河南省中小学生身体素质现状及相关因素分析

杨梦利; 徐学琴; 马晓梅; 娄晓民; 王瑾瑾; 闫国立; 王艳; 刘德臣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.027

河南省中小学生身体素质现状及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.027

1.
河南中医药大学医学院，郑州 450046
2.
郑州大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

河南中医药大学科研苗圃 MP2022-09

河南省科技攻关项目 222102320245

详细信息

作者简介:
杨梦利(1987-)，女，河南省人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生生长发育及身体素质

通讯作者:
徐学琴，E-mail：xxqteresa@126.com

娄晓民，E-mail：louxm@zzu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R 179 G 804.49 G 478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-20
- 修回日期: 2022-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-25

Analysis on the status and related factors of physical quality among primary and middle school students in Henan Province

1.
School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou(450046), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析河南省中小学生身体素质、超重肥胖现状，探讨身体素质的相关因素，为提高学生身体素质提供参考。方法利用2019年河南省学生体质健康调研数据，分析7~18岁学生身体素质指数(PFI)、体质量指数(BMI)等相关指标，利用χ²检验比较男女、城乡学生超重肥胖检出率，利用秩和检验比较各年龄组学生PFI差异，利用多因素Logistic回归分析PFI的影响因素。结果多数学生的PFI在-5~5，0~ < 5组占比最多(46.8%)，其次是-5~ < 0组(44.0%)，最少的是≥5组；超重、肥胖检出率均表现为男生(16.8%，12.3%)高于女生(12.8%，7.6%)、城市(16.1%，11.8%)高于乡村(13.3%，7.9%)(χ²值分别为124.78，245.43；62.52，166.23，P值均 < 0.01)。PFI与BMI呈负相关(r=-0.23，P < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示，年龄(OR=1.01)、城乡(乡OR=1.21)、性别(女OR=1.11)、超重(OR=1.94)、肥胖(OR=4.85)是身体素质的影响因素(P值均 < 0.05)。结论年龄、城乡、性别、超重、肥胖是身体素质的正向影响因素，控制超重肥胖有利于学生身体素质提高。
- 身体素质 /
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the present situation and associated factors of physical fitness and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Henan Province, and so as to explore the related factors and to provide reference for improving students' physical fitness. Methods The data of students' physical health survey in Henan Province in 2019 were used to analyze the PFI and BMI of students aged 7-18. The Chi-square test was used to compare difference in overweight and obesity prevalence by gender and residence. Analysis of variance was used to compare PFI differences among students of different age groups. Multi-variable Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors of physical fitness. Results A large proportion of students' PFI was between -5 and 5.0- < 5 group(46.8%), followed by -5- < 0 group(44.0%), and ≥5 group. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were higher in boys (16.8%, 12.3%) than in girls (12.8%, 7.6%), and in cities (16.1%, 11.8%) than in rural areas (13.3%, 7.9%)(χ²=124.78, 245.43; 62.52, 166.23, P < 0.01). PFI was negatively correlated with BMI(r=-0.23, P < 0.01). Age (OR=1.01), urban and rural (rural's OR=1.21), gender (female's OR=1.11), overweight (OR=1.94), obesity (OR=4.85) were the influencing factors of physical fitness(P < 0.05). Conclusion Age, residence, gender, overweight and obesity are the related factors of physical fitness. Controlling overweight and obesity can effectively improve students' physical fitness.
- Physical fitness /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同性别学生PFI分布

Table 1. Composition of PFI in different gender

性别	人数	＜-5	-5~ < 0	0~ < 5	≥5
男	19 849	1 026(5.2)	8 697(43.8)	9 338(47.0)	788(4.0)
女	19 826	999(5.0)	8 742(44.1)	9 231(46.6)	854(4.3)
合计	39 675	2 025(5.1)	17 439(44.0)	18 569(46.8)	1 642(4.1)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同组别各年龄段中小学生PFI比较

Table 2. Comparison of PFI of primary and secondary school students of different ages and groups

组别	选项	统计值	7~10岁		11~12岁		13~15岁		16~18岁		合计
组别	选项	统计值	人数	M(P₂₅, P₇₅)	人数	M(P₂₅, P₇₅)	人数	M(P₂₅, P₇₅)	人数	M(P₂₅, P₇₅)	人数	M(P₂₅, P₇₅)
性别	男		6 657	0.04(-1.98，2.06)	3 315	0.09(-1.99，2.08)	4 919	0.07(-1.76，1.88)	4 958	0.07(-1.77，1.83)	19 849	0.07(-1.87，1.96)
	女		6 666	0.10(-2.06，2.22)	3 367	0.09(-1.86，1.99)	4 914	0.03(-1.79，1.90)	4 879	0.01(-1.86，1.97)	19 826	0.06(-1.90，2.04)
		Z值	-0.91		-0.08		-0.33		-0.13		-0.40
		P值	0.36		0.93		0.74		0.90		0.69
城乡	城市		6 668	-0.04(-2.26，2.11)	3 376	0.20(-1.92，2.25)	4 959	0.21(-1.76，2.12)	5 499	0.28(-1.60，2.11)	20 502	0.15(-1.88，2.13)
	乡村		6 655	0.18(-1.83，2.19)	3 306	-0.02(-1.91，1.81)	4 874	-0.09(-1.78，1.65)	4 338	-0.24(-2.10，1.61)	19 173	-0.03(-1.89，1.85)
		Z值	-4.50		-3.55		-4.77		-8.40		-5.11
		P值	＜0.01		< 0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01

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表 3 河南省中小学生身体素质影响因素Logistic回归分析(n=39 675)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of physical quality of primary and secondary school students in Henan Province(n=39 675)

自变量与常量		β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
年龄		0.01	17.76	＜0.01	1.01(1.01~1.02)
城乡		0.19	80.50	＜0.01	1.21(1.16~1.26)
性别		0.11	25.48	＜0.01	1.11(1.07~1.16)
BMI	超重	0.67	518.27	＜0.01	1.94(1.84~2.06)
	肥胖	1.58	1513.71	＜0.01	4.85(4.48~5.25)
常量		-0.87	203.59	＜0.01	0.42

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