气排球游戏教学对4~6岁幼儿基本动作技能及体质健康水平的影响

陈甜; 古松

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.029

气排球游戏教学对4~6岁幼儿基本动作技能及体质健康水平的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.029

陈甜,
古松^,

北京体育大学中国排球运动学院，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家体育总局排球运动管理中心委托项目

详细信息

作者简介:
陈甜(1998-)，女，江苏常州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为排球项目理论与实践

通讯作者:
古松，E-mail：2863710949@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 R179 G806
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-06
- 修回日期: 2022-09-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-25

Influence of air volleyball games activies on children's gross motor skills and physical fitness aged 4-6 years

CHEN Tian,
GU Song^,

China Volleyball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing(100084), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索气排球游戏教学对4~6岁幼儿基本动作技能及体质健康水平的影响，为促进幼儿动作发展、丰富幼儿园体育活动提供参考。方法以北京、成都3所试点幼儿园195名4~6岁幼儿为实验对象，进行16周(2021年2—6月)气排球游戏教学。实验前后采用美国粗大动作测试第二版(TGMD-2)对幼儿进行基本动作技能评估，以《国民体质测评标准手册》(幼儿部分)为标准，对幼儿进行身体素质评估。运用独立样本t检验分析实验前后幼儿基本动作技能、体质健康成绩差异，Pearson相关性分析以及多元线性回归分析2种测试系统各指标间相关性和函数关系。结果实验前后，幼儿移动技能、操控技能、基本动作技能成绩有所提高，组间差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05);分组比较时，除4岁女童组总评分前后测成绩外，其余年龄男、女童各指标实验前后差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。体质健康水平测试成绩在后测中有一定提升，除双脚连续跳测试前后差异无统计学意义，其余各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。网球掷远成绩与移动技能、基本动作总评分测试成绩具有相关性(r值分别为0.44，0.60，P值均 < 0.01);移动技能与体质测试成绩之间存在线性关系，回归模型拟合度较好(R²=0.33)。结论气排球游戏教学对4~6岁幼儿基本动作技能、体质健康发展有促进作用，基本动作技能发展以操控技能提升为主，体质健康水平在5~6岁时发展效果显著。
- 运动技能 /
- 体质 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective This paper focus on the influence of air volleyball games activities on children's gross motor skills and physical fitness, and to provide theoretical reference for children's motor development promotion and kindergarten sports activities enrichment. Methods A total of 195 children aged 4 to 6 years from three kindergartens in Beijing and Chengdu were selected and administered with air volleyball activity intervention for 16 weeks(from February to June 2021). Before and after the intervention, TGMD-2 was used to assess the level of gross motor skills. National physical fitness measurement standard manual for children was used for the assessment of children's physical fitness. The differences of student's gross motor skills and physical fitness were conducted by independent samples t-test. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used for correlations between indicators. Results Before and after the intervention, there were substantial improvement in movement skills, control skills and total gross motor skills (P < 0.05). In group comparison, there were significant differences across all age groups (P < 0.05) except 4-year-old girls (P>0.05). Physical fitness tests showed significant improvement by age and sex except for the jump on both feet item(P < 0.05), which showed no difference between pre-and-post-intervention (P>0.05). Tennis throw test showed significant correlations with movement skills and gross motor skills (r=0.44, 0.60, P < 0.01). There was a liner relationship between movement skills and physical health test scores. The regression model showed good fitting degree (R²=0.33). Conclusion Air volleyball activities could effectively promote the development of gross motor skills and physical fitness of children aged 4 to 6 years, especially in gross motor control and physical fitness of children aged 5 to 6 years.
- Motor skills /
- Body constitution /
- Growth and development /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 幼儿气排球游戏活动内容设计

