上海市大学生新冠肺炎疫情不同阶段知信行变化情况

曾艺; 孙艺; 杨泽璇; 李圆圆; 钱海红

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.014

上海市大学生新冠肺炎疫情不同阶段知信行变化情况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.014

1.
复旦大学健康传播研究所, 上海 200032
2.
上海市健康促进中心

基金项目:

上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目 GWV-10.1-XK14

详细信息

作者简介:
曾艺(1988-), 女, 四川泸州人, 在读博士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为健康传播、健康教育与健康促进

通讯作者:
钱海红, E-mail: hhqian@fudan.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R 179 G 647.8
计量
- 文章访问数: 358
- HTML全文浏览量: 146
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-09
- 修回日期: 2022-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-25

Changes of knowledge, attitude and practice in different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic among college students in Shanghai

1.
Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai (200032), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市大学生在2020年初新冠肺炎疫情初期和2021年底常态化防控阶段对疫情防控的认知、态度、行为变化及其相关因素，为做好大学生群体疫情防控和健康教育提供参考。方法采用回顾性横断面调查，采用自编问卷，在2021年11—12月面向上海市12所普通高等本专科学校，通过多阶段分层整群抽样方法对上海市913名大学生进行线下调查，采用配对t检验及多因素二分类Logistic回归分析进行研究。结果疫情发生初期大学生对于防控政策的了解度为(2.93±0.94)分，信息判断力为(3.10±0.89)分，对于疫情防控的满意度为(4.11±1.09)分，配合度为(4.31±0.96)分，传播意愿为(3.91±1.15)分；至2021年底，防控政策了解度为(2.95±0.98)分，信息判断力为(3.77±0.94)分，疫情防控满意度为(4.22±1.10)分，配合度为(4.36±0.99)分，传播意愿为(3.97±1.20)分，不同阶段大学生新冠肺炎疫情知信行变化差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。二分类Logistic回归结果显示，学科门类为社科类(OR=0.62)、理科类(OR=0.62)，健康状况自评为较好(OR=0.62)、一般(OR=0.28)与大学生对新冠肺炎疫情的认知、态度改变均呈负相关(P值均＜0.05)，“根据合理的健康信息改变健康行为”中选择“比较符合”(OR=3.31)与大学生对新冠疫情的认知、态度改变呈正相关(P＜0.05)。上海大学生疫情防控相关健康素养普遍较高，测评“较高”(新冠肺炎疫情相关健康素养得分>80)者占79.4%，对新冠肺炎防护知识了解程度自评“非常了解”和“比较了解”的学生占82.6%。结论上海大学生群体从新冠肺炎疫情初期至常态化防控阶段对疫情防控的知信行改变较高，新冠肺炎防控相关健康素养普遍较高；需针对不同特点开展更加精准有效的健康教育和传播，筑牢大学生群体疫情防控屏障。
- 冠状病毒 /
- 健康知识, 态度, 实践 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate and compare the changes and associated factors of knowledge, attitude and practice of college students in Shanghai between the early 2020 and the end of 2021 stages of the COVID-19 epidemic and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide reference for epidemic prevention and health education of college students. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted among 913 college students in 12 colleges and universities in Shanghai in 2021 from November to December with a self-designed questionnaire by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, so as to investigate the changes of college students' health literacy related to COVID-19 and the changes of knowledge, attitude and practice between the early 2020 and the end of 2021 stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Results In the early stage of the epidemic, the average score of understanding of epidemic prevention and control policies was(2.93±0.94), information judgment was(3.10±0.89), satisfaction degree was(4.11±1.09), cooperation degree was(4.31±0.96), communication intention was (3.91±1.15). By the end of 2021, the understanding of prevention and control policies was (2.95±0.98); Information judgment was (3.77±0.94), satisfaction degree was (4.22±1.10), cooperation degree was (4.36±0.99), communication intention was (3.97±1.20), there were significant changes at different stages (P < 0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression showed that majors of social sciences (OR=0.62), majors of natural sciences (OR=0.62), self-rated good health (OR=0.62) and self-rated relatively good health (OR=0.28) were negatively correlated with college students' cognition and attitude changes to the COVID-19 epidemic (P < 0.05), while the choice of "relatively consistent"(OR=3.31) in "change in health behavior according to reasonable health information" was positively correlated with knowledge and attitude changes (P < 0.05). Shanghai college students' health literacy about epidemic prevention was generally high. 79.4% of them had a "relatively high" score (>80), and 82.6% of the students rated themselves "very well" and "relatively well" knew epidemic prevention. Conclusion Relatively high level of health literacy on epidemic prevention is observed among college students in Shanghai. There had been significant changes in their knowledge, attitude, and practice of the epidemic since the early stage. It is necessary to carry out more accurate and effective health education and dissemination according to different characteristics, so as to build the prevention and control barrier of epidemic among college students.
- Coronavirus /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同疫情发生阶段上海大学生新冠肺炎疫情防控知信行得分比较(x±s，n=913)

