Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing
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摘要:
目的 了解北京市6~14岁儿童课余身体活动、静态行为及睡眠时间现状，为指导学龄儿童合理进行身体活动及制定有效干预措施提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，抽取北京市3 460名一、三、五及七年级中小学生进行营养与健康状况调查。通过问卷调查收集儿童及家庭的基本信息和儿童的身体活动、静态行为及睡眠等活动信息，并进行统计分析。 结果 儿童每日课余身体活动(LTPA)时间的中位数为20.0(8.6, 38.6)min，郊区(18.6 min)和七年级儿童(14.3 min)相比城区及其他年级儿童LTPA时间更短(Z/H值分别为5.12，119.11，P值均 < 0.01)。儿童平均每日睡眠时间为(8.71±0.76)h，睡眠不足的儿童占比54.7%，随着年级的增加，睡眠不足发生率显著增加(χ2=407.13，P < 0.01)。学生每日静态行为时长中位数为195.7(145.0, 255.7)min，84.5%的儿童每天有超过2 h的静态行为，城区(202.9 min)和肥胖儿童(210.4 min)相比郊区和其他体型儿童静态行为时间更长；且随着年级的升高，儿童每天的静态行为时长逐渐增加(Z/H值分别为5.04，14.83，637.98，P值均 < 0.01)。 结论 北京市6~14岁儿童课余身体活动时间较少，静态行为时间过长、睡眠不足的现象普遍存在；年级是儿童身体活动、静态行为及睡眠时间的重要因素，且儿童体型可能与其静态行为时长及睡眠时间相关。建议对不同年级儿童采取有针对性政策增加其身体活动，减少静态行为，以促进其健康发展。 Abstract:Objective To describe the current situation of leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing, and provide a reference basis for guiding school-age children to carry out reasonable physical activities and formulating effective intervention measures. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the nutritional and health status of 3 460 students in the first, third, fifth and seventh grades. Through the questionnaire surveys, the basic information of children and families and the activity information of children' physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The results showed that the median time of children' daily leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was 20.0 (8.6, 38.6) min, children in suburb areas (18.6 min) and seventh grade (14.3 min) had shorter LTPA time(Z/H=5.12, 119.11, P < 0.01). The average daily sleep duration of children was (8.71 ± 0.76) h, the proportion of school-age children with insufficient sleep reached 54.7%. With an increase in grades, the incidence of insufficient sleep increased significantly (χ2=407.13, P < 0.01). The median daily sedentary time of children was 195.7(145.0, 255.7) min, and 84.5% of children engaged in more than two hours of sedentary behavior every day. Urban (202.9 min) and obese children (210.4 min) had longer sedentary behavior time, and with the increase in grade, the daily sedentary behavior time of children gradually increased (Z/H=5.04, 14.83, 637.98, P < 0.01). Conclusion Children and adolescents aged 6-14 years in Beijing have less LTPA time, too much sedentary time, and insufficient sleep duration. Grade is an important factor affecting physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children, and body shape may be related to their sedentary behavior and sleep time.It is suggested that targeted policies should be adopted for children of different grades to increase their physical activity and reduce their sedentary behavior to promote their healthy development. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Behavior /
