贵州省12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题现况及相关因素

谢虹雅; 李秀玲; 王雯; 陈太好; 罗鹏; 张江萍

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.012

贵州省12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题现况及相关因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.02.012

谢虹雅¹,
李秀玲²,
王雯²,
陈太好¹,
罗鹏¹,
张江萍^{1, 3, ,}

1.
贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院/环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室，贵阳 550025
2.
贵阳市云岩区疾病预防控制中心
3.
贵阳市云岩区卫生健康局

基金项目:

贵阳市云岩区科学计划项目云科项目〔2021〕3号

详细信息

作者简介:
谢虹雅(1996-)，女，贵州毕节人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为社区卫生与.健康促进

通讯作者:
张江萍，E-mail：664746385@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2022-11-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Prevalence and influencing factors of behavioral problems among adolescents aged 12-16 years in Guizhou Province

1.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control/Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang(550025), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨贵州省12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题现状及其相关因素，为儿童青少年行为问题预防和干预提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，于2021年8—12月选取贵州省贵阳、都匀、凯里3个不同经济发展水平市的12所中小学校的3 217名12~16岁儿童青少年为研究对象，采用自编一般情况调查表、父母用儿童行为量表对儿童青少年监护人进行调查。结果儿童青少年行为问题检出率为16.60%，其中男生为14.41%，女生为18.62%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，与身边同龄人关系一般或较好与儿童青少年行为问题发生风险呈负相关；非父母为主要看护人、孩子每天屏幕时间为1~2 h、孩子每天屏幕时间>2 h、无体育爱好、父亲教养方式为溺爱型或忽视型、母亲教养方式为溺爱型、父亲有不良生活嗜好、父亲偶尔生病、母亲偶尔生病与儿童青少年行为问题发生风险呈正相关(OR值分别为0.25，0.16，1.44，1.47，2.75，1.36，1.85，2.01，2.12，1.69，1.30，1.38，P值均 < 0.05)。结论贵州省儿童青少年行为问题发生率与自身不良生活习惯和家庭环境中的多种因素有关。家庭、学校及相关职能部门应发挥自身优势，采取综合措施预防儿童青少年行为问题发生。
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the current status related to behavioral problems among children and adolescents aged 12-16 years old in Guizhou Province, China, and to provide a reference for timely prevention and intervention measures. Methods To capture different economic development levels, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. A total of 3 217 children and adolescents aged 12-16 years old from six middle schools and six primary schools in Guiyang, Duyun, Kaili City from Guizhou Province participated in this study. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a self-designed questionnaire were administered between August and December 2021. Results The overall detection rate of behavioral problems among the students was 16.60%, and the rate was 14.41% and 18.62% among male and female students, respectively. The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that good peer relationships (OR=0.25, 0.16, P < 0.05) were associated with a lower risk of behavioral problems in children and adolescents. However, the following factors were associated with an elevated risk of behavioral problems: nonparents as the main caregivers(OR=1.44); children's daily screen time was 1-2 h (OR=1.47) or more than 2 h(OR=2.75); children who had no sports hobbies(OR=1.36); father parenting for doting or neglect(OR=1.85, 2.01); maternal parenting for doting(OR=2.12); father had bad life habits(OR=1.69); father and mother were occasionally sick(OR=1.30, 1.38)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Behavioral problems among children and adolescents in Guizhou Province is related to children's unhealthy living habits and various factors in the family environment. It is suggested that families, schools and relevant functional departments give full play to their own advantages and take comprehensive measures to prevent the occurrence of behavioral problems among children and adolescents.
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 贵州省不同组别12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rate of behavioral problems with diffgerent groups in children and adolescents aged 12-16 years in Guizhou Province

