脊柱健康操对成都市脊柱发育异常小学生的矫治效果

王强; 向宁; 刘志杨; 杨立群

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.013

脊柱健康操对成都市脊柱发育异常小学生的矫治效果

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.11.013

王强¹,
向宁^2, ,,
刘志杨¹,
杨立群¹

1.
成都体育学院附属体育医院, 四川 610000
2.
湖南省体育医院

基金项目:

成都体育学院郑怀贤骨伤研究所2021创新课题 GS21ZX03

四川省中医药管理局项目 2021ms503

四川省科技计划项目 2018JY0264

详细信息

作者简介:
王强(1974-), 男, 四川成都人, 大学本科, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为运动治疗肌骨疾病

通讯作者:
向宁, E-mail: 616208008@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R 179 G 627.8 R 726.8
计量
- 文章访问数: 323
- HTML全文浏览量: 131
- PDF下载量: 48
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-07
- 修回日期: 2022-07-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-25

Effect of spinal health exercises on primary school students with spinal dysplasia in Chengdu

1.
Affiliated Sports Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu (610000), China

摘要

摘要: 目的观察脊柱健康操对成都市脊柱发育异常小学生的矫治效果，为改善脊柱倾斜角度和脊柱后凸角度异常提供参考。方法在2020年9月至2021年6月，选取成都市武侯区4所小学中高年级331名小学生，筛查出脊柱弯曲异常者94名，随机分为对照组和观察组各47例。对照组实施为期12周的常规体育活动，观察组在对照组基础上，实施12周线上线下相结合的脊柱健康操训练。采用SpineScan手持式电子脊柱测量仪测试2组对象实施前后的脊柱活动度(颈椎、胸椎的侧屈角度、前屈后伸角度以及旋转角度)、脊柱倾斜角度、脊柱后凸角度、身体平衡度(肩水平线、骶髂后棘水平线)，并采用手持式肺活量计测试两组实验前后的肺活量。结果实施12周干预后，观察组和对照组在颈椎侧屈角度(78.36±3.72，72.39±3.17)°、颈椎前屈后伸角度(112.37±5.17，107.41±4.40)°、颈椎旋转角度(119.37±4.22，112.49±5.78)°、腰椎侧屈角度(49.37±4.12，41.85±3.37)°、腰椎前屈后伸角度(106.47±4.90，98.09±3.84)°、腰椎旋转角度(54.37±5.12，50.30±4.17)°，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.24，2.82，4.02，4.96，4.36，5.75，P值均＜0.05)；两组的脊柱倾斜角度(4.14±0.36，6.02±0.48)°、脊柱后凸角度(30.17±1.82、37.48±2.14)°、肩水平线不平衡度(0.96±0.18，2.30±0.37)°、骶髂后棘水平线不平衡度(0.77±0.15，1.40±0.21)°差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-5.95，-6.74，-7.52，-6.58，P值均＜0.01)；两组肺活量[(2 119.55±115.40)(2 042.47±104.35)mL]差异有统计学意义(t=4.81，P＜0.01)。结论脊柱健康操能提高脊柱弯曲异常小学生的脊柱关节活动度，改善脊柱倾斜角度和脊柱后凸角度异常，提高身体平衡度和肺活量。
- 脊柱弯曲 /
- 学生 /
- 健康教育 /
- 体育和训练
Abstract: Objective To observe the intervention effect of spinal health exercises on primary school students with spinal dysplasia in Chengdu, and to provide a reference for improving abnormal spinal curvature. Methods From September 2020 to June 2021, 331 middle and senior primary school students from four primary schools in Wuhou District, Chengdu were selected, and 94 with abnormal spinal curvature were screened. They were randomly divided into control group (n=47) and observation group(n=47). The control group received 12 weeks of routine sports activities, and the observation group were administered with 12 weeks of online and offline spinal health exercises on the basis of the control group. Spinescan hand-held electronic spine measuring instrument was used to test the spinal mobility (including lateral flexion angle, forward flexion and extension angle and rotation angle of cervical spine and thoracic spine), spinal tilt angle, spinal kyphosis angle and body balance of the two groups before and after implementation (shoulder horizontal line and posterior sacroiliac spine horizontal line); and the vital capacity of the two groups before and after intervention was measured by hand-held spirometer. Results After 12 weeks of implementation, the observation group and the control group including cervical lateral flexion angle (78.36±3.72, 72.39±3.17)°, cervical flexion and extension angle (112.37±5.17, 107.41±4.40)°, cervical rotation angle (119.37±4.22, 112.49±5.78)°, lumbar lateral flexion angle (49.37±4.12, 41.85±3.37)°, lumbar flexion and extension angle (106.47±4.90, 98.09±3.84)°, lumbar rotation angle(54.37±5.12, 50.30±4.17)° the differences were statistically significant(t=5.24, 2.82, 4.02, 4.96, 4.36, 5.75, P < 0.05); Compared with the control group, the inclination angle of spine (4.14±0.36, 6.02±0.48)°, kyphosis angle (30.17±1.82, 37.48±2.14)°, shoulder horizontal line (0.96±0.18, 2.30±0.37)° and posterior sacroiliac spine horizontal line (0.77±0.15, 1.40±0.21)° in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-5.95, -6.74, -7.52, -6.58, P < 0.01); Compared with the control group in vital capacity (2 119.55±115.40, 2 042.47±104.35)mL, the observation group was greater than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(t=4.81, P < 0.01). Conclusion Spinal health exercises can improve the range of motion of spinal joints, the abnormal angle of spinal tilt and kyphosis, as well as the body balance and vital capacity of primary school students with spinal dysplasia.
- Spinal Fusion /
- Students /
- Health education /
- Physical education and training
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 脊柱健康操相关步骤