Table 1. Comparison knowledge, attitude and practice in different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic among college students in Shanghai(x±s, n=913)

时间	对疫情感到害怕担忧	对疫情信息过于繁杂感到焦虑		对疫情信息真伪很难判断		对疫情防控管理最新规定很了解		关注疫情防控科普和防治知识		关注世界及国内疫情最新进展	关注疫苗和药物相关进展	关注疫情防控有关深度报道	对一些防控举措感到不理解
疫情发生初期	3.79±1.15	3.58±1.22		3.48±1.20		3.35±1.06		3.90±1.06		4.04±1.02	3.88±1.07	3.93±1.04	2.65±1.28
常态化防控阶段	2.32±1.06	2.23±1.07		2.22±1.06		3.60±1.04		3.70±1.06		3.62±1.11	3.68±1.13	3.61±1.10	2.50±1.34
t值	32.62	30.03		27.84		-6.04		5.17		9.42	4.95	7.72	3.37
P值	＜0.01	＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

时间	能做到不信谣不传谣		积极传播疫情防控相关知识		愿意为疫情防控贡献力量		能完全配合公共场所疫情防控		对上海疫情信息传播感到满意		对上海疫情防控管理很有信心	对学校疫情信息发布感到满意	对学校疫情防控管理感到满意
疫情发生初期	4.29±0.95		3.99±1.02		4.31±0.88		4.46±0.84		4.32±0.87		4.31±0.89	4.18±0.95	4.14±0.98
常态化防控阶段	4.48±0.87		4.05±1.06		4.40±0.88		4.52±0.80		4.44±0.84		4.49±0.82	4.29±0.98	4.22±1.05
t值	-7.17		-2.10		-3.66		-2.68		-5.69		-8.05	-4.71	-3.07
P值	＜0.01		0.04		＜0.01		0.01		＜0.01		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同疫情发生阶段上海大学生群体知信行情况多因素Logistic回归分析(n=913)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression of the knowledge, attitude, and practice in different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic among college students in Shanghai(n=913)

自变量	组别	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
学科门类	人文类					1.00
	社科类	-0.53	0.24	4.72	0.04	0.62(0.37~0.95)
	理科类	-0.48	0.24	4.04	＜0.05	0.62(0.39~0.99)
健康状况自评	很好					1.00
	较好	-0.47	0.23	4.37	0.04	0.62(0.40~0.97)
	一般	-1.29	0.62	4.32	0.04	0.28(0.08~0.93)
根据合理的健康信息改变健康行为	完全不符合					1.00
	比较符合	1.20	0.56	4.60	0.03	3.31(1.11~9.90)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(18)

