河南省小学生膳食中铝暴露水平评估

李杉; 韩涵; 叶冰; 周昇昇; 杨丽; 袁蒲; 付鹏钰; 张书芳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.006

河南省小学生膳食中铝暴露水平评估

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.006

河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所，郑州 450016

详细信息

作者简介:
李杉(1986-)，女，河南平顶山人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事营养与食品安全方面工作

通讯作者:
张书芳，E-mail：shufangzh9908@gmail.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R151 G627.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-12
- 修回日期: 2022-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-25

Probability assessment of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students in Henan Province

Institute of Public Health, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou(450016), China

摘要

摘要: 目的结合河南省食品中铝含量数据和儿童食物消费量数据，以评估小学生人群膳食铝暴露水平，为相关健康教育和干预措施的制定提供参考。方法选择可能添加含铝添加剂的9种食品，建立河南省9种食品的铝含量数据库和小学生消费量数据库，通过Crystal ball 11.1.2.4软件Monte Carlo模拟计算得到小学生膳食铝暴露量概率分布，并做暴露量敏感性分析。结果各类食品中铝含量最高的为油条油饼，平均为150.89 mg/kg。日均每公斤体重消费量较高的食物为馒头，平均为0.15 g。河南省小学生膳食每周每公斤体重铝暴露量平均为1.99 mg，占暂定每周允许摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake，PTWI)的99.7%；每周每公斤体重暴露量P₉₅值为6.16 mg；13.22%的小学生膳食铝暴露量超过每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)。各类食品中，油条油饼的平均每周每公斤体重铝暴露量最高，为1.19 mg，对小学生膳食铝平均暴露水平影响相对突出的变量是油饼油条铝含量。结论河南省小学生人群膳食铝平均暴露水平已非常接近食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)制定的PTWI，高消费量人群的膳食铝暴露量已超过PTWI，应采取措施降低小学生人群的膳食铝暴露风险。
- 膳食 /
- 铝 /
- 概率 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective Combining the aluminium content data of food in Henan Province with the data of children's food consumption, to evaluate probability of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Methods Database of nine types of aluminum-containing food and their consumption among primary school students in Henan Province were established. The probability distribution of dietary aluminum exposure was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball 11.1.2.4 software, and the sensitivity analysis of exposure was conducted. Results The average content of aluminum in fried bread stick was the highest, with the value of 150.89 mg/kg. The consumption of dietary aluminum was highest in steamed bun, with the value of 0.15 g. The average dietary aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight was 1.99 mg per week of primary school students in Henan Province, accounting for 99.7% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 95th percentile of aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight per week was 6.16 mg, which was three times of that of PTWI. Nearly 13.22% of primary school students had dietary aluminum exposure higher than PTWI. Among all kinds of food, the average aluminum exposure of fried bread stick per kilogram of body weight per week was the highest 1.19 mg. Aluminum content in fried bread stick accounted the highest proportion of average dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Conclusion The average dietary aluminum exposure level of primary school students in Henan Province is close to the PTWI established by JECFA, with the high consumption population exceeds the PTWI. Measures should be taken to reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of primary school students.
- Diet /
- Aluminum /
- Probability /
- Students
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图 1 河南省小学生膳食铝暴露敏感性分析

Figure 1. Sensitivity analysis of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students in Henan Province

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表 1 河南省小学生各类食品中铝含量检测结果/(mg·kg^-1)

Table 1. Test value of aluminum content in various foods among primary school students in Henan Province/(mg·kg^-1)

食品类别	选项	样品数	平均值	P₅₀	P₉₅	范围
油炸面制品	油条油饼	491	150.89	8.31	796.00	0.02~1 280.00
淀粉制品	粉丝粉条	45	109.22	9.63	449.80	0.30~538.00
焙烤食品	面包	47	24.50	1.00	230.20	1.00~279.00
	饼干	66	15.18	1.00	79.33	1.00~229.00
	派类^a	25	3.67	1.00	15.18	1.00~18.70
发酵面制品	馒头	754	27.63	2.50	15.91	0.15~776.00
	花卷^b	123	29.46	1.00	99.78	0.15~683.00
膨化食品	薯片	192	12.70	2.00	45.78	0.15~428.00
注：a指铝含量数据库中无蛋糕中的铝含量数据，因此用食品类别上较为接近的派类中铝含量数据替代；b指铝含量数据库中无烧饼烙饼中的铝含量数据，因此在暴露评估部分用食品类别上较为接近的花卷中铝含量数据替代进行计算。

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表 2 河南省中小学生每日各类食物每公斤体重消费量/g

Table 2. Consumption of various types of food every day among primary school students in Henan Province/g

食品类别	选项	平均值	P₅₀	P₉₅	范围
油炸面制品	油条油饼	0.15	0.00	1.09	0.00~3.72
淀粉制品	粉丝粉条	0.04	0.00	0.29	0.00~1.42
焙烤食品	面包	0.11	0.00	0.78	0.00~4.83
	饼干	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00~3.40
	蛋糕	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00~1.64
发酵面制品	馒头	0.46	0.00	2.14	0.00~6.20
	花卷	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00~2.85
	烧饼烙饼	0.09	0.00	0.77	0.00~4.18
膨化食品	薯片	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00~1.67

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表 3 河南省小学生膳食每周每公斤体重铝暴露量/mg

Table 3. Dietary aluminum exposure of primary school students in Henan Province/mg

食品类别	选项	平均值(95%CI)	P₅₀	P₉₅
油炸面制品	油条油饼	1.191(1.187~2.843)	0.062	4.249
淀粉制品	粉丝粉条	0.551(0.322~1.516)	0.003	0.579
焙烤食品	面包	0.015(0.015~0.017)	0.003	0.060
	饼干	0.035(0.034~0.036)	0.007	0.138
	蛋糕	0.014(0.014~0.014)	0.010	0.042
发酵面制品	馒头	0.102(0.083~0.104)	0.004	0.296
	花卷	0.004(0.004~0.005)	0.000	0.015
	烧饼烙饼	0.080(0.077~0.091)	0.009	0.301
膨化食品	薯片	0.001(0.001~0.001)	0.000	0.004
总计		1.994(1.830~3.060)	0.312	6.158

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