母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联

王心柱; 李若瑜; 杨亚红; 刘婷婷; 叶璐; 李庆雷; 万宇辉

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.022

母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.022

1.
安徽省阜阳市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健科，236000
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
3.
阜阳市颍州区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心
4.
阜阳市颍泉区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心
5.
阜阳市颍东区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心

基金项目:

安徽省自然科学基金优青项目 2208085Y23

国家自然科学基金项目 82273652

详细信息

作者简介:
王心柱(1981-)，男，安徽阜阳人，大学本科，主管医师，主要研究方向为儿童早期发展

通讯作者:
万宇辉，E-mail：2004500039@ahmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G78 B844.1 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-14
- 修回日期: 2022-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems of preschool offspring

1.
Child Healthcare Department, Fuyang Maternal & Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Fuyang(236000), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联，为预防和干预学龄前儿童情绪行为问题提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，于2021年6月选择安徽省阜阳市3个区12所幼儿园4 100名3~6岁儿童为研究对象，通过长处和困难问卷(SDQ)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)分别调查学龄前儿童情绪行为问题和母亲情绪症状。结果学龄前儿童情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题、亲社会行为、困难总分异常的检出率分别为15.7%，17.4%，20.0%，32.3%，15.1%和15.8%，母亲抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的检出率分别为7.9%，12.7%，4.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，与母亲无抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的儿童相比，母亲有抑郁、焦虑、压力症状的儿童情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题和困难总分异常检出率均增大(OR=1.76~6.35，P值均 < 0.01)，其中母亲情绪症状对儿童情绪症状的影响作用最大，而母亲有压力症状与儿童亲社会行为的关联无统计学意义(OR=1.40，P>0.05)。母亲情绪症状与儿童情绪行为问题关联的性别差异无统计学意义(ROR=0.73~1.07，P值均>0.05)。母亲存在压力症状的独生子女出现情绪行为问题的风险高于非独生子女(ROR=2.03，P < 0.05)。结论母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题有关，早期识别并干预母亲的抑郁、焦虑、压力等负性情绪症状，有益于学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的防控。
- 母亲 /
- 情绪 /
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of preschool offspring, and to provide reference for prevention and intervention of emotional and behavior problems in preschool children. Methods A total of 4 100 preschool children aged 3-6 in Fuyang City were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling method in June 2021. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to investigate preschool children's EBPs and maternal emotional symptoms, respectively. Results The detection rates of preschool children's emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems, prosocial behavior and difficulty scores were 15.7%, 17.4%, 20.0%, 32.3%, 15.1% and 15.8%, respectively. The detection rates of mother's depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 7.9%, 12.7% and 4.8%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with children of mothers with no depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, offspring of mothers reported depression, anxiety and stress symptoms had significantly higher risks of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and total difficulties (OR=1.76-6.35, P < 0.01). Maternal emotional symptoms had the most significant effect on children's emotional symptoms, and there was no significant correlation between maternal stress symptoms and children's prosocial behavior (OR=1.40, P>0.05). There was no significant gender difference in the relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and children's emotional and behavioral problems (ROR=0.73-1.07, P>0.05). For only children whose mothers reported stress symptoms showed a higher risk of emotional and behavior problems than non-singleton children (ROR=2.03, P < 0.05). Conclusion Maternal emotional symptoms are related to preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. Early identification and intervention of mother's negative emotional symptoms, are beneficial to the prevention of preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems.
- Mothers /
- Emotions /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 学龄前儿童情绪行为问题影响因素的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of influencing factors of emotional and behaviorals among preschool children

