Sex-related knowledge, attitude and practice and influencing factors in senior kindergarten children
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摘要:
目的 了解泸州市大班幼儿性相关知信行情况及其影响因素,为开展全面幼儿性教育提供参考依据。 方法 于2022年1月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对泸州24所幼儿园的1 438名大班幼儿及其家长进行性相关知信行的问卷调查。 结果 大班幼儿性相关知信行良好率为27.2%,91.0%的幼儿知道不能让别人看/摸自己的隐私部位,88.0%的幼儿能够正确说出生命的来源,35.1%的幼儿能够正确完整地指出男/女隐私部位的位置,11.5%的幼儿认为女孩不可以玩玩具手枪和1.2%的幼儿认为男孩不能穿裙子。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,公立幼儿园、女生、≥6岁、母亲文化程度为大专/本科及以上、家长性教育态度积极/行为良好的幼儿性相关知信行良好率更高(OR值分别为1.69,1.74,1.86,1.37,1.32,1.48,P值均<0.05)。 结论 大班幼儿性相关知信行良好率不高,幼儿在防性侵和生命教育方面掌握情况更好。要注重家长对幼儿性教育态度和行为的作用,重点关注私立幼儿园、低年龄段、母亲文化程度低、男童的幼儿性教育,加强幼儿性生理知识和性别平等教育。 -
关键词:
- 性 /
- 健康知识, 态度, 实践 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract:Objective To understand the sex-related knowledge, attitude and practice of senior kindergarten children in Luzhou and its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive early childhood sexuality education. Methods In January 2022, the stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 438 large-class children and their parents in 24 kindergartens in Luzhou. Results The eligible rate of sex-related knowledge, attitude and practice of senior kindergarten children was 27.2%. About 91.0% of children knew that they should not let others see/touch their private parts, 88.0% of children could correctly name the source of life, 35.1% of children could correctly and completely point out the location of male/female private parts and 11.5% of children believed that girls could not play with toy pistols and 1.2% of children thought boys should not wear skirts. The results of multivariate analysis showed that public kindergarten, girls, ≥6 years old, high maternal education (college/undergraduate or above), parental sexuality education with positive attitude/good behavior were associated with high sex-related knowledge, attitude and practice(OR=1.69, 1.74, 1.86, 1.37, 1.32, 1.48, P < 0.05). Conclusion Sex-related knowledge, attitude, and practice among senior kindergarten children is insufficient, however, knowledge regarding sexual assault prevention and life education is sufficient. It is necessary to pay attention to the role of parents' attitudes and behaviors in child sexuality education, especially among boys, children from private kindergartens, as well as those with young age or low maternal education. -
Key words:
- Sex /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别幼儿家长性教育知信行良好率比较
Table 1. Comparison of the good rates of sexuality education knowledge, attitude and practice of parents in different groups
