恩施市贫困农村中小学生2012—2021年维生素A和维生素D营养状况及与身高的相关性

程茅伟; 张杰; 彭飞; 刘爽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.009

恩施市贫困农村中小学生2012—2021年维生素A和维生素D营养状况及与身高的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.009

程茅伟¹,
张杰²,
彭飞¹,
刘爽^1, ,

1.
湖北省疾病预防控制中心卫生监测所, 武汉 430079
2.
恩施市疾病预防控制中心办公室

基金项目:

"达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金"资助项目 DIC2022-08

详细信息

作者简介:
程茅伟(1975- ), 男, 安徽潜山人, 博士, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为学生营养

通讯作者:
刘爽, E-mail: 27248145@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R151 R153.2 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2022-10-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25

Nutritional status on vitamin A, vitamin D and its relation with height among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Enshi from 2012 to 2021

1.
Institute for Health Surveillance, Hubei Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan(430079), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解湖北省贫困农村中小学生体格、维生素A和维生素D营养状况，评估2012—2021年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(简称“计划”)的实施效果，为制订学生营养改善措施提供依据。方法在湖北省实施“计划”的重点监测地区恩施市，选取2 554名小学和初中生，2012—2021年每年9—10月对学生测量身高，同时采集空腹静脉血检测血清维生素A和维生素D。结果 2012—2021年，“计划”地区6~15岁学生身高，血清维生素A、D上升幅度分别为2.7 cm、96.7 μg/L和8.6 ng/mL；生长迟滞率下降幅度为1.0%；血清维生素A亚临床缺乏率、临床缺乏率下降幅度分别为37.3%和6.2%；血清维生素D亚临床缺乏率、临床缺乏率下降幅度分别为45.7%和8.5%。身高与血清维生素A呈正相关，与血清维生素D呈负相关(偏相关系数r值分别为0.08，-0.08，P值均 < 0.01)。结论恩施市“计划”地区的学生体格、维生素A和D营养状况得到改善，但亚临床缺乏仍存在较高比例；血清维生素A与身高呈正相关，维生素D与身高呈负相关。建议持续推进湖北省贫困农村地区学生“计划”工作，加大针对性的学生营养干预工作力度。
- 维生素A /
- 维生素D /
- 营养状况 /
- 身高 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of physical development, vitamin A and vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas in Hubei, to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (abbreviated to the program) from 2012 to 2021. Methods In Enshi City, a pilot monitoring county of the program in Hubei, and a total of 2 554 students from one primary school and one junior middle school were randomly selected. During September to October in 2012-2021, height was measured, and fasting venous blood was collected from students, and serum vitamin A and vitamin D were detected. Results From 2012 to 2021, height, serum vitamin A and serum vitamin D concentration increased by 2.7 cm, 96.7 μg/L and 8.6 ng/mL. Growth retardation rate decreased by 1.0%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin A decreased by 37.3% and 6.2%. The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin D decreased by 45.7% and 8.5%. Height was positively correlated with serum vitamin A status and negatively correlated with serum vitamin D status (r=0.08, -0.08, P < 0.01). Conclusion The pilot counties of the program in Enshi, has witnessed improvement in height, serum vitamin A and vitamin D status among primary and secondary students. However, future efforts remains essential as subclinical deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin D are noted in some students. Serum vitamin A is positively associated with height, and vitamin D is negatively associated with height.Considering the correlation between serum vitamin A and vitamin D status with height, continued efforts should be implemented in poor rural areasto strengthen targeted nutrition intervention for students in Hubei.
- Vitamin A /
- Vitamin D /
- Nutritional status /
- Body height /
- Students /
- Rural population
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表 1 恩施市“计划”地区2012—2021年6~15岁学生身高、维生素A和维生素D水平(x ±s)

Table 1. Height, vitamin A and vitamin D levels of students aged 6-15 in the program area from 2012 to 2021 in Enshi City(x ±s)