Table 1. Relevant steps of spine health exercises

项目	具体方法
颈部静态抗阻后伸	选取站立位或坐位，双手抱于脑后的枕部，收紧下颌，头部水平向后发力与双手进行对抗。维持10 s/次，3次/组，连续完成2组。
胸大肌拉伸	上臂外展，与肩平行，屈肘关节90 °，身体前压到产生牵拉感，维持15 s为1次，每侧2次。
“W”字伸展	选取站立位，外展两侧手臂呈“W”型，肘部微屈，双手握拳，大拇指向后。背部发力使两侧肩胛骨向中间收紧，感受背部肌肉的发力。维持2 s/次，10次/组，连续完成2组。
站立侧弯	站立位一手叉腰一手侧举向对侧弯腰，身体不要旋转，感受到腰部的拉伸维持15 s，两边各3次。
压腰	臀部向后坐，双手向前伸展，维持15 s，3次。
猫式伸展	跪于瑜伽垫上，双脚双手张开与髋同宽，手臂、大腿与地面垂直，吸气时抬头挺胸，呼气时含胸拱背，每组20次，共2组。
臀桥	仰卧位，双手抱胸，双腿屈髋屈膝，臀部发力向上做顶跨运动保持不动。维持30 s，共2次。
拉伸股四头肌	站立，一手抓住一个稳定的物体作为支撑。用另一只手抓住同侧脚踝，把脚拉向臀部，上身直立，维持15 s，共3次。
拉伸髂腰肌	站立位双手叉腰向前弓步伸展，上身与地面垂直，骨盆不要旋转，向前顶，维持15 s，共3次。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 小学生干预前后脊柱侧曲角度、前屈角度、后伸角度以及旋转角度比较[x±s，(°)]

Table 2. Comparison of spine lateral flexion angle, flexion angle, retroflex angle and rotation angle of primary school students before and after intervention[x±s, (°)]

