广州市托幼儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤监测状况

陈思宇; 刘伟; 刘伟佳; 吴德平; 林蓉; 孙艺; 熊莉华

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.030

广州市托幼儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤监测状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.030

广东省广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部，510440

基金项目:

广州市卫生健康科技项目 20211A010045

详细信息

作者简介:
陈思宇(1986-)，女，广东东莞人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康监测与健康促进

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R181.3 G617.8 R183
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-15
- 修回日期: 2022-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Monitoring of absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms and diseases among preschoolers in Guangzhou

Department of School Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou(510440), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2018—2020学年广州市托幼机构儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤的情况，为托幼机构呼吸道传染病防控提供参考。方法从“广州市健康监测系统”收集筛选2018—2020学年托幼机构儿童因病缺勤数据，利用R 4.1.3软件进行分析。结果 2018—2020学年分别对1 965，2 019，2 236所托幼机构开展监测，3学年儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤率分别为3.08‰，2.02‰。托班、小班、中班及大班因呼吸道症状缺勤率分别为3.75‰，4.17‰，2.97‰，2.09‰，因呼吸道疾病缺勤率分别为2.34‰，2.60‰，1.94‰，1.50‰，高年级缺勤率低于低年级(χ²值分别为65 197.95，27 929.44，P值均 < 0.01)；男生因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤率(3.11‰，2.05‰)高于女生(3.06‰，1.97‰)(χ²值分别为57.71，229.45，P值均 < 0.01)。托幼儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤呈现12月及次年5月2个高峰，2019学年第二学期开始(新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生后)，呼吸道症状/疾病导致的缺课率较之前同期降低。结论由呼吸道症状或疾病导致的缺勤占因病缺勤总量的一半，且具有季节性，低年龄段及男生是因呼吸道症状/疾病缺勤的重点关注对象。应充分发挥学校晨检系统症状监测的及时预警作用。
- 呼吸道疾病 /
- 人群监测 /
- 缺勤 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To analyse monitoring absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms/diseases among preschoolers in Guangzhou, and to provide reference for risk prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in kindergartens. Methods Data of absenteeism due to symptoms and diseases in kindergartens were collected from "Guangzhou Student Health Monitoring System", and was analyzed by using R 4.1.3 software. Results During 2018-2020 academic year, there were 1 965, 2 019, 2 236 kindergartens being monitored respectively. The absenteeism rate of kindergarten's children due to respiratory symptoms and diseases in Guangzhou were 3.08‰ and 2.02‰. The absenteeism rates due to respiratory symptoms were 3.75‰, 4.17‰, 2.97‰ and 2.09‰ in baby class, junior class, middle class and senior class, respectively. The absenteeism rates due to respiratory diseases were 2.34‰, 2.60‰, 1.94‰ and 1.50‰, respectively. The absenteeism rate in higher grade was lower than that in lower grade(χ²=65 197.95, 27 929.44, P < 0.01). The absenteeism rates of boys (3.11‰, 2.05‰) due to respiratory symptoms/diseases were significantly higher than those of girls (3.06‰, 1.97‰)(χ²=57.71, 229.45, P < 0.01). The absenteeism of preschoolers due to respiratory symptoms/diseases showed two peaks in December of the this year and May of the following year. At the beginning of the second semester of 2019 academic year (after the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019), the absenteeism rate due to respiratory symptoms/diseases were lower than those of the same period in previous years. Conclusions The absences due to respiratory symptoms or diseases not only accounted for half of the total absences due to illness, but also had seasonal characteristics. Children in the youngerage group and most boys are treated as a focus group for absence due to respiratory symptoms/illnesses. It's necessary to give full use of timely warning function of health monitoring system.
- Respiratory tract diseases /
- Public health surveillance /
- Absenteeism /
- Child
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图 1 广州市2018—2020学年托幼机构儿童呼吸道症状缺勤状况的时间分布

Figure 1. Time distribution of children's respiratory symptoms absent from kindergartens in Guangzhou during 2018-2020 school year

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图 2 广州市2018—2020学年托幼机构儿童呼吸道疾病缺勤状况的时间分布

