中小学生注意偏向和焦虑抑郁情绪与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系

刘俊巧; 张雨青

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.016

中小学生注意偏向和焦虑抑郁情绪与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.016

刘俊巧^{1, 2},
张雨青^1, ,

1.
中国科学院心理研究所, 北京100101
2.
中国科学院大学心理学系

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 71073156

详细信息

作者简介:
刘俊巧(1990-), 女, 北京市人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为发展与教育心理学

通讯作者:
张雨青, E-mail: zhangyq@psych.ac.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 R179 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-17
- 修回日期: 2022-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25

Relationship between attentional bias, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in primary and middle school students

LIU Junqiao^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yuqing^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (100101), China

摘要

摘要: 目的考察新冠肺炎疫情暴发后消极注意偏向与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状在抑郁、焦虑负向情绪作用下的关系，为中小学校开展心理教育提供科学依据。方法 2021年3—4月，采用方便整群方法抽取北京、山西、湖南、山东、河北、湖北省的小学六年级至初三708名学生，采用事件冲击量表(儿童版)、中文版积极/消极注意偏向量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表进行问卷调查。结果中小学生PTSD共检出242名，检出率为34.2%。男生在闯入、高唤醒维度上得分(7.92±5.33, 8.60±5.41)低于女生(8.72±4.85, 9.50±4.76)，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.04，-2.32，P值均 < 0.05)；不同年级中小学生在消极注意偏向、事件冲动量表总分及闯入、回避、高唤醒维度得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.57，5.99，4.45，4.60，7.40，P值均＜0.05)；消极注意偏向、焦虑、抑郁与PTSD症状之间均呈正相关(r=0.27~0.84，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，焦虑(OR=1.13，95%CI=1.06~1.20)和消极注意偏向(OR=1.10，95%CI=1.07~1.12)与中小学生的PTSD症状呈正相关(P值均＜0.01)。结论中小学生负向情绪中的焦虑、抑郁影响消极注意偏向，同时加重创伤后应激障碍症状。调整好学生的情绪有助于减轻创伤后应激反应。
- 焦虑 /
- 抑郁 /
- 注意力 /
- 应激障碍, 创伤后 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between negative attentional bias and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in the context of higher depression and anxiety symptoms after the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide scientific basis for mental health education in primary and secondary schools. Methods From March to April 2021, a total of 708 students from primary school and junior high school (grade 6 through grade 9) in Beijing, Shanxi, Hunan, Shandong, Hebei, Hubei of China were selected. The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES), the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNI)and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) were used in a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 242 students were diagnosed with PTSD, and the detection rate was 34.2%.The scores of intrusion and high arousal of boys(7.92±5.33, 8.60±5.41) were lower than those of girls(8.72±4.85, 9.50±4.76), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.04, -2.32, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences of negative attention bias, CRIES score, intrusion, debarb and high arousal among primary and middle school students of different grades (F=3.57, 5.99, 4.45, 4.60, 7.40, P < 0.05). Negative attention bias, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms were significantly positively correlated (r=0.27-0.84, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.06-1.20) and negative attention bias (OR=1.10, 95%CI=1.07-1.12) were positively associated with PTSD symptoms in primary and middle school students(P < 0.01). Conclusion Anxiety and depressive symptoms show impacts on negative attention bias and might exacerbate the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, emotional adjustments can help reduce the post-traumatic stress response in the post-epidemic period.
- Anxiety /
- Depression /
- Attention /
- Stress diorders, post-traumatic /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同性别不同年级PTSD学生CRIES总分及各维度得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of CRIES scores and each dimension of students with PTSD in different gender and grade(x±s)

性别与年级	选项	人数	统计值	CRIES总分	闯入	回避	高唤醒
性别	男	111		39.24±7.65	12.81±4.23	12.87±4.27	13.56±4.53
	女	131		38.63±7.55	13.03±3.97	11.92±4.45	13.68±3.24
			t值	0.62	-0.42	1.70	-0.24
年级	小学六年级	31		36.81±7.72	11.99±4.36	12.83±4.01	11.99±4.98
	初一	103		40.96±8.04	14.32±4.00	13.08±4.27	13.56±3.67
	初二	24		38.92±7.83	11.83±3.67	11.88±5.05	15.21±4.82
	初三	84		37.16±6.25	11.88±3.75	11.43±4.35	13.85±3.14
			F值	5.02^**	7.51^**	2.44	3.40^*
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 2 不同性别不同年级学生消极注意偏向与CRIES得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of negative attention bias and CRIES scores in different gender and grade students(x±s)

性别与年级	选项	人数	统计值	消极注意偏向	CRIES总分	闯入	回避	高唤醒
性别	男	323		32.76±9.66	24.0±13.79	7.92±5.33	7.51±5.63	8.60±5.41
	女	385		33.38±8.39	25.3±12.46	8.72±4.85	7.10±5.23	9.50±4.76
			t值	-0.91	-1.29	-2.04	1.00	-2.32
			P值	0.37	0.40	0.04	0.32	0.02
年级	小学六年级	101		30.97±9.02	24.23±11.77	7.99±4.85	8.11±5.08	8.14±4.94
	初一	290		33.53±9.61	25.11±14.47	8.77±5.72	7.30±5.81	9.04±5.06
	初二	102		31.93±8.45	20.11±13.40	6.79±4.58	5.58±5.19	7.74±5.88
	初三	215		34.07±8.16	26.63±10.95	8.72±4.33	7.68±4.96	10.23±4.52
			F值	3.57	5.99	4.45	4.60	7.40
			P值	0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计		708		33.10±8.99	24.73±13.09	8.36±5.09	7.28±5.42	9.09±5.08

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表 3 不同性别不同年级学生焦虑抑郁及PTSD检出率比较

Table 3. Comparison of anxiety, depression and PTSD detection rate among different gender and grade students

性别与年级		人数	统计值	焦虑	抑郁	PTSD
性别	男	323		203(62.8)	183(56.7)	111(34.4)
	女	385		248(64.4)	155(40.3)	131(34.0)
			χ²值	0.19	708.00^**	0.37
年级	小学六年级	101		65(64.4)	48(47.5)	31(30.7)
	初一	290		180(62.1)	135(46.6)	103(35.5)
	初二	102		44(43.1)	40(39.2)	24(23.5)
	初三	215		162(75.3)	115(53.5)	84(39.1)
			χ²值	31.62^**	5.98	8.20^*
注： * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01；()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 4 中小学生注意偏向、焦虑、抑郁及PTSD症状的相关系数(r值，n=708)

Table 4. Correlation coefficent of attentional bias, anxiety depression and post-traumatic stress response among primary and middle primary school students(r, n=708)

变量	PTSD症状	焦虑	抑郁	闯入	回避	高唤醒
焦虑	0.49
抑郁	0.44	0.82
闯入	0.83	0.40	0.36
回避	0.84	0.33	0.27	0.57
高唤醒	0.83	0.51	0.48	0.58	0.53
消极注意偏向	0.49	0.49	0.48	0.42	0.33	0.48
注： P值均 < 0.01。

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