24 h活动行为与小学生身体素质的关系

张涵敏; 张婷; 武宝爱; 郜艳晖; 李红娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.004

24 h活动行为与小学生身体素质的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.01.004

1.
北京体育大学运动人体科学学院/运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室, 北京 100084
2.
山西大学体育学院
3.
暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院医学统计学教研室

基金项目:

北京市教育科学"十三五"规划2019年度重点课题项目 BEAA19045

中央高校基本科研业务费校自主课题项目 2022YB010

详细信息

作者简介:
张涵敏(1998- ), 女, 江苏苏州人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为青少年体力活动与身体素质

通讯作者:
李红娟, E-mail: janerobin@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 G804.49 G627.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-18
- 修回日期: 2022-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-25

Relationship between 24-hour movement behavior and physical fitness among pupils

1.
School of Sport Science/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing(100084), China

摘要

摘要: 目的使用成分数据分析方法探究小学生24 h活动行为与身体素质之间的关系，为促进儿童青少年身体活动(PA)水平、提高身体素质提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法选取太原市迎泽区第二实验小学120名四、五年级的学生为研究对象，采用《国家体育锻炼标准工作指导手册》指标和20 m折返跑评价小学生身体素质，采用加速度计结合问卷调查24 h活动行为，通过成分多元线性回归分析各行为与各体质指标的关系，探讨成分等时替代的效应。结果女生1 min仰卧起坐成绩[(24.79±7.77)个]低于男生[(28.21±6.52)个]，坐位体前屈成绩高于男生[9.00(5.00，14.00), 5.20(1.00，9.75)cm](t/Z值分别为2.60，-3.15，P值均 < 0.05)。男生呈现较高的低强度身体活动(LPA)、中高强度身体活动(MVPA)和较低的静坐行为(SB)，女生则为较低的LPA、MVPA和较高的SB。小学生MVPA与30 s跳绳、20 m折返跑成绩呈正相关(β值分别为13.19，7.90，P值均 < 0.05)。睡眠(SLP)、SB、LPA与体质指标关联均无统计学意义。将10 min MVPA重新分配给SB、SLP时，30 s跳绳和20 m折返跑成绩分别上升2.25，2.28个和1.28，1.34次，反向替代则显著下降(P值均 < 0.05)。MVPA替代LPA时，20 m折返跑成绩上升1.46次，反向替代则显著下降(P值均 < 0.05)。结论 MVPA与小学生速度、耐力素质呈正相关，24 h活动行为模式和身体素质存在性别差异。应鼓励儿童特别是女生提高运动意识，增加PA尤其是MVPA。
- 运动活动 /
- 身体素质 /
- 成分数据分析 /
- 等时替代 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To examine the relationship between 24-hour movement behavior and physical fitness of pupils by using compositional analyses, so as to provide a theoretical basis for physical activity promotion and physical fitness improvement. Methods By random cluster sampling method, 120 students of grade 4 and 5 from the Second Experimental Primary School of Yingze District of Taiyuan were selected. Physical fitness was evaluated by the indicators of the Protocol of National Physical Training Standard and 20-meter shuttle run. The movement behavior was measured by accelerometer. The relationship between each behavior and physical fitness was analysed by component multiple linear regression, and the effect of replacement of components on physical fitness was discussed. Results Girls' 1-minute sit-ups were lower than boys(24.79±7.77, 28.21±6.52), and sitting forward flexion was higher than boys[9.00(5.00, 14.00), 5.20(1.00, 9.75)cm](t/Z=2.60, -3.15, P < 0.05). Boys showed higher light physical activity(LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and lower sedentary behavior(SB), while girls showed lower LPA, MVPA and higher SB. MVPA was positively correlated with the performance of 30-second rope skipping and 20-meter shuttle run (β=13.19, 7.90, P < 0.05). Sleep(SLP), SB, and LPA were not significantly correlated with physical fitness. After re-allocating 10-min MVPA to SB and SLP, the performance of 30-second rope skipping and 20-meter shuttle run increased by 2.25, 2.28 and 1.28, 1.34 times, respectively, while significantly decreased after reverse reallocation (P < 0.05). MVPA replaced LPA, the 20-meter shuttle run performance increased 1.46 times, while decreased significantly in reverses (P < 0.05). Conclusion MVPA is positively correlated with the speed and endurance of pupils. There are gender differences in movement behavior patterns and physical fitness. Children, especially girls, should be encouraged to raise exercise awareness and increase PA, especially MVPA.
- Motor activity /
- Physical fitness /
- Compositional data analysis /
- Isotemporal substitution /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同性别小学生身体形态和身体素质指标比较(x ±s)