- Sleep /
- Analysis of variance /
- Child
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别学龄儿童每天LTPA时间比较[M(P25, P75)，min]
Table 1. Comparison of daily LTPA time among different groups of school-age children[M(P25, P75), min]
组别 选项 人数 LTPA时间 Z/H值 P值 性别 男 1 631 20.7(8.6, 40.0) 1.08 0.28 女 1 557 20.0(8.6, 37.1) 年级 一 867 23.6(12.9, 42.9) 119.11 < 0.01 三 744 21.4(8.9, 42.9) 五 793 20.7(8.6, 42.9) 七 783 14.3(4.3, 30.0) 地区 城区 1 225 21.4(10.7, 42.9) 5.12 < 0.01 郊区 1 963 18.6(8.6, 36.4) 家庭人均年收入/万元 < 2 295 17.1(6.4, 34.3) 52.09 < 0.01 2~ < 4 450 17.1(7.1, 31.6) 4~ < 7 682 20.0(8.6, 34.3) ≥7 1 339 22.1(11.4, 42.9) 不清楚 422 17.1 (8.6, 37.1) 看护者文化程度 初中及以下 449 17.1(6.4, 36.1) 76.81 < 0.01 高中/中专/技校 598 17.1(7.1, 30.0) 大专/职大 649 17.1(6.4, 34.3) 大学本科 1 125 21.4(11.1, 42.9) 研究生及以上 366 25.7(12.9, 47.1) 体型 消瘦 273 21.4(8.6, 42.9) 1.89 0.60 正常 1 765 20.0(8.6, 38.6) 超重 493 20.0(8.6, 38.6) 肥胖 599 21.4(8.6, 37.1) 注：部分项目有缺失值。 
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表 2 不同组别学龄儿童每天LTPA水平分布比较
Table 2. Comparison of daily LTPA levels among different groups of school-age children
组别 选项 人数 低 高 χ2值 P值 性别 男 1 631 811(49.7) 820(50.3) 0.13 0.72 女 1 557 784(50.4) 773(49.6) 年级 一 867 371(42.8) 496(57.2) 69.62 < 0.01 三 744 342(45.9) 402(54.1) 五 793 395(49.8) 398(50.2) 七 783 487(62.2) 296(37.8) 地区 城区 1 225 557(45.5) 668(54.5) 16.56 < 0.01 郊区 1 963 1 038(52.9) 925(47.1) 家庭人均年收入/万元 < 2 295 160(54.2) 135(45.8) 35.45 < 0.01 2~ < 4 450 260(57.8) 190(42.2) 4~ < 7 682 349(51.2) 333(48.8) ≥7 1 339 593(44.3) 746(55.7) 不清楚 422 233(55.2) 189(44.8) 看护者文化程度 初中及以下 449 246(54.8) 203(45.2) 48.61 < 0.01 高中/中专/技校 598 340(56.9) 258(43.1) 大专/职大 649 358(55.2) 291(44.8) 大学本科 1 125 504(44.8) 621(55.2) 研究生及以上 366 147(40.2) 219(59.8) 体型 消瘦 273 129(47.3) 144(52.7) 1.05 0.79 正常 1 765 886(50.2) 879(49.8) 超重 493 251(50.9) 242(49.1) 肥胖 599 292(49.6) 302(50.4) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%；部分项目有缺失值。
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表 3 不同组别学龄儿童每天睡眠时间比较(x±s，h)
Table 3. Comparison of daily sleep time of school-age children in different groups(x±s, h)
组别 选项 人数 睡眠时间 t/F值 P值 性别 男 1 752 8.70±0.73 -0.32 0.75 女 1 687 8.71±0.79 地区 城区 1 331 8.74±0.74 1.83 0.07 郊区 2 108 8.69±0.77 年级 一 905 9.04±0.60 287.99 < 0.01 三 813 8.89±0.64 五 869 8.74±0.71 七 852 8.15±0.75 体型 消瘦 298 8.85±0.70 3.56 0.01 正常 1 894 8.71±0.76 超重 530 8.68±0.75 肥胖 652 8.70±0.78 注：部分项目有缺失值。
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表 4 不同组别学龄儿童每天睡眠不足发生率比较
Table 4. Comparison of the distribution of daily sleep time of school-age children in different groups
组别 选项 人数 睡眠不足人数 χ2值 P值 性别 男 1 752 953(54.4) 3.51 0.17 女 1 687 929(55.1) 地区 城区 1 331 697(52.4) 5.15 0.08 郊区 2 108 1 185(56.2) 年级 一 905 306(33.8) 407.13 < 0.01 三 813 380(46.7) 五 869 521(60.0) 七 852 675(79.2) 体型 消瘦 298 134(45.0) 14.66 < 0.01 正常 1 894 1 045(55.2) 超重 530 300(56.6) 肥胖 652 360(55.2) 注： ()内数字为发生率/%；部分项目有缺失值。
