Clinical application of WeChat applet in caries prevention among 5-year-old children
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摘要:
目的 评估基于微信小程序的口腔卫生宣教对5岁儿童龋病预防的临床效果，为新技术应用于儿童龋病的预防提供参考。 方法 选取2021年8—10月于合肥市口腔医院儿童口腔科就诊的123例5岁高龋活性乳牙列儿童，由随机数字表分为实验组(64名)和对照组(59名)。对照组接受常规口腔卫生宣教，实验组在对照组基础上应用微信小程序接收刷牙提醒及口腔宣教视频推送。比较干预后3个月、干预后6个月两组儿童的患龋风险、菌斑指数、牙龈指数、龋失补牙面数、龋失补牙数、监护人口腔健康知信行状况。 结果 干预后6个月，高患龋风险儿童比例实验组(14.06%)低于对照组(67.80%)(Z=-5.85，P＜0.05)；菌斑指数实验组[1(1, 2)]低于对照组[2(2, 3)]，龋失补牙面数实验组(12.17±8.30)低于对照组(15.18±6.24)，监护人口腔健康知信行得分实验组[78(74, 81)]高于对照组[68(63, 71)]，差异均有统计学意义(Z/t值分别为-6.67，-2.29，8.94，P值均＜0.05)。 结论 应用微信小程序进行口腔卫生宣教可有效降低儿童患龋风险，改善儿童口腔卫生情况，提高监护人口腔健康知信行状况。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of WeChat applet on caries prevention of 5-year-old children, and to provide reference for the application of new technology in the prevention of dental caries in children. Methods Five-year-old children with high caries risk from Pediatrics Dentistry of Hefei Stomatological Hospital were randomly recruited and divided into experimental group (n=64) and control group (n=59) during August to October 2021. The control group received routine oral health education, while the experimental group received tooth brushing reminders and video push notifications of oral health education. Caries risk, plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), decayed missing filled tooth (dmft), decayed missing filled tooth surface (dmfts) as well as oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) score of guardians were compared between the two groups 6 months after intervention. Results At six months after intervention, the percentage of children with high caries risk in the experimental group (14.06%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (67.80%)(Z=-5.85, P < 0.05). The PLI in the experimental group [1(1, 2)] was significantly lower than that of the control group [2(2, 3)]. The dmfts of children in the experimental group (12.17±8.30)was significantly lower than that of the control group(15.18±6.24). The oral health KAP score of the guardians in the experimental group [78(74, 81)] was significantly higher than that of the control group [68(63, 71)](Z/t=-6.67, -2.29, 8.94, P < 0.05). Conclusion The integration of WeChat applet technology into oral health education can effectively improve oral health condition of children and enhance the oral health KAP of guardians. -
Key words:
- Communications media /
- Dental caries /
- Oral hygiene /
- Health promotion /
- Intervention studies /
- Child, preschool
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表 1 实验组与对照组儿童口腔卫生一般资料及知信行问卷得分比较[M(P25，P75)]
Table 1. Comparison of general data between experimental and control groups of children[M(P25, P75)]
组别 人数 龋易感性值 菌斑指数 牙龈指数 龋失补牙数 龋失补牙面数* 知信行问卷得分* 实验组 64 2.5(2, 2.5) 3(3, 4) 2(1, 2) 5(3, 8) 10.88±7.78 58.55±3.91 对照组 59 2.5(2, 2.5) 3(3, 4) 2(1, 2) 6(4, 8) 10.85±5.24 59.54±4.08 t/Z值 -0.31 -0.18 -0.27 -0.66 0.02 -1.40 P值 0.76 0.86 0.79 0.51 0.98 0.16 注： *为(x±s)。 
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表 2 实验组与对照组儿童干预后口腔卫生状况比较[M(P25, P75)]
Table 2. Comparison of children's oral health status between experimental and control groups[M(P25, P75)]
组别 人数 菌斑指数 牙龈指数 龋失补牙数 龋失补牙面数 干预后3个月 干预后6个月 干预后3个月 干预后6个月 干预后3个月 干预后6个月 干预后3个月 干预后* 6个月 实验组 64 2(1, 2) 1(1, 2) 1(1, 2) 1(1, 2) 5(3, 8) 6(3, 8) 11(4, 15) 12.17±8.30 对照组 59 2(2, 3) 2(2, 3) 1(1, 2) 1(1, 2) 6(4, 8) 6(5, 8) 11(7, 16) 15.18±6.24 t/Z值 -5.44 -6.67 -0.21 -1.57 -0.84 -1.80 -0.79 -2.29 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.84 0.12 0.40 0.07 0.43 0.02 注： *为(x±s)。
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表 3 干预后实验组与对照组儿童龋易感性分布情况
Table 3. Distribution of children's caries risks between experimental and control groups
时间 组别 人数 高风险 中风险 低风险 干预后3个月 实验组 64 50(78.13) 12(18.75) 2(3.12) 对照组 59 54(91.53) 5(8.47) 0 干预后6个月 实验组 64 9(14.06) 48(75.00) 7(10.94) 对照组 59 40(67.80) 17(28.81) 2(3.39) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 实验组与对照组儿童监护人干预后口腔健康知信行得分比较(x±s)
Table 4. Comparison of children guardians' oral health KAP between experimental and control groups(x±s)
组别 人数 干预后3个月 干预后6个月* 实验组 64 70.59±3.61 78(74, 81) 对照组 59 64.56±4.64 68(63, 71) t/Z值 8.01 8.94 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 注： *为M(P25，P75)。
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