Abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years in Inner Mongolia in 2021
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摘要:
目的 了解内蒙古10~14岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常的现状和影响因素,为制定相关措施提供参考。 方法 2021年10—11月采用分层整群随机抽样方法,按地区及学段分层抽取10~14岁中小学生92 094名,开展脊柱弯曲检查和全国学生常见病与健康影响因素问卷调查。 结果 共检出脊柱弯曲异常学生1 957名(2.13%),其中脊柱侧弯1 768名(90.34%)。不同近视状况,平时对坐姿、站姿是否有自我要求的学生脊柱弯曲异常检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为23.82,9.84,P值均<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,不同民族、监测点、年龄、经济片区与10~14岁中小学生的脊柱弯曲异常存在相关性;营养状况良好、班级座位左右轮转、根据身高调整座椅高度与10~14岁中小学生的脊柱弯曲异常均呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。 结论 应从影响因素出发,多种措施并举,降低10~14岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常发生率。 Abstract:Objective To understand prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years in Inner Mongolia, and to provide reference for relevant measures. Methods A total of 92 094 primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and were investigated with questionnaire. Results A total of 1 957 participants (2.13%) with abnormal spinal curvature were detected, including 1 768(90.34%) with scoliosis. Significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature were observed among students with different myopia status and posture of sitting and standing (χ2=23.82, 9.84, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that different ethnic groups, monitoring points, age and area were main factors for risk of spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years; good nutritional status, left-right rotation of class seats, seat height adjustment according to height were associated with lower rate of spinal curvature abnormalities (P < 0.05). Conclusion Various measures should be taken simultaneously to reduce the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students aged 10-14 years. -
Key words:
- Spinal curvatures /
- Body mass index /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Minority groups
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同人口统计学特征中小学生脊柱弯曲异常单因素分析
Table 1. Single-factor analysis of abnormal spinal curvature in the demographic characteristics of primary and secondary school students
人口统计学指标 组别 人数 脊柱弯曲异常人数 χ2值 P值 性别 男 46 812 984(2.10) 0.24 0.63 女 45 282 973(2.15) 民族 汉族 62 297 1 426(2.29) 24.91 <0.01 蒙古族及其他民族 29 797 531(1.78) 监测点 城市 22 250 822(3.69) 347.42 <0.01 郊县 69 844 1 135(1.63) 年龄/岁 10 18 134 234(1.29) 217.87 <0.01 11 18 479 253(1.37) 12 18 399 397(2.16) 13 18 197 513(2.82) 14 18 885 560(2.97) 经济片区 好 24 442 564(2.31) 46.24 <0.01 中 40 977 961(2.35) 差 26 675 432(1.62) 注: ()内数字为检出率/%。 表 2 内蒙古2021年10~14岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常相关行为因素分析
Table 2. Analysis of behavioral factors related to abnormal curvature of the spine of primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years in Inner Mongolia in 2021
相关行为 选项 人数 脊柱弯曲异常 χ2值 P值 平时背书包习惯 双肩包背胸前、背后 84 490 1 796(2.1) 0.39 0.82 背单肩包、双肩包背一侧 6 547 137(2.1) 使用带轮书包 868 21(2.4) 书包重量 较重 70 982 1 536(2.2) 2.50 0.12 较轻或没感觉 20 861 414(2.0) 班级座位是否左右轮转 是 72 401 1 477(2.0) 11.73 < 0.01 否 19 434 474(2.4) 床垫(床)柔软度 偏软 83 993 1 791(2.1) 0.14 0.74 偏硬 7 831 162(2.1) 左右脚鞋底磨损情况 左或右脚磨损严重 5 826 125(2.1) 0.01 0.93 没有差别 86 027 1 830(2.1) 鞋底内外侧磨损情况 内、外侧磨损严重 10 761 231(2.1) 0.02 0.86 没有差别 81 081 1 722(2.1) 平时坐姿、站姿是否有自我要求 无所谓,有时会监督自己 48 402 1 097(2.3) 9.84 < 0.01 时常提醒、时刻保持良好坐姿 43 458 855(2.0) 座椅高度是否根据身高调整 是 39 510 704(1.8) 38.85 <0.01 否 52 295 1 245(2.4) 白天户外活动时间/(h·d-1) <3 72 894 1 563(2.1) 0.78 0.40 ≥3 18 919 386(2.0) 是否近视 是 62 265 1 420(2.3) 23.82 <0.01 否 29 696 530(1.8) 是否消瘦 是 30 893 726(2.4) 11.32 < 0.01 否 61 201 1 231(2.0) 注: ()内数字为检出率/%。 表 3 中小学生脊柱弯曲异常影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=92 094)
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students(n=92 094)
自变量 选项 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 民族 汉族1.00 蒙古族及其他民族 -0.18 0.05 11.62 <0.01 0.83(0.75~0.93) 经济片区 好 1.00 中 0.30 0.06 27.54 <0.01 1.35(1.21~1.51) 差 -0.17 0.07 6.46 <0.01 0.84(0.74~0.96) 监测点 城市 1.00 郊县 -0.89 0.05 333.96 <0.01 0.41(0.37~0.45) 年龄/岁 10 1.00 11 0.10 0.09 1.20 0.27 1.11(0.92~1.33) 12 0.58 0.09 46.79 <0.01 1.78(1.51~2.11) 13 0.85 0.08 107.29 <0.01 2.35(2.00~2.76) 14 0.92 0.08 123.59 <0.01 2.50(2.13~2.94) 班级座位是否左右轮转 是 1.00 否 0.23 0.05 18.41 <0.01 1.26(1.14~1.40) 平时坐姿、站姿是否有自我要求 无所谓,有时会监督自己 1.00 时常提醒、时刻保持良好坐姿 -0.00 0.05 0.00 0.95 1.00(0.91~1.10) 座椅高度是否根据身高调整 否 1.00 是 -0.17 0.05 12.51 <0.01 0.84(0.76~0.93) 是否近视 否 1.00 是 -0.06 0.05 1.36 0.24 0.94(0.85~1.04) 是否消瘦 否 1.00 是 0.36 0.05 52.37 <0.01 1.43(1.30~1.57) -
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