Figure 2. Time distribution of children's respiratory diseases absent from kindergartens in Guangzhou during 2018-2020 school year

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 广州市2018—2020学年托幼机构儿童缺课基本情况

Table 1. Basic situation of absenteeism in kindergartens in Guangzhou during 2018-2020

学年	监测总人数	病情状态/人天		症状缺勤/人天	症状缺课率/‰	有症状而未就诊缺勤/人天	疾病缺勤/人天	疾病缺课率/‰
学年	监测总人数	新发	续报	症状缺勤/人天	症状缺课率/‰	有症状而未就诊缺勤/人天	疾病缺勤/人天	疾病缺课率/‰
2018	497 072	391 353	278 936	670 289	7.02	302 052	368 237	3.86
2019	498 708	251 712	165 670	417 381	6.44	210 179	207 202	3.20
2020	588 058	381 292	397 074	778 366	6.69	349 728	428 639	3.68

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表 2 广州市2018—2020学年不同性别托幼机构儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺课率比较

Table 2. Comparison of absenteeism rates due to respiratory symptoms/diseases among kindergarten children by gender in Guangzhou during 2018-2020 school year

学年	性别	监测人数	统计值	因呼吸道症状缺课/人天	因呼吸道疾病缺课/人天
2018	男	269 526		169 390(3.27)	116 113(2.24)
	女	227 546		140 916(3.23)	95 242(2.18)
			χ²值	16.74	43.59
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
2019	男	269 586		106 101(3.03)	80 808(2.31)
	女	229 122		90 560(3.04)	67 475(2.27)
			χ²值	0.89	11.53
			P值	0.35	< 0.01
2020	男	315 728		188 607(3.02)	109 703(1.75)
	女	272 330		158 036(2.93)	88 466(1.64)
			χ²值	72.42	222.22
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计	男	854 840		464 097(3.11)	306 624(2.05)
	女	728 998		389 511(3.06)	251 183(1.97)
			χ²值	57.71	229.45
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：()内数字为缺课率/‰。

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表 3 广州市不同年级托幼机构儿童因呼吸道症状/疾病缺课率比较

Table 3. Comparison of absenteeism rates due to respiratory symptoms/diseases among kindergarten children in different grades in Guangzhou

学年	班级	监测人数	统计值	因呼吸道症状缺课/人天	因呼吸道疾病缺课/人天
2018	托班	9 984		8 108(4.23)^abc	5 256(2.74)^abc
	小班	148 828		128 282(4.49)^de	81 874(2.87)^de
	中班	161 122		98 415(3.18)^f	67 301(2.18)^f
	大班	177 138		75 501(2.22)	56 924(1.67)
			χ²值	25 289.16	10 239.74
2019	托班	9 214		5 248(4.38)^abc	3 236(2.70)^abc
	小班	154 179		78 592(3.92)^de	57 404(2.86)^de
	中班	167 883		63 354(2.90)^f	47 272(2.17)^f
	大班	167 432		49 467(2.27)	40 371(1.85)
			χ²值	10 230.80	4 936.64
2020	托班	9 076		5 055(2.81)^ac	2 978(1.66)^ac
	小班	209 438		169 049(4.08)^de	95 078(2.29)^de
	中班	185 540		104 463(2.84)^f	58 808(1.60)^f
	大班	184 004		68 076(1.87)	41 305(1.13)
			χ²值	32 208.32	15 666.14
合计	托班	28 274		18 411(3.75)	11 472(2.34)
	小班	512 445		375 922(4.17)	234 355(2.60)
	中班	514 545		266 232(2.97)	173 380(1.94)
	大班	528 574		193 043(2.09)	138 600(1.50)
			χ²值	65 197.95	27 929.44
注：()内数字为缺课率/‰，P值均 < 0.01。多重比较，a与同学年小班缺课率比较，b与同学年中班缺课率比较，c与同学年大班缺课率比较，d与同学年中班缺课率比较，e与同学年大班缺课率比较，f与同学年大班缺课率比较，P < 0.008 3。

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