Influence of parental education level and family type on parental control among middle school students in Bengbu
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摘要:
目的 探讨中学生父母文化程度和家庭类型对父母控制水平的影响，为父母教养方式的改善及儿童青少年身心健康发展奠定基础。 方法 于2019年4月，采用随机抽样法抽取蚌埠市初、高中在校学生1 046名，使用父母控制量表进行调查，采用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。 结果 中学生母亲行为控制及控制总分、父亲行为控制及控制总分与文化程度均呈正相关(r值分别为0.18，0.16，0.16，0.12，P值均 < 0.05);父母不同文化程度中学生的父母控制总分差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为16.93，32.21，P < 0.05)，小学及以下教育的父母行为控制得分低于其他文化程度的父母。不同家庭类型中学生的父、母控制总分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为2.63，3.55，P值均 < 0.05)，单亲家庭的父亲控制总分低于大家庭和核心家庭，单亲家庭的母亲控制总分低于大家庭，家庭类型和父母文化程度对父母行为控制均具有预测性。 结论 父母文化程度和家庭类型对父母心理行为控制均有影响，应通过提升家庭教养环境改善父母控制水平。 Abstract:Objective To explore the influence of parents' educational level and family type on the level of parental control, so as to lay a foundation for improving parental education and promoting adolescents' mental and physical health. Methods In April 2019, random cluster sampling was used to select 1 046 students in junior and senior high schools in Bengbu. Information was collected through the Chinese version of Parental Control Questionnaire, and SPSS 25.0 for statistical analysis was used. Results Mother's behavioral control and mother's educational level were significantly positively correlated(r=0.18), father's behavioral control and father's education level were significantly positively correlated(r=0.16). There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of maternal control and mother's education level(r=0.16). The total score of father's control was positively correlated with the education level of the fathers(r=0.12)(P < 0.05). There was significant differences between the parents with different education level on parental control(H=16.93, 32.21, P < 0.05). The score on parents behavioral control with primary school education or without education low among the parents with other education levels. There were differences between different family types in the total score of parental control(F=2.63, 3.55, P < 0.05). Compared with extended families and nuclear families, single-parent families total scored had significantly lower in father's control, and single-parent families total scored significantly lower in mother's control scores than extended families. Parents' educational level and family type had significantly predicted effect on parental behavioral control. Conclusion Parents' educational level and family type have an influence on parents' psychological and behavioral control, and have a predictive effect on parents' control level. Parental control levels should be improved by improving the family's upbringing environment. -
Key words:
- Family /
- Educational status /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同文化程度父母心理行为控制得分比较[M(P25, P75)]
Table 1. Comparison of parental control scores with different educational levels[M(P25, P75)]
父母 选项 人数 统计值 心理控制 行为控制 控制总分 父亲 小学及以下 129 20.0(18.0, 24.0) 62.0(57.5, 68.0) 84.0(77.5, 89.0) 初中 508 20.0(17.0, 24.0) 65.0(60.0, 70.0) 86.0(79.0, 91.0) 高中/职高 300 20.0(15.8, 24.0) 66.0(61.0, 71.0) 87.0(89.3, 93.0) 本科/专科 99 20.0(16.0, 24.0) 68.0(61.0, 75.0) 89.0(80.0, 96.0) 硕士及以上 10 21.0(11.5, 27.5) 69.0(54.0, 78.8) 87.0(75.7, 99.2) H值 0.99 29.10 16.93 P值 0.91 < 0.01 < 0.01 母亲 小学及以下 200 22.0(62.0, 67.0) 67.0(62.0, 67.0) 88.0(81.0, 95.0) 初中 503 21.0(18.0, 25.0) 70.0(64.0, 75.0) 91.0(85.0, 99.0) 高中/职高 253 22.0(18.0, 26.0) 71.0(67.0, 78.0) 94.0(87.0, 103.0) 本科/专科 82 22.0(17.0, 26.0) 70.0(67.0, 70.5) 92.0(85.0, 100.0) 硕士及以上 8 19.0(11.5, 28.5) 65.0(43.8, 78.8) 78.0(70.5, 103.0) H值 2.48 38.69 32.21 P值 0.65 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 不同家庭类型中学生父母心理行为控制得分比较(x±s)
Table 2. Comparison of parental control scores of middle school students in different family types(x±s)
家庭类型 人数 父亲控制 母亲控制 心理控制 行为控制 控制总分 心理控制 行为控制 控制总分 大家庭 330 21.18±6.47 65.23±12.10 86.80±12.44 22.30±7.13 74.25±14.23 93.30±14.59 核心家庭 596 20.29±5.89 66.12±8.60 85.56±11.68 21.68±6.22 74.72±11.77 92.26±12.63 重组家庭 38 23.35±7.37 70.20±12.31 86.45±17.69 22.13±7.70 62.50±7.45 91.76±16.10 单亲家庭 49 21.08±6.93 52.66±7.63 81.58±13.93 21.09±7.15 68.00±7.46 88.72±18.98 隔代家庭 33 20.59±5.92 63.00±1.41 82.37±12.21 21.03±5.45 62.50±4.95 85.23±12.90 F值 3.01 2.86 2.63 0.79 1.59 3.55 P值 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.55 0.19 0.01
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表 3 父母文化程度和家庭类型对中学生父母控制影响的多元线性回归分析(n=1 046)
Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of the effects of parental education and family type on parental control of middle school students (n=1 046)
因变量 常数与自变量 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 父亲行为控制 常数项 61.37 0.92 66.80 < 0.01 文化程度 1.70 0.35 0.15 4.90 < 0.01 大家庭 0.50 0.66 0.02 0.76 0.45 重组家庭 -2.70 1.61 -0.05 -1.68 0.09 单亲家庭 -4.65 1.43 -0.10 -3.26 < 0.01 隔代家庭 -3.08 1.72 -0.06 -1.79 0.07 母亲行为控制 常数项 67.19 0.96 69.97 < 0.01 文化程度 1.60 0.38 0.13 4.15 < 0.01 大家庭 0.27 0.75 0.01 0.36 0.72 重组家庭 -0.82 1.82 -0.01 -0.45 0.65 单亲家庭 -3.18 1.61 -0.06 -1.97 0.05 隔代家庭 -6.87 1.94 -0.11 -3.54 < 0.01 父亲控制 常数项 81.98 1.17 69.82 < 0.01 文化程度 1.58 0.45 0.11 3.56 < 0.01 大家庭 1.29 0.85 0.05 1.52 0.13 重组家庭 -0.22 2.05 0.00 -0.11 0.91 单亲家庭 -4.06 1.83 -0.07 -2.22 0.03 隔代家庭 -2.70 2.20 -0.04 -1.23 0.22 母亲控制 常数项 88.39 1.21 72.97 < 0.01 文化程度 1.83 0.48 0.12 3.78 < 0.01 大家庭 0.81 0.94 0.03 0.86 0.39 重组家庭 -0.39 2.29 -0.01 -0.17 0.86 单亲家庭 -4.19 2.03 -0.06 -2.06 0.04 隔代家庭 -7.15 2.44 -0.09 -2.93 < 0.01
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