组别	选项	调查人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 547	223(14.41)	10.27	< 0.01
	女	1 670	311(18.62)
主要看护人	父亲/母亲	2 903	454(15.60)	19.98	< 0.01
	祖父母/外祖父母/其他	314	80(25.48)
与身边同龄人关系	较差	49	24(48.98)	83.24	< 0.01
	一般	1 308	281(21.48)
	较好	1 850	229(12.38)
每天屏幕时间/h	< 1	1 385	145(10.47)	133.96	< 0.01
	1~2	1 290	214(16.60)
	>2	542	175(32.29)
体育爱好	有	2 503	359(14.34)	41.48	< 0.01
	无	714	175(24.51)
父母婚姻状况	已婚/同居	2 574	395(15.35)	16.08	< 0.01
	再婚	162	32(19.75)
	离异/分居	398	92(23.16)
	丧偶	74	15(20.27)
父亲性格	外向型	911	148(16.25)	13.80	< 0.01
	平稳型	1 886	301(15.96)
	内向型	353	63(17.85)
	消极型	67	22(32.84)
母亲性格	外向型	1 722	234(13.59)	31.89	< 0.01
	平稳型	1 284	244(19.00)
	内向型	191	50(26.18)
	消极型	20	6(30.00)
父亲不良生活嗜好	有	2 180	427(19.59)	43.61	< 0.01
	无	1 037	107(10.32)
父亲教养方式	专制型	636	108(16.98)	74.30	< 0.01
	民主型	2 143	293(13.67)
	溺爱型	184	52(28.26)
	忽视型	254	81(31.89)
母亲教养方式	专制型	801	153(19.10)	74.83	< 0.01
	民主型	2 115	283(13.38)
	溺爱型	202	66(32.67)
	忽视型	99	32(32.32)
母亲不良生活嗜好	有	660	204(30.91)	122.82	< 0.01
	无	2 557	330(12.91)
父亲健康状况	非常健康	2 289	315(13.76)	53.89	< 0.01
	偶尔生病	840	189(22.50)
	经常需要看医生	88	30(34.09)
母亲健康状况	非常健康	2 185	294(13.46)	48.74	< 0.01
	偶尔生病	917	212(23.12)
	经常需要看医生	115	28(24.35)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 贵州省12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题影响因素Logistic回归分析(n=3 217)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of behavioral problems influencing factors in children and adolescents aged 12-16 years in Guizhou Province(n=3 217)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
主要看护人
祖父母/外祖父母/其他	0.37	0.16	5.41	0.02	1.44(1.06~1.96)
与身边同龄人关系
一般	-1.38	0.33	17.05	< 0.01	0.25(0.13~0.49)
较好	-1.81	0.34	29.29	< 0.01	0.16(0.09~0.32)
每天屏幕时间/h
1~2	0.39	0.12	9.85	< 0.01	1.47(1.16~1.88)
>2	1.01	0.14	52.35	< 0.01	2.75(2.09~3.62)
体育爱好
无	0.31	0.12	6.62	0.01	1.36(1.08~1.72)
父亲教养方式
专制型	0.17	0.15	1.20	0.27	1.18(0.88~1.59)
溺爱型	0.62	0.20	9.12	< 0.01	1.85(1.24~2.76)
忽视型	0.70	0.18	15.71	< 0.01	2.01(1.42~2.85)
母亲教养方式
专制型	0.27	0.14	3.85	0.05	1.31(1.00~1.71)
溺爱型	0.75	0.19	15.38	< 0.01	2.12(1.46~3.08)
忽视型	0.30	0.27	1.19	0.28	1.34(0.79~2.28)
父亲不良生活嗜好
有	0.52	0.14	15.01	< 0.01	1.69(1.30~2.20)
父亲健康状况
偶尔生病	0.27	0.13	4.09	0.04	1.30(1.01~1.68)
经常需要看医生	0.51	0.31	2.71	0.10	1.66(0.91~3.04)
母亲健康状况
偶尔生病	0.32	0.13	6.28	0.01	1.38(1.07~1.77)
经常需要看医生	0.05	0.28	0.03	0.85	1.05(0.61~1.82)
注：自变量主要看护人以父/母亲，与身边同龄人关系以较差，每天屏幕时间以 < 1 h，体育爱好以有，父、母亲教养方式以民主型，父亲不良生活嗜好以无，父、母亲健康状况以非常健康为参照。

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