南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分比较及相关因素分析

王卿; 时炳钦; 徐国昌; 刘荣志; 黄华; 张景瑞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.027

南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分比较及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.027

1.
南阳医学高等专科学校解剖教研室，河南 473000
2.
南阳理工学院人类学研究所

基金项目:

河南省高等学校重点科研项目 17B310006

国家自然科学基金 31271285

详细信息

作者简介:
王卿(1980-)，男，河南南阳人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为人类学

通讯作者:
刘荣志，E-mail: liurongzhi@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R173 G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-28
- 修回日期: 2022-07-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-25

Analysis of body composition between girls aged 10 to 15 years with or without onset of menarche in Nanyang

1.
Department of Anatomy, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang(473000), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分的年龄变化特点，预测月经初潮时间，为及时开展青春期的卫生保健工作提供可靠依据。方法于2020年8—12月及2021年3—10月，对南阳市13个县市区采取抽签法随机整群抽样抽取1 523名女生，先通过问卷调查获取研究对象基本情况，然后利用日本百利达MC-180体成分分析仪对研究对象进行体成分测定。结果南阳市10~15岁女生体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加，体内水分率随着年龄的增长逐渐减少。来潮女生的BMI、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量均高于未来潮女生，体内水分率低于未来潮女生。其中11~15岁已来潮女生与未来潮女生之间BMI差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.07，2.03，2.43，2.45，2.52，P值均 < 0.05);12~15岁已来潮女生与未来潮女生之间脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05);10，14，15岁未来潮女生与已来潮女生间体内水分率差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.75，2.35，2.37，P值均 < 0.05);10，11，14岁同年龄组农村女生和城市女生月经来潮率差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.34，3.45，6.73，P值均 < 0.05)。结论女生月经初潮前后BMI、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量、体内水分率等体成分年龄变化特点有助于月经初潮的预判，月经初潮年龄与营养状况、BMI、体育锻炼、零食及饮料摄入等因素有关。
- 月经初潮 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 身体成分 /
- 学生 /
- 女(雌)性 /
- 回归分析
Abstract: Objective To compare body composition of girls aged 10 to 15 years with or without onset of menarche in Nanyang, and to provide a reliable basis for effective adolescent health care. Methods From August to December 2020 and from March to October 2021, cluster random sampling was adopted in 13 areas of Nanyang City to select 1 523 girls. Questionnaire survey and body composition (Japan Bailida MC-180) were conducted. Results BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, muscle mass and bone mass of girls aged 10 to 15 years in Nanyang City gradually increased with age, the water content in the body decreased with age. BMI, fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, muscle mass and bone mass in girls experienced menarche were higher, while water content in the body was lower than those without menarche. Significant difference in BMI between the menarche and without menarche of girls were found in those aged 11 to 15 years(t=2.07, 2.03, 2.43, 2.45, 2.52, P < 0.05). Significant differences in fat rate, trunk fat rate, muscle mass and bone mass between the menarche and without menarche were found in girls aged 12 to 15 years fat percentage, trunk fat percentage muscle mass bone mass(P < 0.05). Among girls aged 10, 14 and 15-year-old, significant difference in body water percentage were observed in the two groups of girls with or without menarche(t=2.75, 2.35, 2.37, P < 0.05). Average age at menarche showed significant urban-rural differences among girls aged 10, 11 and 14-year-old (χ²=4.34, 3.45, 6.73, P < 0.05). Conclusion Changes in body composition including BMI, body fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass and body water percentage during the transition to menarche in girls is helpful to predict menarche in girls. Age of menarche is related to nutritional status, BMI, physical exercise, snack and beverage intake.
- Menarche /
- Body mass index /
- Body composition /
- Students /
- Female /
- Regression analysis
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 南阳市10~15岁女生体成分变化情况(x±s)

Table 1. Change of body composition aged 10 to 15 years girls in Nanyang City(x±s)

