儿童龋齿流行现状及其对颌骨功能的影响

张雪梅; 马征; 聂小汉; 卫琳; 吴宓勋; 郭绎白; 吕娇

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.027

儿童龋齿流行现状及其对颌骨功能的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.027

北京清华长庚医院口腔科, 北京 102218

详细信息

作者简介:
张雪梅(1979-), 女, 北京市人, 硕士, 主治医师, 主要研究方向为牙体牙髓专业

通讯作者:
吕娇, E-mail: Lja00823@btch.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R193 R788
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-16
- 修回日期: 2022-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25

Epidemiology of dental caries and its influences on jaw function in children

Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing(102218), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解儿童龋齿的流行病学特征及龋齿发生后对患儿颌骨功能的影响, 为早期预防儿童颌骨发育异常提供参考。方法 2020年10月, 采用便利抽样法抽取北京市5所幼儿园和3所小学中共860名儿童作为研究对象进行口腔检查, 参照第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准制定调查问卷, 包括人口信息、饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯、口腔保健等内容, 分析儿童龋齿的流行病学特征及龋齿发生后对患儿颌骨功能的影响。结果有190名儿童患有龋齿, 检出率为22.09%。儿童发生龋齿与年龄、居住地、父母受教育水平、是否睡前进食、是否喜食甜食、开始刷牙年龄、每日刷牙频次、父母是否辅助刷牙、是否定期口腔检查、父母是否接受过口腔健康指导有关(χ²值分别为5.04, 4.70, 75.37, 7.91, 12.03, 9.30, 7.64, 255.47, 253.27, 11.38, P值均 < 0.05)。与非龋齿组相比, 龋齿组上牙槽座点角、下齿槽座角、上牙槽到下牙槽座点角、下颌平面角、前颅底平面与下颌平面夹角、上颌长度均较低(t值分别为78.62, 79.35, 10.94, 30.69, 32.15, 48.62, P值均 < 0.05)。结论儿童龋齿发生率较高, 且龋齿发生后患儿颌骨结构异常, 在一定程度上影响颌骨功能。建议早期开展儿童龋病防治工作和加强口腔疾病防治的宣教工作。
- 龋齿 /
- 颌 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function, so as to prevent occurrence of abnormality of jaw function. Methods In October 2020, 860 cases of children from 5 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Beijing were selected by adopting the convenience sampling method.All of them received oral examination, and the questionnaire according to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey standard, including demographic information, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, oral health care, etc.The epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function were analyzed. Results A total of 190 children had dental caries, with a dental caries incidence rate of 22.09%.Dental caries in children's deciduous teeth or permanent teeth was related to age, residence, parents' education level, whethe to eat before going to bed, whether eating sweet food, tooth brushing age, daily brushing frequency, whether parents have assisted tooth brushing, whether regular oral examination, whether parents have received oral health guidance (χ²=5.04, 4.70, 75.37, 7.91, 12.03, 9.30, 7.64, 255.47, 253.27, 11.38, P < 0.05).Compared with the non-caries group, the sella-nasion-A point (SNA), sella-nasion-B point (SNB), A point-nasion-B point (ANB), frankfot horizontal mandibular plane angle (FH-MP), skull nasion mandibular plane angle (SN-MP), anteriors relationship palataplane mandibular (Ptm-ANS) decreased in the dental caries group (t=78.62, 79.35, 10.94, 30.69, 32.15, 48.62, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of caries in children was high and jaw structure abnormalities and dysfunction.It is suggested that caries prevention and control work should be carried out early to strengthen the prevention and control of oral disease education work.
- Dental caries /
- Jaw /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Child
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表 1 儿童发生龋齿的单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of dental caries occurring in pediatric primary or permanent teeth

影响因素	组别	人数	龋齿人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	454	104(22.90)	0.37	0.54
	女	406	86(21.18)
年龄/岁	6~8	500	100(20.00)	5.04	0.02
	3~5	360	90(25.00)
居住地	城镇	498	97(19.48)	4.70	0.03
	农村	362	93(25.69)
家庭人口(独生	是	621	130(20.93)	1.74	0.19
子女)	否	239	60(25.10)
父母受教育水平	初中及以下	204	90(44.12)	75.37	< 0.01
	高中	272	53(19.48)
	大专及以上	384	47(12.24)
睡前进食	是	584	145(24.83)	7.91	0.01
	否	276	45(16.30)
喜食甜食	是	641	160(24.96)	12.03	< 0.01
	否	219	30(13.70)
开始刷牙年龄/岁	>4	515	115(22.33)	9.30	< 0.01
	2~4	238	65(27.31)
	< 2	107	10(9.35)
每日刷牙频次	>1次	142	34(23.94)	7.64	0.01
	1次	374	66(17.64)
	不刷牙	344	90(26.16)
父母辅助刷牙	是	647	59(9.11)	255.47	< 0.01
	否	213	131(61.50)
定期口腔检查	是	598	43(7.19)	253.27	< 0.01
	否	262	147(56.11)
父母是否接受过	是	247	36(14.57)	11.38	< 0.01
口腔健康指导	否	613	154(25.12)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 是否患龋齿儿童颌骨结构参数比较x±s), (°)]

Table 2. Comparison of jaw structural parameters in children with or without dental caries x±s), (°)]

组别	人数	SNA	SNB	ANB	FH-MP	SN-MP	Ptm-ANS
非龋齿组	670	81.52±3.16	80.54±1.52	1.92±0.25	31.52±1.62	33.63±3.41	50.72±1.68
龋齿组	190	78.62±2.11	79.35±1.02	1.68±0.32	30.69±0.45	32.15±3.02	48.62±1.21
t值		78.62	79.35	10.94	30.69	32.15	48.62
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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