组别 选项 人数 知识 态度 行为 知晓人数 χ2值 P值 积极人数 χ2值 P值 良好人数 χ2值 P值 地区 农村 546 9(1.6) 9.78 <0.01 151(27.7) 10.39 <0.01 240(44.0) 3.30 0.07 城市 892 43(4.8) 320(35.9) 436(48.9) 家长性别 男 279 11(3.9) 0.11 0.75 47(16.8) 39.78 <0.01 115(41.2) 4.66 0.03 女 1 159 41(3.5) 424(36.6) 561(48.4) 家长年龄/岁* 22~30 454 8(1.8) 9.96 <0.01 141(31.1) 1.60 0.45 230(50.7) 3.98 0.14 31~40 821 32(3.9) 281(34.2) 377(45.9) ≥41 139 10(7.2) 43(30.9) 59(42.4) 家庭年收入/万元 <15 1 234 38(3.1) 7.19 <0.01 377(30.6) 19.16 <0.01 557(45.1) 12.24 <0.01 ≥15 204 14(6.9) 94(46.1) 119(58.3) 性教育知识 尚需改进 1 386 — 448(32.3) 3.23 0.07 642(46.3) 7.31 <0.01 知晓 52 — 23(44.2) 34(65.4) 性教育态度 尚需改进 967 — — 384(39.7) 63.15 <0.01 积极 471 — — 292(62.0) 注: ()内数字为百分率/%; * 数据存在缺失值。 表 2 不同组别幼儿园大班儿童性相关知信行良好率比较
Table 2. Comparison of the good rates of sex-related knowledge, attitude and practice of large class kindergarten children in different groups
组别 选项 人数 良好人数 χ2值 P值 组别 选项 人数 良好人数 χ2值 P值 地区 农村 546 145(26.6) 0.18 0.67 ≥15 204 67(32.8) 城市 892 246(27.6) 家庭类型 单亲家庭 112 26(23.2) 5.52 0.06 幼儿园性质 私立 648 143(22.1) 15.64 <0.01 核心家庭 1 256 338(26.9) 公立 790 248(31.4) 重组家庭 70 27(38.6) 幼儿性别 男 738 161(22.4) 16.99 <0.01 幼儿的主要照顾者 其他照顾者 319 73(22.9) 7.67 0.02 女 700 230(32.0) 父亲或母亲 572 148(25.9) 幼儿年龄/岁 <6 720 166(22.5) 16.90 <0.01 父亲和母亲 547 170(31.1) ≥6 718 225(32.1) 家长性教育知识 尚需改进 1 386 377(27.2) <0.01 0.97 家长年龄/岁 22~30 454 105(23.1) 7.55 0.02 知晓 52 14(26.9) 31~40 821 248(30.2) 家长性教育态度 尚需改进 967 233(24.1) 14.29 <0.01 ≥41 139 36(25.9) 积极 471 158(33.5) 父亲文化程度 高中/中专及以下 976 252(25.8) 2.88 0.09 家长性教育行为 尚需改进 762 175(23.0) 14.61 <0.01 大专/本科及以上 462 139(30.1) 良好 676 216(32.0) 母亲文化程度 高中/中专及以下 913 224(24.5) 8.91 <0.01 是否接受家长 否 808 196(24.3) 8.02 0.01 大专/本科及以上 525 167(31.8) (本人)性教育 是 630 195(31.0) 父亲职业 非教师/医生 1 365 362(26.5) 6.10 0.01 是否接受其他家长 否/不知道 1 069 275(25.7) 4.52 0.03 教师/医生 73 29(39.7) 性教育 是 369 116(31.4) 母亲职业 非教师/医生 1 281 336(26.2) 5.47 0.02 是否接受学校性 否/不知道 1 049 277(26.4) 1.21 0.27 教师/医生 157 55(35.0) 教育 是 389 114(29.3) 家庭年收入/万元 <15 1 234 324(26.3) 3.84 0.05 注: ()内数字为良好率/%;家长年龄数据存在缺失值。 表 3 大班幼儿园儿童性相关知信行良好率的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 414)
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the good rate of sex-related knowledge, attitude and practice of large class kindergarten children (n=1 414)
自变量与常量 选项 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 幼儿园性质 公立 0.53 0.13 17.42 <0.01 1.69(1.32~2.17) 幼儿性别 女 0.56 0.12 20.03 <0.01 1.74(1.37~2.22) 幼儿年龄/岁 ≥6 0.62 0.13 24.44 <0.01 1.86(1.45~2.38) 母亲文化程度 大专/本科及以上 0.32 0.13 5.80 0.02 1.37(1.06~1.77) 家长性教育态度 积极 0.28 0.13 4.31 0.04 1.32(1.02~1.72) 家长性教育行为 良好 0.39 0.13 9.65 <0.01 1.48(1.16~1.89) 常量 -2.30 0.17 174.96 <0.01 注:因家长年龄数据存在缺失值,实际纳入多因素Logistic回归分析人数为1 414名。 -
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