组别	人数	颈椎侧屈角度		颈椎前屈后伸角度		颈椎旋转角度
组别	人数	实施前	实施12周后	实施前	实施12周后	实施前	实施12周后
观察组	47	68.40±3.92	78.36±3.72^*	104.96±5.22	112.37±5.17^*	109.37±5.04	119.37±4.22^*
对照组	47	69.88±4.36	72.39±3.17^*	106.02±4.72	107.41±4.40	111.71±6.37	112.49±5.78
t值		-0.51	5.24	-0.48	2.82	-1.23	4.02
P值		0.32	＜0.01	0.43	0.03	0.09	＜0.01

组别	人数	腰椎侧屈角度		腰椎前屈后伸角度		腰椎旋转角度
组别	人数	实施前	实施12周后	实施前	实施12周后	实施前	实施12周后
观察组	47	43.83±2.74	49.37±4.12^*	97.83±3.71	106.47±4.90^*	48.63±4.83	54.37±5.12^*
对照组	47	42.04±3.39	41.85±3.37	98.27±4.30	98.09±3.84	49.92±5.37	50.30±4.17
t值		0.85	4.96	-0.70	4.36	-1.81	5.75
P值		0.13	＜0.01	0.19	＜0.01	0.06	＜0.01
注： *与干预前相比，P＜0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 小学生干预前后脊柱倾斜角度和脊柱后凸角度比较[x±s，(°)]

Table 3. Comparison of spinal inclination angle and kyphosis angle of primary school students before and after intervention[x±s, (°)]

组别	人数	脊柱倾斜角度		脊柱后凸角度
组别	人数	实施前	实施12周后	实施前	实施12周后
观察组	47	6.18±0.66	4.14±0.36^*	42.03±3.37	30.17±1.82^*
对照组	47	6.10±0.52	6.02±0.48	41.47±3.10	37.48±2.14^*
t值		0.13	-5.95	0.46	-6.74
P值		0.90	＜0.01	0.43	＜0.01
注： *与干预前相比，P＜0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 小学生干预前后身体平衡度比较[x±s，(°)]

Table 4. Comparison of body balance and vital capacity of primary school students before and after intervention[x±s, (°)]

组别	人数	肩水平线不平衡度		骶髂后棘水平线不平衡度
组别	人数	实施前	实施12周后	实施前	实施12周后
观察组	47	2.26±0.37	0.96±0.18^*	1.39±0.28	0.77±0.15^*
对照组	47	2.28±0.39	2.30±0.37	1.37±0.22	1.40±0.21
t值		0.08	-7.52	0.14	-6.58
P值		0.96	＜0.01	0.90	＜0.01
注： *与干预前相比，P＜0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(13)