组别	选项	人数	身高/ cm	血清维生素A/ (μg·L^-1)	血清25-(OH)D/ (ng·mL^-1)
性别	男	1 299	142.6±15.2	322.1±81.6	20.2±6.2
	女	1 255	141.3±14.3	334.1±81.1	17.8±5.8
年龄/岁	6~8	779	125.5±8.1	295.8±71.2	20.9±6.5
	9~11	860	141.8±8.4	328.7±81.6	18.3±5.9
	12~15	915	156.0±7.7	354.8±79.8	18.2±5.7
年份	2012	341	140.2±14.4	289.6±72.1	15.6±4.3
	2013	301	143.7±13.6	310.9±66.3	16.6±5.1
	2014	365	141.1±15.7	334.8±75.2	21.6±5.7
	2015	331	144.7±13.4	310.6±77.8	16.3±5.0
	2016	335	141.0±14.6	334.5±74.1	18.2±4.9
	2017	355	139.8±15.3	319.6±70.0	19.9±5.6
	2019	351	142.8±14.4	362.6±90.6	21.9±6.2
	2021	175	142.9±16.9	386.3±96.5	24.2±7.6
合计		2 554	141.9±14.8	328.0±81.5	19.1±6.1

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表 2 恩施市“计划”地区2012—2021年不同组别6~15岁学生体格、维生素A和维生素D营养状况

Table 2. The nutritional status of physique, vitamin A and vitamin D of students aged 6-15 in different groups of the program area from 2012 to 2021 in Enshi City

组别	选项	人数	生长迟滞	血清维生素A		血清25-(OH)D
组别	选项	人数	生长迟滞	亚临床缺乏	缺乏	亚临床缺乏	缺乏
性别	男	1 299	20(1.5)	488(37.6)	47(3.6)	657(50.6)	31(2.4)
	女	1 255	14(1.1)	409(32.6)	30(2.4)	796(63.4)	69(5.5)
年龄/岁	6~8	779	13(1.7)	397(51.0)	43(5.5)	368(47.2)	13(1.7)
	9~11	860	8(0.9)	290(33.7)	25(2.9)	509(59.2)	48(5.6)
	12~15	915	13(1.4)	210(23.0)	9(1.0)	576(63.0)	39(4.3)
年份	2012	341	7(2.1)	176(51.6)	27(7.9)	257(75.4)	31(9.1)
	2013	301	2(0.7)	132(43.9)	7(2.3)	227(75.4)	18(6.0)
	2014	365	15(4.1)	117(32.1)	5(1.4)	152(41.6)	1(0.3)
	2015	331	1(0.3)	126(38.1)	13(3.9)	226(68.3)	31(9.4)
	2016	335	1(0.3)	96(28.7)	8(2.4)	211(63.0)	7(2.1)
	2017	355	2(0.6)	139(39.2)	8(2.3)	190(53.5)	7(2.0)
	2019	351	4(1.1)	86(24.5)	6(1.7)	138(39.3)	4(1.1)
	2021	175	2(1.1)	25(14.3)	3(1.7)	52(29.7)	1(0.6)
合计		2 554	34(1.3)	897(35.1)	77(3.0)	1 453(56.9)	100(3.9)
注： ( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 恩施市“计划”地区2012—2021年6~15岁学生身高、维生素A和维生素D的偏相关性

Table 3. The partial correlation between height, vitamin A and vitamin D of students aged 6-15 in the program area from 2012 to 2021 in Enshi City

年份	人数	r₁值	r₂值	r₃值
2012	341	0.13^*	-0.01	0.10
2013	301	-0.06	-0.15^*	0.15^**
2014	365	0.03	-0.07	0.23^**
2015	331	0.03	-0.11	0.17^**
2016	335	0.19^**	-0.05	0.14^**
2017	355	0.14^**	-0.05	0.25^**
2019	351	0.14^**	0.03	0.18^**
2021	175	0.02	-0.00	0.25^**
合计	2 554	0.08^**	-0.08^**	0.30^**
注： r₁值为维生素A与身高的偏相关系数、r₂值为维生素D与身高的偏相关系数、r₃值为维生素A与维生素D的偏相关系数；P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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