Table 1. Design of children's air volleyball activities content

阶段	游戏模块		动作模块			动作目标
阶段	游戏名称	活动目标	4岁	5岁	6岁	动作目标
第一阶段(1~4周)	原地传递球接力、运球投框比赛(运球投球)、保龄球接力(地滚球)、躲避障碍物(地滚球)	观察、物控、判断、球性练习	基础动作：排球准备姿势、移动	基础动作：排球准备姿势、移动单手、双手抛球	基础动作：排球准备姿势、移动抛球、接球	上肢力量、协调性
第二阶段(5~8周)	原地抛球接力赛、隔网抛球大赛、隔网抛-接球比赛、最佳投球手(对墙击球打点)	观察、判断、移动、物控	基础动作：原地接球抛球、移动接球抛球	基础动作：隔网抛球、隔网接球	动作技能：移动抛球接球、隔网抛球接球	上肢、协调、灵敏
第三阶段(9~12周)	隔网发球比赛、抛-垫球接力赛、背夹球接力赛(团队)、争夺球拉力赛(团队)	沟通、合作、方向感、注意力	基础动作：双手接球击球、单手接球击球	动作技能：上手拍球击球、正面双手垫球	动作技能：正面双手垫球、上手发球击球	下肢力量、速度、灵敏、核心
第四阶段(13~16周)	隔网垫-接球比赛、夺球大战(听哨声争球)、隔网比赛(4V4)、隔网比赛(6V6)	合作、反应、移动	基础动作：背向抛球、单手抛球	动作技能：隔网抛接球、移动垫球、连续抛垫球	技能配合：抛-接串联(两人)、抛-垫球过网、抛-扣串联(两人)、隔网比赛	速度、灵敏、协调

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表 2 不同年龄幼儿实验前后基本动作技能得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of gross motor skills scores of children of different ages before and after the experiment(x±s)

年龄	性别	人数	移动技能				操控技能				总评分
年龄	性别	人数	前测	后测	t值	P值	前测	后测	t值	P值	前测	后测	t值	P值
4	男	18	24.67±1.77	31.54±3.58	-2.45	0.01	24.23±2.33	35.64±1.48	-10.48	0.01	52.90±2.17	67.19±3.90	-12.51	0.01
	女	32	24.94±2.13	27.87±3.26	-2.83	0.02	23.51±2.36	36.30±2.15	-12.71	0.01	48.45±3.53	51.84±13.37	-0.74	0.48
	小计	50	26.39±2.99	29.30±3.83	-4.29	0.01	23.79±2.38	36.04±1.94	-16.47	0.01	50.18±3.76	65.34±3.69	-2.50	0.01
5	男	45	28.71±2.78	34.56±2.55	-6.59	0.01	25.30±2.76	38.65±2.27	-11.76	0.01	55.01±4.04	73.21±3.85	-13.13	0.01
	女	47	28.07±2.14	31.20±3.90	-4.15	0.01	22.72±2.84	37.22±2.28	-16.59	0.01	50.78±4.11	68.42±3.98	-16.65	0.01
	小计	92	28.36±2.47	32.73±3.75	-6.97	0.01	24.35±3.32	37.87±2.38	-19.59	0.01	52.70±4.59	70.60±4.59	-21.24	0.01
6	男	26	30.03±2.38	37.14±4.33	-7.09	0.01	26.67±2.37	38.53±3.70	-9.04	0.01	55.70±4.36	75.68±7.00	-9.75	0.01
	女	21	26.51±1.65	32.80±1.24	-12.80	0.01	24.50±1.66	34.66±2.84	-6.38	0.01	51.01±2.27	67.46±3.29	-9.05	0.01
	小计	47	27.14±4.98	31.56±6.37	-11.16	0.01	25.16±2.16	36.84±3.86	-17.95	0.01	53.65±4.28	72.08±7.00	-18.21	0.01
总体	男	89	29.48±0.91	26.35±2.60	-9.22	0.01	25.65±2.68	37.94±2.91	-10.79	0.01	54.73±3.94	72.56±5.86	-12.89	0.01
	女	100	25.69±1.95	29.33±0.82	-6.87	0.01	23.31±2.60	36.44±2.55	-19.90	0.01	50.11±3.81	66.94±4.03	-7.10	0.01
	合计	189	27.86±2.83	32.41±4.38	-10.99	0.01	24.39±2.88	37.13±2.82	-26.84	0.01	52.25±4.50	69.54±5.70	-13.64	0.01

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表 3 不同年龄幼儿实验前后体质健康水平得分差值(x±s)