Table 1. Comparison of body shape and physical fitness of pupils among primary students of different genders(x ±s)

性别	人数	身高/cm	体重/kg	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	30 s跳绳/个	20 m折返跑/次	1 min仰卧起坐/个	十字象限跳/s	坐位体前屈/cm^*
男	57	145.64±6.71	40.15±9.92	18.74±3.52	53.19±18.61	22.07±11.22	28.21±6.52	34.87±8.71	5.20(1.00, 9.75)
女	63	148.51±7.35	39.57±10.78	17.73±3.59	53.25±14.34	20.51±8.87	24.79±7.77	36.22±10.27	9.00(5.00, 14.00)
t/Z值		-2.23	0.31	1.55	-0.02	0.85	2.60	-0.78	-3.15
P值		0.03	0.80	0.12	0.98	0.40	0.01	0.44	< 0.01
注：*表示采用M(P₂₅, P₇₅)描述。

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表 2 不同性别小学生24 h活动行为时间几何均值/min

Table 2. The geometric mean values of the 24-hour movement behavior among primary students of different genders/min

性别	人数	SB	LPA	MVPA	SLP
男	57	570.10(39.59)	277.34(19.26)	56.74(3.94)	535.82(37.21)
女	63	624.96(43.40)	237.74(16.51)	41.76(2.90)	535.54(37.19)
合计	120	599.04(41.60)	256.18(17.79)	48.38(3.36)	536.40(37.25)
注：( )内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 小学生24 h活动行为时间与身体素质指标的关联(n=120)

Table 3. The association between 24-hour movement behavior and physical fitness among primary students(n=120)

变量	R²值	SLP		MVPA		SB		LPA
变量	R²值	β值	Pr(>\|t\|)	β值	Pr(>\|t\|)	β值	Pr(>\|t\|)	β值	Pr(>\|t\|)
30 s跳绳	0.13	-8.13	0.24	13.19^*	0.02	-7.00	0.33	1.94	0.81
20 m折返跑	0.16	-3.15	0.44	7.90^*	0.02	0.37	0.93	-5.12	0.28
1 min仰卧起坐	0.07	-4.29	0.18	-0.41	0.88	-1.19	0.72	5.89	0.11
十字象限跳	-0.04	3.58	0.41	-2.11	0.57	-1.68	0.71	0.21	0.97
坐位体前屈	0.05	-0.96	0.74	2.10	0.39	-1.61	0.59	0.47	0.89
注：*P < 0.05；Pr(>\|t\|)相当于P值，通过R语言算出。

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表 4 24 h活动行为10 min“一对一”等时替代后小学生身体素质成绩变化情况(差值，n=120)

Table 4. Changes in physical fitness scores after "one-to-one" compositional substitution of 24-hour movement behavior for 10 min among primary students(d, n=120)

活动行为	30 s跳绳/个				20 m折返跑/次
活动行为	SB	LPA	MVPA	SLP	SB		LPA		MVPA		SLP
SB	—	0.17	2.25^*	-0.03	—		-0.18		1.28^*		-0.06
LPA	-0.17	—	2.08	-0.20	0.18		—		1.46^*		0.13
MVPA	-2.75^*	-2.58	—	-2.78^*	-1.58^*		-1.76^*		—		-1.64^*
SLP	0.03	0.20	2.28^*	—	0.06		-0.12		1.34^*		—