[1]	国务院新闻办公室. 抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动白皮书[R/OL]. (2020-06-07)[2021-10-11]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-06/07/content_5517737.htm. The State Council Information Office of the PRC. Fighting COVID-19: China in Action[R/OL]. (2020-06-07)[2021-10-11]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-06/07/content_5517737.htm. (in Chinese)
[2]	AL AHDAB S. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic among the Syrian residents[J]. BMC Public Health, 2021, 21(1): 296. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10353-3
[3]	BEKELE F, SHELEME T, FEKADU G, et al. Patterns and associated factors of COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice among general population and health care workers: a systematic review[J]. SAGE Open Med, 2020, 8: 2050312120970721.
[4]	LIU Y, YU Y, YI W, et al. Public awareness toward COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the pandemic: a systematic review[J]. Med Inform, 2020, 33(23): 88-91.
[5]	FAN Z Y, MOU Y L, CHENG R, et al. Investigation of knowledge, attitude and practice of personal protection among different types of workers returning to work under COVID-19 epidemic[J]. Front Public Health, 2021, 5(9): 5.
[6]	卫生部. 健康66条: 中国公民健康素养读本[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2008: 3-4. Ministry of Health of the PRC. Health 66: a reader on health literacy for Chinese citizens[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2008: 3-4. (in Chinese)
[7]	李新华, 高福. 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎公众防护指南[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2020. LI X H, GAO F. Public prevention of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2020. (in Chinese)
[8]	国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制综合组. 新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第八版)[A/OL]. (2021-05-14)[2021-10-11]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-05/14/content_5606469.htm. The State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for COVID-19. Prevention and control of COVID-19(Edition 8)[A/OL]. (2021-05-14)[2021-10-11]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-05/14/content_5606469.htm. (in Chinese)
[9]	李永鑫, 陈珅. 大学生对新冠肺炎疫情的认知现状及与身心健康的关系[J]. 河南大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 60(3): 20-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDS202003005.htm LI Y X, CHEN S. Cognition of COVID-19 among college students and its relationship with their physical and mental health[J]. J Henan Univ (Soc Sci), 2020, 60(3): 20-25. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDS202003005.htm
[10]	丁闽江, 胡春福. 新冠肺炎疫情对大学生的心理行为影响研究[J]. 江苏海洋大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2020, 18(2): 129-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HHGX202002017.htm DING M J, HU C F. Study on the influence of the epidemic situation of COVID-19 on the psychological behavior of college students[J]. J Jiangsu Ocean Univ(Human Soc Sci Edit), 2020, 18(2): 129-140. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HHGX202002017.htm
[11]	滕婷, 王多月, 夏琳, 等. 新冠肺炎疫情下大学生心理状态调查[J]. 心理月刊, 2020, 15(14): 31-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLYK202014016.htm TENG T, WANG D Y, XIA L, et al. Investigation on the psychological state of college students in epidemic situation of COVID-19[J]. Psychologies, 2020, 15(14): 31-33. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLYK202014016.htm
[12]	谭世君, 明磊, 童世敏, 等. "健康中国"背景下高校大学生健康素养现状及对策[J]. 上海师范大学报(自然科学版), 2021, 50(4): 515. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHDZ202104018.htm TAN S J, MING L, TONG S M, et al. The current situation of college students'health literacy and countermeasures in the context of "Health China"[J]. J Shanghai Norm Univ(Natur Sci), 2021, 50(4): 515. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHDZ202104018.htm
[13]	郭玲, 刘素珍. 某高校在校学生健康素养水平调查[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2011, 32(8): 996-997. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201108045.htm GUO L, LIU S Z. Investigation on the level of health literacy of students in a university[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2011, 32(8): 996-997. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201108045.htm
[14]	李克, 刘永新, 师伯省, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间不同人群知信行及心理状况研究[J]. 中国药业, 2020, 29(9): 49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGZ202009014.htm LI K, LIU Y X, SHI B S, et al. Knowledge-attitude-practice and psychological status of different people during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic[J]. China Pharmaceuti, 2020, 29(9): 49. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGZ202009014.htm
[15]	吴超君, 熊彦, 闫硕, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎常态化防控下扬州市高校学生知信行调查[J]. 医药高职教育与现代护理, 2021, 11(11): 548. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWWS202106022.htm WU C J, XIONG Y, YAN S, et al. A cross-sectional study on knowledge attitude and behavior towards COVID-19 prevention among college students in the phase of prevention and control in Yangzhou[J]. Med Higher Vocat Educ Mod Nurs, 2021, 11(11): 548. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWWS202106022.htm
[16]	赵莹颖, 胡建功, 张艳艳, 等. 北京市顺义区居民新型冠状病毒肺炎知信行调查研究[J]. 中国健康教育, 2020, 36(8): 693-696. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK202008004.htm ZHAO Y Y, HU J G, ZHANG Y Y, et al. Investigation on knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19 among residents in Shunyi District of Beijing[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 2020, 36(8): 693-696. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK202008004.htm
[17]	彭兆龙. 大学生互联网使用与防疫态度和行为关系的调查: 以2020年新冠肺炎疫情为例[J]. 新闻研究导刊, 2020, 11(7): 119-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XWDK202007068.htm PENG Z L. Investigation on the relationship between Internet use and epidemic prevention attitude and behavior of college students: take the 2020 coronavirus as an example[J]. J New Res, 2020, 11(7): 119-120. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XWDK202007068.htm
[18]	曾艺, 李沁园. 新冠肺炎疫情背景下高校应急健康传播体系构建与对策初探[J]. 健康中国观察, 2020(8): 89. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZCG202008033.htm ZENG Y, LI Q Y. Construction and countermeasures of emergency health communication system in colleges under the background of coronavirus epidemic[J]. Healthy China Observ, 2020(8): 89. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZCG202008033.htm