城市中学生压力源评价量表编制及信效度研究

王莉; 张淑敏; 王昱杰; 卢艳; 史慧静

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.006.018

城市中学生压力源评价量表编制及信效度研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.006.018

1.
复旦大学公共卫生学院妇幼与儿少卫生教研室，上海 200032
2.
上海市嘉定区精神卫生中心

基金项目:

上海市加强公共卫生体系建设第五轮重点学科建设项目 GWV-10.1-XK08

详细信息

作者简介:
王莉(1997-)，女，江西吉安人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学校卫生与青少年健康

通讯作者:
史慧静，E-mail：hjshi@fudan.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-25
- 修回日期: 2023-01-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Reliability and validity assessment of Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students

1.
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai(200032), China

摘要

摘要: 目的编制适用于当代城市中学生、具有良好信效度的压力源评价量表，为研究中学生心理压力及相关因素提供工具。方法根据量表编制理论和流程，结合已有的青少年生活事件或压力源量表，形成城市中学生压力源条目池，在上海市2个区的393名中学生中实施预调查，进行项目分析和评价维度确定。再经分层整群抽样选取上海市11个区的2 949名学生进行量表的验证性因子分析。结果最终形成28个条目的“城市中学生压力源评价量表”，学业压力、自我身心压力、人际压力和家庭压力4个分维度分别包含8，7，7，6个条目，量表总体的Cronbach α系数为0.94，Guttman分半信度为0.88，重测信度0.68。验证性因子分析显示，近似误差均方根(RMSEA)和标准化残差均方根(SRMR)均 < 0.08，拟合度指标在0.8以上。结论编制的“城市中学生压力源评价量表”信效度良好，模型拟合优度理想，适用于城市中学生。
- 压力 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 访谈法 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To formulate an evaluation scale on daily stressors with good reliability and validity for urban secondary school students, and to provide a tool for psychological stress assessment. Methods Based on steps of instrument development, a pool of items regarding the daily stressors of junior/senior high school students was constructed by combining existing scales of adolescent life events or stressors, and a preliminary survey was conducted for items analysis and dimension evaluation among 393 middle and high school students in 2 districts of Shanghai. Then confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was conducted among 2 949 students collected by stratified cluster sampling from 11 districts in Shanghai. Results The final 28-item daily stressors evaluation scale for urban secondary school students, with an overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94, consists of 8, 7, 7, and 6 items for the four dimensions of academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress and family stress, respectively. The Guttman's split-half reliability was 0.88, and the test-retest reliability was 0.68. Total scores of the 28 items reflect general psychological stress level of participants, with higher scores representing higher stress intensity. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) were both less than 0.08, while all fit indexes were above 0.8. Conclusion The Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students, with good reliability, validity and model goodness of fit, can be applicable for urban secondary school students.
- Pressure /
- Mental health /
- Interview method /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 预调查数据平行分析

Figure 1. Scree plot of parallel analysis on preliminary survey's data

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 城市中学生压力源评估问卷四因素模型

Figure 2. The four-factor model of daily stressors evaluation scale for urban secondary school students

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表 1 城市中学生压力源评价量表预调查数据条目筛选和维度划分(n=393)

Table 1. The selection of items and division of dimensions on pre-survey data of Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students(n=393)

维度	条目	r值	CR值	条目答案“0”或“1”选项占比/%	D值	入选次数
学业压力	1.准备各种考试或者等待考分公布	0.55^**	13.29^**	39.9	0.38	4
	6.考试成绩不理想	0.61^**	15.76^**	44.8	0.49	4
	12.对未来前途、职业、考取大学专业的迷茫	0.64^**	14.80^**	59.8	0.54	4
	15.自己的拖延、粗心等习惯	0.57^**	10.57^**	59.8	0.36	4
	16.学习任务紧或课业负担超出自己的能力范围	0.67^**	13.83^**	73.3	0.45	4
	19.过度参加补课、兴趣班	0.37^**	7.64^**	74.3	0.27	2
	20.老师期望高	0.56^**	10.92^**	71.0	0.36	4
	26.突发公共事件(包括新冠肺炎疫情等)	0.42^**	7.78^**	78.1	0.28	3
自我身心压力	4.自己的情绪不良(包括经常情绪低落、心情大起大伏，有抑郁症或焦虑症表现)	0.52^**	9.49^**	65.1	0.34	4
	10.自己意志不坚强	0.64^**	12.36^**	76.6	0.40	4
	17.在网络或虚拟世界(如小说、游戏等)花费很多时间	0.54^**	8.79^**	77.0	0.34	4
	18.睡眠不好(睡眠时间过少、入睡困难或易醒等)	0.57^**	12.59^**	63.6	0.47	4
	21.不满意自己的长相和外形	0.54^**	9.76^**	76.8	0.35	4
	23.有慢性生理健康问题(如哮喘、慢性鼻炎、近视、肥胖或者癫痫等)	0.54^**	9.64^**	70.0	0.36	4
	25.对自己的生活方式(如饮食、作息等)不满意	0.59^**	10.68^**	78.1	0.37	4
人际压力	3.被同学或朋友误解、误会	0.65^**	14.91^**	52.7	0.51	4
	5.可以谈心交流的朋友少，甚至没有	0.54^**	11.00^**	76.3	0.38	4
	8.被同学朋友歧视、冷落或欺凌	0.56^**	10.98^**	76.3	0.42	4
	11.当众丢面子或名誉受损	0.70^**	17.07^**	65.6	0.55	4
	13.与同学朋友发生争吵、纠纷	0.64^**	14.44^**	74.6	0.41	4
	24.因异性或同性交往产生情绪困扰^a	0.37^**	5.95^**	84.2	0.19	1
	27.老师教育惩戒不当	0.50^**	8.92^**	83.5	0.29	2
家庭压力	2.父母管教严格，经常被父母训斥	0.62^**	13.96^**	59.3	0.49	4
	7.父母期望过高	0.57^**	11.05^**	69.7	0.42	4
	9.父母感情不和或家庭破裂	0.56^**	10.02^**	79.1	0.42	4
	14.家庭发生重大变故(如亲人病重或死亡、受灾、犯罪入狱等)	0.54^**	10.43^**	72.5	0.46	4
	22.与家长之间交流较少或沟通困难	0.63^**	12.24^**	78.4	0.39	4
	28.家庭经济困难	0.47^**	8.52^**	85.0	0.26	2
注：条目满足表中4种筛选方法之一即为入选1次；a根据临床心理医生经验和国内外文献研究^[4]，恋爱纠纷是重要的青少年自报压力源，故保留。**P < 0.01。

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表 2 城市中学生压力源评价量表整体和分维度信度

Table 2. The overall and each-dimension reliabilities of Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Middle and High School Students

维度	预调查(n=393)		正式调查(n=2 949)
维度	Cronbach α系数	Guttman分半信度	Cronbach α系数	Guttman分半信度	重测信度
学业压力	0.78	0.71	0.81	0.70	0.55^**
自我身心压力	0.81	0.77	0.81	0.74	0.57^**
人际压力	0.79	0.70	0.83	0.78	0.69^**
家庭压力	0.77	0.81	0.79	0.79	0.64^**
总分	0.92	0.86	0.94	0.88	0.68^**
注：**P < 0.01。

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