年龄/岁	人数	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	脂肪率/%	躯干脂肪率/%	肌肉量/kg	骨量/kg	体内水分率/%
10	251	16.91±5.62	17.93±4.56	13.89±6.75	26.02±3.31	1.46±0.42	65.56±4.16
11	236	17.03±5.22	18.29±5.48	14.30±2.51	28.33±5.02^*	1.59±0.57	64.71±4.15^*
12	282	17.54±4.30	20.50±6.87^*	16.14±6.30^*	30.34±2.20^*	1.80±0.75^*	62.42±3.90
13	239	18.09±6.12	21.34±3.56	18.23±2.00	32.57±3.04^*	2.01±0.70^*	60.28±4.98^*
14	248	19.50±5.10^*	27.13±4.51^*	25.20±9.82^*	33.65±1.85	2.11±0.91	57.12±5.62
15	267	20.33±7.07	27.90±2.01	26.13±4.12	34.85±5.20	2.16±0.52	56.21±4.51
注： * 与前一年龄组进行比较，P < 0.05。

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表 2 南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of body composition between aged 10 to 15 years girls menstrual and without menarche in Nanyang City(x±s)

年龄/岁	是否来潮	人数	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	脂肪率/%	躯干脂肪率/%	肌肉量/kg	骨量/kg	体内水分率/%
10	未来潮	240	15.87±3.25	17.61±6.54	13.91±5.50	24.81±6.32	1.41±0.29	66.86±2.98^#
	来潮	11	17.03±3.33	18.93±6.33	14.23±6.79	25.23±3.17	1.42±0.47	64.32±3.27
11	未来潮	205	16.12±3.36	18.14±5.88	14.32±5.54	26.88±7.01^*	1.50±0.21	65.00±5.17
	来潮	31	17.51±4.21^#	19.33±8.27	15.14±2.07	28.20±6.60^*	1.63±0.72^*	63.90±3.32
12	未来潮	161	16.82±6.27	18.50±6.45	15.02±4.49	27.71±4.33	1.67±0.82^*	63.32±2.11^*
	来潮	121	18.04±2.44^#	20.52±5.56^#	17.26±5.00^*#	30.12±4.92^#	1.85±0.63^*#	62.03±3.39^*
13	未来潮	65	17.29±3.34	20.58±7.82^*	17.11±5.14^*	30.30±5.00^*	1.78±0.33	61.14±3.90
	来潮	174	18.56±3.68^#	23.07±7.18^*#	19.90±9.83^*#	32.92±3.08^*#	1.94±0.60^#	60.03±5.04^*
14	未来潮	13	18.24±5.42	22.53±9.00^*	20.34±6.99^*	31.63±3.88	1.81±0.62	60.43±4.41^*#
	来潮	235	21.90±5.24^*#	26.30±5.80^*#	23.66±2.78^*#	34.65±2.34^#	2.16±0.59^*#	56.34±6.17
15	未来潮	4	19.14±3.19	23.09±2.29	21.60±4.07	33.70±2.82	2.02±0.41^*	58.02±3.72^#
	来潮	263	22.07±2.30^#	28.59±5.11^*#	26.03±3.67^*#	36.42±2.06^#	2.29±0.23^#	55.10±2.43
注： * 与同组别前一年龄组进行比较，P < 0.05;# 与同年龄组未来潮进行比较，P < 0.05。

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表 3 南阳市10~15岁女生初潮相关影响因素多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 523)

Table 3. Multiple Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors related to menarche of girls aged 10 to 15 years in Nanyang City(n=1 523)

自变量	β值	标准误	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
营养状况良好	0.04	0.01	0.04	1.04(1.01~1.07)
每天课业负担轻	0.06	0.03	0.07	1.05(0.82~1.08)
BMI正常	0.03	0.02	0.01	1.20(1.04~1.35)
饮食结构合理	0.10	0.04	0.06	0.91(0.69~1.35)
人际关系良好	0.07	0.02	0.06	0.94(0.76~1.13)
每天体育锻炼时间≥1 h	0.05	0.03	0.02	1.19(1.06~1.31)
每天追剧时间≥2 h	0.05	0.02	0.06	1.34(0.89~1.67)
每周零食及饮料摄入频率≥4次	0.10	0.06	0.03	1.28(1.14~1.43)
家庭人均月收入≥3 000元	0.07	0.02	0.04	1.09(1.06~1.13)
母亲文化程度高中及以上	0.05	0.01	0.03	1.35(1.24~1.46)
父母职业行政事业	0.05	0.02	0.02	1.20(1.02~1.38)
父母婚姻关系良好	0.06	0.03	0.03	1.28(1.17~1.39)

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