天津市中学生脊柱侧弯流行特征及影响因素分析

张献伟; 孙志颖; 刘忠慧; 冯宝佳; 徐渴

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.025

天津市中学生脊柱侧弯流行特征及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.025

天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与学校卫生研究所, 300011

基金项目:

天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目流行病学(非传染病预防与控制)资助项目 TJYXZDXK-051A

详细信息

作者简介:
张献伟(1992-), 男, 安徽阜阳人, 硕士, 主管医师, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:
刘忠慧, E-mailLliuzhonghui@tj.gov.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G478 R726.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-06
- 修回日期: 2022-09-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Tianjin

Institute of Environmental and School Health, Tianjin Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin(300011), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解天津市中学生脊柱侧弯发生率及影响因素, 为脊柱弯曲异常防治工作提供科学依据。方法分层整群随机抽取天津市62所中学(初中35所, 高中27所)21 679名中学生, 开展脊柱侧弯筛查并完成相关调查问卷。结果天津市中学生脊柱侧弯检出率为4.00%, 女生(5.13%)高于男生(2.94%), 职业高中(5.96%)高于普通高中(4.98%)和初中学生(3.00%), 差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为67.56, 71.46, P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示, 性别、片区、学段、每周体育课节数、每天白天户外活动时长、过去1周≥60 min中高强度运动天数与脊柱侧弯的检出率有关(OR=0.12~1.95, P值均 < 0.05)。结论天津市中学生脊柱侧弯检出率在性别、片区、学段方面差异有统计学意义, 需要多关注女生、高中生和经济中等片区学校学生; 脊柱侧弯的预防应考虑运动时间和运动强度、运动方式的综合影响。
- 脊柱侧凸 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Tianjin, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis. Methods Based on stratified cluster random sampling method, 21 679 middle school students from 62 middle schools (35 middle schools and 27 high schools) in Tianjin were selected for scoliosis screening and completed relevant questionnaires. Results The prevalence of scoliosis in middle school students in Tianjin was 4.00%, with girls (5.13%) higher than that in boys (2.94%), vocational high school (5.96%) higher than that in ordinary senior high school (4.98%) and junior high school (3.00%), the differences were statistically significant (χ²=67.56, 71.46, P < 0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that gender, district, school segment, number of physical educaiotn (PE) classes per week, outdoor activity time per day, and days of 60 minutes or more of moderate and vigorous exercise per day in a week were related to the detection rate of scoliosis (OR=0.12-1.95, P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Tianjin varies in gender, resident area and school level, so more attention should be paid to girls, high school students and students in middle economic area.Comprehensive efforts should incorporate duration, intensity and type of physical exercise.
- Scoliosis /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别中学生脊柱侧弯检出率比较

Table 1. Comparision of the detection rates of scoliosis of different groups

组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
城郊	城区	12 502	488(3.90)	0.78	0.38
	郊县	9 177	380(4.14)
片区	好片	10 884	465(4.27)	22.51	< 0.01
	中片	5 770	259(4.49)
	差片	5 025	144(2.87)
年龄/岁	11~ < 14	6 831	197(2.88)	33.44	< 0.01
	14~ < 17	10 798	498(4.61)
	17~≤21	4 050	173(4.27)
学段	初中	11 787	354(3.00)	71.46	< 0.01
	普通高中	7 746	386(4.98)
	职业高中	2 146	128(5.96)
性别	男	11 129	327(2.94)	67.56	< 0.01
	女	10 550	541(5.13)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 天津市中学生脊柱侧弯单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of the detection rates of scoliosis in different groups in Tianjin

因素	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
每周体育课节数/节	0~2	2 462	70(2.84)	47.29	< 0.01
	3~4	9 473	487(5.14)
	≥5	9 101	309(3.40)
每天白天户外活动时长/h	< 1	4 861	202(4.16)	12.37	0.01
	1~ < 2	8 455	289(3.42)
	2~ < 3	3 244	117(3.61)
	≥3	4 053	187(4.61)
每天静坐时间/h	< 10	16 290	662(4.06)	0.92	0.34
	≥10	3 320	147(4.43)
过去1周≥60 min中高强度	0~2	5 928	278(4.69)	24.76	< 0.01
运动天数/d	3~5	6 501	304(4.68)
	6~7	8 614	284(3.30)
是否使用双肩背包	是	20 868	836(4.01)	0.16	0.69
	否	744	32(4.30)
与脊柱弯曲相关的读写姿势	良好	9 732	393(4.04)	0.04	0.84
	较差	11 927	475(3.98)
书包重量	轻	352	14(3.98)	1.62	0.45
	中	13 893	557(4.01)
	重	5 206	230(4.42)
注：所有变量均有缺失值；()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 天津市中学生脊柱侧弯影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=21 679)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the influe- ncing factors of scoliosis in middle school students in Tianjin (n=21 679)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女	0.52	0.08	46.27	< 0.01	1.68(1.44~1.95)
片区	中片	-1.37	0.25	30.27	< 0.01	0.25(0.16~0.41)
	差片	-2.11	0.28	59.05	< 0.01	0.12(0.07~0.21)
学段	普通高中	0.50	0.11	19.70	< 0.01	1.65(1.32~2.07)
	职业高中	0.67	0.14	21.92	< 0.01	1.95(1.47~2.58)
每周体育课	3~4	0.40	0.14	7.89	0.01	1.49(1.13~1.97)
节数/节	≥5	0.40	0.15	6.77	0.01	1.49(1.10~2.01)
每天白天户外活动	1~ < 2	-0.20	0.09	4.60	< 0.05	0.82(0.68~0.98)
时长/h	2~ < 3	-0.12	0.12	1.06	0.30	0.88(0.70~1.12)
	≥3	0.13	0.11	1.44	0.23	1.13(0.92~1.39)
过去1周≥60 min	3~5	-0.05	0.09	0.35	0.56	0.95(0.80~1.13)
中高强度运动	6~7	-0.22	0.09	5.54	< 0.05	0.80(0.67~0.96)
天数/d

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