文化 初中及以下 691 157(22.7) 37.57 < 0.01 大孩 869 177(20.4) 程度 高中、中专 1 157 193(16.7) 二孩 1 892 266(14.1) 大专及以上 2 252 296(13.1) 三孩 121 20(16.5) 孩子主要照 母亲 3 264 492(15.1) 5.62 0.02 母乳喂养时间/月 < 6 1 531 259(16.9) 5.92 0.05 料人 其他亲属 836 154(18.4) 6~ < 12 1 746 279(16.0) 家庭人均月收 < 6 000 2 138 336(15.7) 3.25 0.20 ≥12 823 108(13.1) 入/元 6 000~ < 10 000 1 286 217(16.9) 平均每天视屏 ≤2 2 307 298(12.9) 32.03 < 0.01 ≥10 000 676 93(13.8) 时间/h >2 1 793 348(19.4) 家庭结构 大家庭 1 702 300(17.6) 12.85 < 0.01 每天户外活动 < 1 540 116(21.5) 23.18 < 0.01 核心家庭 2 301 324(14.1) 时间/h 1~ < 2 2 233 361(16.2) 其他家庭 97 22(22.7) 2~ < 3 1 026 127(12.4) 母亲抑郁症状 无 3 778 517(13.7) 155.53 < 0.01 ≥3 301 42(14.0) 有 322 129(40.1) 平均睡眠持续 < 10 2 406 438(18.2) 26.30 < 0.01 母亲焦虑症状 无 3 578 461(12.9) 174.61 < 0.01 时间/h ≥10 1 694 208(12.3) 有 522 185(35.4) 父亲文化程度 初中及以下 643 131(20.4) 21.54 < 0.01 母亲压力症状 无 3 904 544(13.9) 204.17 < 0.01 高中、中专 1 201 210(17.5) 有 196 102(52.0) 大专及以上 2 256 305(13.5) 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)，n=4 100]
Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of mother's emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems[OR(OR 95%CI), n=4 100]
自变量 情绪症状 品行问题 多动 同伴交往问题 亲社会行为 困难总分 抑郁 3.82(2.97~4.90)** 2.32(1.80~3.00)** 2.40(1.87~3.07)** 1.77(1.40~2.24)** 1.60(1.21~2.12)* 3.90(3.04~5.01)** 焦虑 3.48(2.82~4.30)** 2.30(1.86~2.84)** 2.16(1.76~2.66)** 1.87(1.55~2.27)** 1.52(1.20~1.91)** 3.54(2.86~4.36)** 压力 5.20(3.84~7.05)** 3.01(2.22~4.09)** 3.39(2.51~4.59)** 1.76(1.31~2.37)** 1.40(0.97~2.00) 6.35(4.68~8.61)** 注： *P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。
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表 3 母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题关联的性别差异
Table 3. Gender differences in the relationship between mothers' emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems
自变量 选项 男童 女童 性别差异 人数 检出人数 检出率/% OR值(OR值95%CI) 人数 检出人数 检出率/% OR值(OR值95%CI) ROR值(95%CI) P值 抑郁 无 1 931 301 15.6 1.00 1 847 216 11.7 1.00 1.00 有 162 66 40.7 3.38(2.39~4.78)** 160 63 39.4 4.63(3.22~6.66)** 0.73(0.44~1.21) 0.22 焦虑 无 1 816 258 14.2 1.00 1 762 203 11.5 1.00 1.00 有 277 109 39.4 3.64(2.74~4.84)** 245 76 31.0 3.39(2.46~4.68)** 1.07(0.70~1.65) 0.75 压力 无 1 991 311 15.6 1.00 1 913 233 12.2 1.00 1.00 有 102 56 54.9 6.19(4.06~9.45)** 94 46 48.9 6.55(4.18~10.24)** 0.95(0.51~1.75) 0.86 注： ** P < 0.01。
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表 4 母亲情绪症状与是否独生子女学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联
Table 4. Only child differences in the relationship between mothers' emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems
自变量 选项 独生子女 非独生子女 是否独生子女差异 人数 检出人数 检出率/% OR值(OR值95%CI) 人数 检出人数 检出率/% OR值(OR值95%CI) ROR值(95%CI) P值 抑郁 无 1 120 144 12.9 1.00 2 658 373 14.0 1.00 1.00 有 98 39 39.8 4.21(2.65~6.68)** 224 90 40.2 3.83(2.84~5.16)** 1.10(0.63~1.91) 0.74 焦虑 无 1 075 130 12.1 1.00 2 503 331 13.2 1.00 1.00 有 143 53 37.1 4.19(2.79~6.28)** 379 132 34.8 3.36(2.62~4.31)** 1.25(0.77~2.01) 0.36 压力 无 1 160 147 12.7 1.00 2 744 397 14.5 1.00 1.00 有 58 36 62.1 10.45(5.86~18.66)** 138 66 47.8 5.15(3.57~7.41)** 2.03(1.02~4.02) 0.04 注： **P < 0.01。
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