活动行为	1 min仰卧起坐/个				十字象限跳/s					坐位体前屈/cm
活动行为	SB	LPA	MVPA	SLP	SB	LPA	MVPA	SLP		SB	LPA	MVPA	SLP
SB	—	0.21	-0.05	-0.05	—	0.03	-0.32	0.08		—	0.04	0.37	0.01
LPA	-0.22	—	-0.27	-0.27	-0.03	—	-0.35	0.05		-0.04	—	0.33	-0.03
MVPA	0.06	0.28	—	0.01	0.40	0.43	—	0.48		-0.44	-0.41	—	-0.44
SLP	0.05	0.27	0.00	—	-0.08	-0.05	-0.40	—		-0.01	0.03	0.36	—
注：列中的活动行为时间分配至行中的活动行为；*P < 0.05。

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表 5 成对行为之间“一对一”定量替代小学生30 s跳绳和20 m折返跑成绩的效应(差值，n=120)

Table 5. The effect of "one-to-one" quantitative substitution of 30-second rope skipping and 20-meter shuttle run among primary students between component behavior(d, n=120)

替代时间/min	活动行为	30 s跳绳/个				20 m折返跑/次
替代时间/min	活动行为	SB+Δ	LPA+Δ	MVPA+Δ	SLP+Δ	SB+Δ	LPA+Δ	MVPA+Δ	SLP+Δ
2	SB-Δ	—	0.03	0.48^*	-0.01	—	-0.04	0.28^*	-0.01
	LPA-Δ	-0.03	—	0.45	-0.04	0.04	—	0.31^*	0.02
	MVPA-Δ	-0.50^*	-0.47	—	-0.51^*	-0.29^*	-0.32^*	—	-0.30^*
	SLP-Δ	0.01	0.04	0.49^*	—	0.01	-0.02	0.29^*	—
4	SB-Δ	—	0.07	0.95^*	-0.01	—	-0.07	0.54^*	-0.02
	LPA-Δ	-0.07	—	0.88	-0.08	0.07	—	0.61^*	0.05
	MVPA-Δ	-1.03^*	-0.96	—	-1.04^*	-0.59^*	-0.66^*	—	-0.61^*
	SLP-Δ	0.01	0.08	0.96^*	—	0.02	-0.05	0.56^*	—
6	SB-Δ	—	0.10	1.40^*	-0.02	—	-0.11	0.80^*	-0.03
	LPA-Δ	-0.10	—	1.30	-0.12	0.11	—	0.91^*	0.07
	MVPA-Δ	-1.57^*	-1.48	—	-1.59^*	-0.90^*	-1.01^*	—	-0.94^*
	SLP-Δ	0.02	0.12	1.42^*	—	0.03	-0.07	0.83^*	—
8	SB-Δ	—	0.13	1.83^*	-0.02	—	-0.14	1.04^*	-0.04
	LPA-Δ	-0.13	—	1.70	-0.16	0.15	—	1.19^*	0.10
	MVPA-Δ	-2.15^*	-2.02	—	-2.17^*	-1.23^*	-1.37^*	—	-1.28^*
	SLP-Δ	0.03	0.16	1.86^*	—	0.05	-0.10	1.09^*	—
10	SB-Δ	—	0.17	2.25^*	-0.03	—	-0.18	1.28^*	-0.06
	LPA-Δ	-0.17	—	2.08	-0.20	0.18	—	1.46^*	0.13
	MVPA-Δ	-2.75^*	-2.58	—	-2.78^*	-1.58^*	-1.76^*	—	-1.64^*
	SLP-Δ	0.03	0.20	2.28^*	—	0.06	-0.12	1.34^*	—
注： +Δ表示替代变量，-Δ表示被替代变量; *P < 0.05。

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