因素	选项	人数	情绪行为异常人数	χ²值	P值	因素	选项	人数	情绪行为异常人数	χ²值	P值
家庭子女情况	独生子女	1 218	183(15.0)	18.58	< 0.01	母亲文化	初中及以下	691	157(22.7)	37.57	< 0.01
	大孩	869	177(20.4)			程度	高中、中专	1 157	193(16.7)
	二孩	1 892	266(14.1)				大专及以上	2 252	296(13.1)
	三孩	121	20(16.5)			孩子主要照	母亲	3 264	492(15.1)	5.62	0.02
母乳喂养时间/月	< 6	1 531	259(16.9)	5.92	0.05	料人	其他亲属	836	154(18.4)
	6~ < 12	1 746	279(16.0)			家庭人均月收	< 6 000	2 138	336(15.7)	3.25	0.20
	≥12	823	108(13.1)			入/元	6 000~ < 10 000	1 286	217(16.9)
平均每天视屏	≤2	2 307	298(12.9)	32.03	< 0.01		≥10 000	676	93(13.8)
时间/h	>2	1 793	348(19.4)			家庭结构	大家庭	1 702	300(17.6)	12.85	< 0.01
每天户外活动	< 1	540	116(21.5)	23.18	< 0.01		核心家庭	2 301	324(14.1)
时间/h	1~ < 2	2 233	361(16.2)				其他家庭	97	22(22.7)
	2~ < 3	1 026	127(12.4)			母亲抑郁症状	无	3 778	517(13.7)	155.53	< 0.01
	≥3	301	42(14.0)				有	322	129(40.1)
平均睡眠持续	< 10	2 406	438(18.2)	26.30	< 0.01	母亲焦虑症状	无	3 578	461(12.9)	174.61	< 0.01
时间/h	≥10	1 694	208(12.3)				有	522	185(35.4)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	643	131(20.4)	21.54	< 0.01	母亲压力症状	无	3 904	544(13.9)	204.17	< 0.01
	高中、中专	1 201	210(17.5)				有	196	102(52.0)
	大专及以上	2 256	305(13.5)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)，n=4 100]

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of mother's emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems[OR(OR 95%CI), n=4 100]

自变量	情绪症状	品行问题	多动	同伴交往问题	亲社会行为	困难总分
抑郁	3.82(2.97~4.90)^**	2.32(1.80~3.00)^**	2.40(1.87~3.07)^**	1.77(1.40~2.24)^**	1.60(1.21~2.12)^*	3.90(3.04~5.01)^**
焦虑	3.48(2.82~4.30)^**	2.30(1.86~2.84)^**	2.16(1.76~2.66)^**	1.87(1.55~2.27)^**	1.52(1.20~1.91)^**	3.54(2.86~4.36)^**
压力	5.20(3.84~7.05)^**	3.01(2.22~4.09)^**	3.39(2.51~4.59)^**	1.76(1.31~2.37)^**	1.40(0.97~2.00)	6.35(4.68~8.61)^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 3 母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题关联的性别差异

Table 3. Gender differences in the relationship between mothers' emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems

自变量	选项	男童				女童				性别差异
自变量	选项	人数	检出人数	检出率/%	OR值(OR值95%CI)	人数	检出人数	检出率/%	OR值(OR值95%CI)	ROR值(95%CI)	P值
抑郁	无	1 931	301	15.6	1.00	1 847	216	11.7	1.00	1.00
	有	162	66	40.7	3.38(2.39~4.78)^**	160	63	39.4	4.63(3.22~6.66)^**	0.73(0.44~1.21)	0.22
焦虑	无	1 816	258	14.2	1.00	1 762	203	11.5	1.00	1.00
	有	277	109	39.4	3.64(2.74~4.84)^**	245	76	31.0	3.39(2.46~4.68)^**	1.07(0.70~1.65)	0.75
压力	无	1 991	311	15.6	1.00	1 913	233	12.2	1.00	1.00
	有	102	56	54.9	6.19(4.06~9.45)^**	94	46	48.9	6.55(4.18~10.24)^**	0.95(0.51~1.75)	0.86
注： ** P < 0.01。

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表 4 母亲情绪症状与是否独生子女学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联

Table 4. Only child differences in the relationship between mothers' emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems

自变量	选项	独生子女				非独生子女				是否独生子女差异
自变量	选项	人数	检出人数	检出率/%	OR值(OR值95%CI)	人数	检出人数	检出率/%	OR值(OR值95%CI)	ROR值(95%CI)	P值
抑郁	无	1 120	144	12.9	1.00	2 658	373	14.0	1.00	1.00
	有	98	39	39.8	4.21(2.65~6.68)^**	224	90	40.2	3.83(2.84~5.16)^**	1.10(0.63~1.91)	0.74
焦虑	无	1 075	130	12.1	1.00	2 503	331	13.2	1.00	1.00
	有	143	53	37.1	4.19(2.79~6.28)^**	379	132	34.8	3.36(2.62~4.31)^**	1.25(0.77~2.01)	0.36
压力	无	1 160	147	12.7	1.00	2 744	397	14.5	1.00	1.00
	有	58	36	62.1	10.45(5.86~18.66)^**	138	66	47.8	5.15(3.57~7.41)^**	2.03(1.02~4.02)	0.04
注： **P < 0.01。

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