Table 3. Differential value of physical health level scores of children of different ages before and after the experiment(x±s)

年龄	性别	人数	10 m折返跑	立定跳远	网球掷远	连续双脚跳	坐位体前屈	走平衡木	总评分
4	男	18	0.28±0.45	0.28±0.45	1.43±1.05^*	0	0.86±0.99	0	2.86±1.73^**
	女	32	0.18±0.57	0.55±0.50^**	2.18±0.83^**	0	1.64±0.48^**	0	4.55±1.23^**
	小计	50	0.22±0.53	0.44±0.50^**	1.89±0.99^**	0	1.33±0.82^**	0	3.89±1.66^**
5	男	45	0.47±0.62^*	0.33±0.70	1.73±1.06^**	0	0.73±0.44^**	0.20±0.40	3.47±2.50^**
	女	47	0.33±0.58^*	0.39±0.49^**	1.61±0.76^**	0.17±0.50	0.44±0.69^*	0.67±0.47^**	3.61±2.29^**
	小计	92	0.39±0.60^**	0.36±0.59^**	1.67±0.91^**	0.09±0.38	0.57±0.60^**	0.45±0.50^**	3.54±2.39^**
6	男	26	0.22±0.42	0	0.67±0.94^*	-0.11±0.31	1.44±0.68^**	0.56±0.50^*	2.78±1.55^**
	女	21	0.43±0.49	0	1.71±0.45^**	-0.14±0.35	0	0.29±0.45	2.29±0.70^**
	小计	47	0.31±0.46^*	0	1.13±0.93^**	-0.13±0.33	0.81±0.88^**	0.44±0.50^**	2.56±1.27^**
总体	男	89	0.35±0.54^**	0.23±0.55^*	1.35±1.12^**	-0.03±0.18	0.97±0.74^**	0.26±0.44^**	3.13±2.12^**
	女	100	0.31±0.57^**	0.36±0.48^**	1.81±0.78^**	0.06±0.40	0.72±0.84^**	0.39±0.49^**	3.64±1.95^**
	合计	109	0.32±0.56^**	0.30±0.52^**	1.60±0.98^**	0.01±0.32	0.84±0.81^**	0.33±0.47^**	3.40±2.04^**
注：前后测比较P < 0.05，*P < 0.01，“0”表示该指标前后测均为满分。

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表 4 不同年龄幼儿基本运动技能得分与体质测试指标之间的相关性(r值，n=189)

Table 4. Correlation between gross motor skill and physical health level of children of different ages(r, n=189)

指标	10 m折返跑	立定跳远	网球掷远	连续双脚跳	坐位体前屈	走平衡木	体质测试总分
移动技能总分	0.19	0.04^**	0.44^**	0.03	0.41^**	-0.19	0.33^**
操控技能总分	-0.42	0.11	0.57	0.11	-0.17	0.08	0.10
基本动作技能总分	0.13	0.33^**	0.60^**	0.07	-0.08	-0.11	0.30^*
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 5 不同年龄幼儿基本运动技能与体质测试各指标多元线性回归分析(n=189)

Table 5. Regression coefficient test of gross motor skill and physical health level of children of different ages(n=189)

自变量	移动技能			操控技能			基本动作技能总分
自变量	B值	t值	P值	B值	t值	P值	B值	t值	P值
10 m折返跑	1.01	0.63	0.53	-1.64	-1.30	0.20	-0.63	-0.28	0.78
立定跳远	4.85	2.81	0.01	-0.33	-0.25	0.81	4.51	1.89	0.06
网球掷远	4.36	3.71	< 0.01	-0.28	-0.30	0.77	4.09	2.51	0.02
双脚连续跳	0.36	0.18	0.86	-0.05	-0.03	0.98	0.32	0.11	0.91
坐位体前屈	1.70	1.59	0.12	-1.23	-1.46	0.15	0.47	0.32	0.75
走平衡木	0.76	0.60	0.55	-0.39	-0.39	0.70	0.37	0.21	0.83
体质测试总分	-2.20	-2.22	0.03	0.65	0.84	0.41	-1.55	-1.13	0.26

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