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表 5 不同组别学龄儿童每天静态行为时间比较[M(P25, P75)，min]
Table 5. Comparison of daily sedentary behavior time among different groups of school-age children[M(P25, P75), min]
组别 选项 人数 统计值 屏幕时间 纸质阅读 作业 静态辅导班 其他 合计 性别 男 1 645 48.6(30.0, 77.1) 28.6(12.9, 38.6) 71.4(42.9, 115.7) 12.9(0.0, 32.1) 10.0(0.0, 27.1) 195.0(145.4, 252.5) 女 1 580 44.3(28.6, 68.6) 30.0(14.3, 38.6) 77.1(48.6, 120.0) 12.9(0.0, 38.6) 12.9(0.0, 30.0) 196.4(144.3, 258.6) Z值 4.03 1.01 3.31 0.71 3.23 0.68 P值 < 0.01 0.31 < 0.01 0.48 < 0.01 0.50 城郊 城区 1 227 38.6(25.7, 64.3) 30.0(15.7, 38.6) 77.1(51.4, 120.0) 25.7(6.4, 38.6) 12.9(0.0, 30.0) 202.9(155.0, 264.3) 郊区 1 998 50.7(31.4, 77.1) 25.7(10.0, 38.6) 70.0(42.9, 120.0) 6.4(0.0, 25.7) 10.0(0.0, 25.7) 190.0(138.4, 248.6) Z值 7.70 4.96 2.98 15.48 3.28 5.04 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 年级 一 865 38.6(25.7, 64.3) 20.0(10.0, 30.0) 40.0(30.0, 60.0) 12.9(0.0, 25.7) 7.1(0.0, 22.9) 140.7(102.1, 188.6) 三 772 41.4(27.9, 71.4) 30.0(17.1, 38.6) 73.6(57.1, 102.9) 19.3(0.0, 38.6) 10.0(0.0, 30.0) 195.7(155.7, 247.0) 五 800 51.4(31.4, 77.1) 30.0(17.1, 38.6) 77.1(54.6, 115.7) 12.9(0.0, 38.6) 11.1(0.0, 30.0) 210.4(165.7, 264.3) 七 788 51.4(32.9, 77.1) 30.0(8.6, 38.6) 120.0(77.1, 154.3) 0.0(0.0, 25.7) 14.3(0.0, 30.0) 240.0(188.6, 295.5) H值 65.50 95.68 920.53 78.43 40.18 637.98 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 体型 消瘦 281 41.8(26.1, 68.6) 24.3(10.0, 38.6) 60.0(34.6, 90.0) 12.9(0.0, 32.1) 12.9(0.0, 30.0) 175.7(125.0, 230.0) 正常 1 781 45.7(28.6, 71.4) 30.0(14.3, 38.6) 77.1(45.7, 120.0) 12.9(0.0, 38.6) 10.0(0.0, 30.0) 195.0(145.7, 257.1) 超重 491 47.1(29.5, 72.5) 30.0(15.7, 38.6) 77.1(51.4, 120.0) 12.9(0.0, 25.7) 10.0(0.0, 24.3) 190.0(144.3, 248.6) 肥胖 611 51.4(31.4, 78.6) 28.9(12.9, 38.6) 77.1(45.7, 120.0) 12.9(0.0, 25.7) 10.0(0.0, 29.6) 210.4(157.0, 260.5) H值 16.33 7.01 25.07 3.00 5.51 14.83 P值 < 0.01 0.07 < 0.01 0.39 0.14 < 0.01 注：部分项目有缺失值。
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表 6 不同组别学龄儿童每天静态行为水平分布比较
Table 6. Comparison of the distribution of daily sedentary behavior levels among different groups of school-age children
组别 选项 人数 低 中等 高 χ2值 P值 性别 男 1 645 558(33.9) 555(33.7) 532(32.3) 1.03 0.30 女 1 580 520(32.9) 518(32.8) 542(34.3) 城郊 城区 1 227 354(28.9) 415(33.8) 458(37.3) 4.69 < 0.01 郊区 1 998 724(36.2) 658(32.9) 616(30.8) 年级 一 865 545(63.0) 219(25.3) 101(11.7) 607.49 < 0.01 三 772 226(29.3) 314(40.7) 232(30.1) 五 800 190(23.8) 299(37.4) 311(38.9) 七 788 117(14.8) 241(30.6) 430(54.6) 体型 消瘦 281 122(43.4) 86(30.6) 73(26.0) 20.99 < 0.01 正常 1 781 574(32.2) 583(32.7) 624(35.0) 超重 491 175(35.6) 163(33.2) 153(31.2) 肥胖 611 186(30.4) 223(36.5) 202(33.1) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%；部分项目有缺失值。
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