长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲现状及影响因素

陈静静; 孙锡杰; 李婉

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.030

长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲现状及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.030

1.
南京工业职业技术大学体育部, 江苏 210023
2.
苏州科技大学体育部
3.
复旦大学医学部

详细信息

作者简介:
陈静静(1983-), 女, 江苏淮安人, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为体育教育与心理健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R726.8 G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-24
- 修回日期: 2022-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25

Spinal curvature and associated factors among middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta Region

1.
Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Polytechnic University, Nanjing(210023), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解长三角地区儿童青少年脊柱弯曲状况及其影响因素, 为儿童青少年脊柱弯曲的预防和干预提供参考和帮助。方法 2021年9—11月, 采用分层整群抽样方法在长三角地区的安徽、江苏、上海、浙江对8 246名中学生进行脊柱弯曲检查及影响因素的问卷调查。结果长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲检出率为8.46%。女生(9.82%)高于男生(7.20%); 城市(10.77%)高于郊区(4.94%); 初中生(6.65%)低于高中生(10.34%), 差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为18.25, 86.75, 36.26, P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示, 城市(OR=2.58, 95%CI=1.72~3.86)、电子设备使用时长≥3 h/d(OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.14~2.29)、近距离用眼时的休息间隔≥1 h(OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.01~1.97)、户外活动时长 < 2 h/d(OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.26~2.69)与中学生脊柱弯曲的发生均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲检出率较高, 与视屏时间、近距离用眼、户外活动时间等有关。应加强教育和引导, 降低脊柱弯曲的检出率。
- 脊柱弯曲 /
- 问卷调查 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and associated factors of spinal curvature in children and adolescents in the Yangtze River Delta Region and to provide reference and help for the prevention and intervention of spinal curvature in children and adolescents. Methods From September to November 2021, 8 246 middle school students in Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang provinces in the Yangtze River Delta Region were selected by stratified cluster sampling for spinal curvature assessment and questionnaire survey. Results The detection rate of spinal curvature in middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta was 8.46%. Girls (9.82%) were significantly higher than boys (7.20%)(χ²=18.25, P < 0.01), and students from urban area (10.77%) was significantly higher than that of suburban area (4.94%)(χ²=86.75, P < 0.01). Junior high school students (6.65%) were significantly lower than high school students (10.34%)(χ²=36.26, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area(OR=2.58, 95%CI=1.72-3.86), time usage of electronic equipment ≥ 3 h/d(OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.14-2.29), break between near work for more than 1 h (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.01-1.97) and outdoor activity < 2 h/d(OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.26-2.69) were positively correlated with the occurrence of spinal curvature(P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of spinal curvature in middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta is relatively high, which is related to time spent on screen, near work and outdoor activity. Education and guidance should be strengthened to reduce the detection rate of spinal curvature.
- Spinal curvatures /
- Questionnaires /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 长三角地区不同组别中学生脊柱弯曲检出率比较

Table 1. Detection rate of spinal curvature in different categories among middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta Region

组别	选项	统计值	初中		高中		合计
组别	选项	统计值	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数
性别	男		2 138	93(4.35)	2 138	215(10.06)	4 276	308(7.20)
	女		2 057	186(9.04)	1 913	204(10.66)	3 970	390(9.82)
		χ²值		37.18		0.40		18.25
		P值		< 0.01		0.53		< 0.01
城乡	郊区		2 131	81(3.80)	1 131	80(7.07)	3 262	161(4.94)
	城市		2 064	198(9.59)	2 920	339(11.61)	4 984	537(10.77)
		χ²值		56.65		18.09		86.75
		P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
合计			4 195	279(6.65)	4 051	419(10.34)	8 246	698(8.46)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of spinal curvature among middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta region

因素	选项	人数	脊柱弯曲人数	χ²值	P值
每周≥1 h中高强度体力	0	1 011	132(13.06)	29.99	< 0.01
活动的天数/d^*	≥1	7 154	566(7.91)
每学年课桌椅根据自身调整	≤1	5 723	481(8.40)	0.35	0.55
次数^*	>1	2 465	217(8.80)
读写姿势	较好	7 974	672(8.43)	0.44	0.51
	较差	272	26(9.56)
电子设备使用时长	< 3	5 256	397(7.55)	18.23	< 0.01
/(h·d^-1)^*	≥3	2 457	257(10.46)
躺着看书^*	否	6 360	497(7.81)	16.47	< 0.01
	是	1 862	201(10.79)
近距离用眼时的休息	< 1	4 623	325(7.03)	26.51	< 0.01
间隔/h^*	≥1	3 616	369(10.20)
户外活动时长/(h·d^-1)	< 2	5 245	513(9.78)	32.22	< 0.01
	≥2	3 001	185(6.16)
静坐时间累计/(h·d^-1)^*	< 10	4 521	321(7.10)	21.11	< 0.01
	≥10	3 417	341(9.98)
消瘦	否	7 410	622(8.39)	0.47	0.49
	是	836	76(9.09)
注：*表示该条目存在缺失值；()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 长三角地区中学生脊柱弯曲影响因素Logisitc回归分析(n=8 246)

Table 3. Logisitc regression analysis of the influencing factors of spinal curvature among middle school students in the Yangtze River Delta Region (n=8 246)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
城乡	郊区					1.00
	城市	0.95	0.22	21.46	< 0.01	2.58(1.72~3.86)
电子设备使用时	< 3					1.00
长/(h·d^-1)	≥3	0.48	0.19	6.62	0.02	1.61(1.14~2.29)
近距离用眼时的	< 1					1.00
休息间隔/h	≥1	0.34	0.18	3.92	< 0.05	1.42(1.01~1.97)
户外活动时长	≥2					1.00
/(h·d^-1)	< 2	0.62	0.22	9.46	< 0.01	1.84(1.26~2.69)

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