[1]	冯强. 青少年脊柱矢状面形态与功能现状分析[C]. 2017国际体育与健康学术论文报告会暨第八届全国青年体育科学学术会议. 曲阜: 中国体育科学学会, 2017. FENG Q. Analysis on the status quo of sagittal shape and function of adolescent spine[C]. 2017 international sports and health academic paper conference and the eighth national youth sports science academic conference. Qufu: China Sport Science Society, 2017. (in Chinese)
[2]	李同泽, 宋淑华. 青少年体质健康测试中对脊柱异常筛查必要性及可行性的探讨[J]. 当代体育科技, 2018, 35(8): 228-229. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201835130.htm LI T Z, SONG S H. Discussion on the necessity and feasibility of spine abnormality screening in adolescent physical health test[J]. Con Sport Tecnol, 2018, 35(8): 228-229. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201835130.htm
[3]	尹鹏程. 健身气功·五禽戏课外体育活动对小学生脊柱发育影响的实证研究[D]. 大连: 辽宁师范大学, 2021. YIN P C. An empirical study on the influence of Fitness Qigong·Wuqinxi extracurricular sports activities on primary school students' spine development[D]. Dalian: Liaoning Normal University, 2021. (in Chinese)
[4]	徐帅, 苏永佳, 王振波, 等. 中国大陆中小学生脊柱侧凸的患病特点: 关于72项研究的Meta分析[J]. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2021, 31(10): 901-910. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJZS202110007.htm XU S, SU Y J, WANG Z B, et al. Prevalence characteristics of scoliosis among primary and secondary school students in Chinese Mainland: a Meta-analysis of 72 studies[J]. Chin J Spine Spinal Cord, 2021, 31(10): 901-910. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJZS202110007.htm
[5]	儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常防控技术指南编写组, 马军. 《儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常防控技术指南》解读[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(2): 165-170, 175. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.002 Expert Group of Editorial Committee of Technical Guide for Prevention and Control of Abnormal Spinal Curvature in Chinese Children and Adolescents, MA J. Interpretation of Technical Guide for Prevention and Control of Abnormal Spinal Curvature in Children and Adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(2): 165-170, 175. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.02.002
[6]	孙天宝, 方璐, 邹先林, 等. 深圳市儿童青少年常见不良姿态分析[J]. 按摩与康复医学, 2018, 9(12): 6-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AMYD201812004.htm SUN T B, FANG L, ZOU X L, et al. Analysis of common bad posture of children and adolescents in Shenzhen[J]. Chin Manipul Rehabil Med, 2018, 9(12): 6-7. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AMYD201812004.htm
[7]	胡双双. 青少年脊柱健康水平现状: 以同济大学为例[C]. 2018年中国生理学会运动生理学专业委员会会议暨"科技创新与运动生理学"学术研讨会. 郑州: 中国运动生理学专业委员会, 2018. HU S S. Current situation of adolescent spinal health: taking Tongji University as an example[C]. 2018 meeting of the professional committee of exercise physiology of the Chinese Physiological Society and the academic seminar on "scientific and technological innovation and exercise physiology". Zhengzhou: Chinese Society of Exercise Physiology, 2018. (in Chinese)
[8]	中共中央, 国务院. 进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担[N]. 人民日报, 2021-07-25(01). Central Committee of the Communist Part of China, the State Council of the PRC. Further reduce the burden of homework and after-school training for students in the stage of compulsory education[N]. People's Daily, 2021-07-25(01). (in Chinese)
[9]	吴琼. 北京市小学高年级学生驼背的致因及干预研究[D]. 北京: 北京体育大学, 2019. WU Q. Study on the causes and intervention of hump among senior primary school students in Beijing[D]. Beijing: Beijing Sport University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[10]	蒋志成, 徐慧琼, 万宇辉, 等. 儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常筛查研究进展[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(2): 312-315, 320. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.037 JIANG Z C, XU H Q, WAN Y H, et al. Research progress in screening for abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(2): 312-315, 320. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.037
[11]	胡婷, 周劲松, 王卓慧, 等. 成都市青羊区小学儿童特发性脊柱侧弯现状及其相关因素分析[J/OL]. (2021-11-12)[2022-03-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1346.R.20211112.1522.022.html. HU T, ZHOU J S, WANG Z H, et al. Analysis on the current situation and related factors of idiopathic scoliosis in primary school children in Qingyang District, Chengdu[J/OL]. (2021-11-12)[2022-03-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1346.R.20211112.1522.022.html. (in Chinese)
[12]	马偲铭, 王连成, 杜良波, 等. 物理治疗脊柱侧弯特定运动对轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的康复疗效[J]. 中国临床研究, 2021, 34(9): 1240-1244. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCK202109020.htm MA S M, WANG L C, DU L B, et al. Physical therapy scoliosis rehabilitation effect of specific exercise on mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis[J]. Chin J Clinres Res, 2021, 34(9): 1240-1244. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCK202109020.htm
[13]	麦全安, 李志敢, 张未贞. 身体功能训练干预小学生上交叉综合征的影响[J]. 解剖学研究, 2021, 43(5): 546-550. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDJP202105014.htm MAI Q A, LI Z G, ZHANG W Z. Effect of physical function training on primary school students with superior crossing syndrome[J]. Anatomy Res, 2021, 43(5): 546-550. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDJP202105014.htm