领悟社会支持与中学生欺凌保护行为和抑郁症状的关联

王泓懿; 张珊珊; 吴家钰; 刘致宏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.018

领悟社会支持与中学生欺凌保护行为和抑郁症状的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.018

沈阳师范大学教育科学学院，辽宁 110034

基金项目:

全国教育科学“十四五”规划教育部重点课题项目 DHA 210344

详细信息

作者简介:
王泓懿(2000-)，女，辽宁沈阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为应用心理学

通讯作者:
张珊珊，E-mail：zhangxiaobai2@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G478 B844.2 G444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2022-11-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Relationship among perceived social support, bullying defender and depression symptoms in middle school students

College of Education Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang(110034), China

摘要

摘要: 目的识别中学生领悟社会支持的潜在类别，并分析其与欺凌保护行为与抑郁症状的关联，为增加中学生欺凌保护行为和减少抑郁症状提供参考。方法于2021年9—11月，采用方便整群抽样法选取辽宁省3所中学的1 021名在读初、高中学生，采用领悟社会支持量表(MSPSS)、欺凌情境中自我评估参与角色量表(PRQ)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行问卷调查，并采用潜在剖面分析、稳健三步法及Logistic回归对数据进行分析。结果中学生领悟社会支持分为低领悟社会支持组(8.03%，82名)、领悟友谊支持组(15.38%，157名)、中度领悟社会支持组(35.26%，360名)和高领悟社会支持组(41.33%，422名)4个潜在类别。多项式Logistic回归分析显示，女生和初中生在领悟友谊支持组所占比例更大(OR值分别为0.65，0.52，P值均 < 0.05)。不同领悟社会支持潜在类别的中学生在欺凌保护行为和抑郁症状上差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为47.99和48.80，P值均 < 0.01)，低领悟社会支持组的中学生欺凌保护行为得分最低(33.75±0.82)，抑郁症状得分最高(49.82±0.72)。结论中学生的领悟社会支持存在异质性。家庭和学校可以通过有意识地提高中学生的领悟社会支持水平，有效促进欺凌保护行为并减少抑郁症状的发生。
- 社会支持 /
- 暴力 /
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To identify potential categories of perceived social support for middle school students and further analyze the association of different categories with bullying defender and depressive symptoms, so as to provide a reference for promoting protection for primary school bullying and reducing depression. Methods From September to November 2021, a total of 1 021 junior high school students and senior high school students from there middle schools in Liaoning Province by convenient whole-group sampling method were taken as the object of the research. Students completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Participant Role Questionnaire (PRQ) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Latent Profile Analysis, the R3STEP method and the DU3STEP method and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Middle school students' perceived social support was classified into four potential categories: low perceived social support group (8.03%, 82), perceived friendship support group(15.38%, 157), moderate perceived social support group (35.26%, 360) and high perceived social support group(41.33%, 422). Logistic regression analysis showed that girls and junior high school students had greater proportions in the perceived friendship support group(OR=0.65, 0.52, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in bullying defender and depression symptom among middle school students among different potential categories of perceived social support (χ²=47.99, 48.80, P < 0.01). The score of bullying defending the low perceived social support group was the lowest(33.75±0.82), but the highest in depressive symptoms(49.82±0.72). Conclusion There is heterogeneity in perceived social support among middle school students. By consciously improving the level of perceived social support for middle school students, families and schools can effectively promote bullying defender and reduce depressive symptoms.
- Social support /
- Violence /
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 中学生领悟社会支持潜在类别的条件均值

Figure 1. Conditional means of potential categories of perceived social support among middle school students

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表 1 中学生领悟社会支持的潜在剖面分析拟合信息(n=1 021)

Table 1. Potential profile analysis and fit information of perceived social support among middle school students (n=1 021)

模型	Log(L)	AIC值	BIC值	aBIC值	Entropy值	P_LMRT值	P_BLRT值	类别概率
1	-22 130.29	44 308.58	44 426.86	44 350.64	-	-	-	-
2	-20 793.49	41 660.97	41 843.33	41 725.81	0.87	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.52/0.48
3	-20 301.07	40 702.14	40 948.57	40 789.76	0.90	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.09/0.50/0.41
4	-19 973.70	40 073.40	40 383.90	40 183.80	0.90	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.35/0.08/0.16/0.41
5	-19 768.34	39 688.67	40 063.24	39 821.86	0.91	0.39	< 0.01	0.07/0.05/0.12/0.25/0.41
6	-19 588.68	39 355.35	39 793.99	39 511.32	0.92	0.10	< 0.01	0.29/0.05/0.11/0.05/0.41/0.09

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表 2 中学生领悟社会支持潜在类别影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=1 021)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing potential categories of perceived social support among middle school students(n=1 021)

自变量	选项	中度领悟社会支持组			领悟友谊支持组			高领悟社会支持组
自变量	选项	偏回归系数(95%CI)	OR值	P值	偏回归系数(95%CI)	OR值	P值	偏回归系数(95%CI)	OR值	P值
性别	男	-0.19(-0.62~0.24)	0.83	0.39	-0.43(-0.85~-0.11)	0.65	0.04	0.16(-0.14~0.47)	1.17	0.29
学段	高中	-0.08(-0.52~0.34)	0.92	0.69	-0.66(-1.09~-0.23)	0.52	< 0.01	0.26(-0.05~0.57)	1.30	0.10
独生子女	否	-0.35(-0.93~0.23)	0.70	0.24	0.32(-0.36~0.99)	1.38	0.36	-0.04(-0.49~0.41)	0.96	0.87
班干部经历	无	0.10(-0.33~0.53)	1.11	0.64	0.20(-0.21~0.61)	1.22	0.35	-0.20(-0.51~0.11)	0.82	0.21
生源地	城市	0.06(-0.37~0.50)	1.06	0.78	-0.01(-0.43~0.41)	0.99	0.96	0.04(-0.27~0.35)	1.04	0.80
家庭结构	离异	0.13(-0.68~0.93)	1.14	0.76	0.02(-0.79~0.82)	1.02	0.96	0.29(-0.27~0.86)	1.34	0.31
留守经历	无	-0.27(-0.73~0.18)	0.76	0.24	-0.42(-0.85~0.01)	0.66	0.06	-0.20(-0.53~0.13)	0.82	0.23
年龄		-0.02(-0.18~0.13)	0.98	0.79	-0.13(-0.29~0.03)	0.88	0.11	0.06(-0.05~0.16)	1.06	0.31
注：自变量分别以女生、初中、是独生子女、有班干部经历、农村、家庭结构完整、有留守经历为参照组，年龄为连续型变量。

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表 3 不同领悟社会支持潜在类别中学生欺凌保护行为和抑郁症状得分比较(x±s)

Table 3. Test for differences in bullying defender and depressive symptoms in potential categories of perceived social support among middle school students (x±s)

组别	人数	欺凌保护行为	抑郁症状
低领悟社会支持组	82	33.75±0.82	49.82±0.72
领悟友谊支持组	157	37.80±0.44	47.56±0.40
中度领悟社会支持组	360	37.33±0.87	46.76±0.72
高领悟社会支持组	422	40.22±0.48	44.58±0.41
χ²值		47.99	48.80
注：P值均 < 0.01。

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