Correlation analysis between daily behavior and physical health of middle school students in Tianjin
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摘要:
目的 探讨以中学生身体活动、屏幕时间、睡眠时间构成的日常行为与体质健康之间的关系，为开展中学生体质健康干预提供参考。 方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法，对天津市12所中学1 614名学生进行体质健康测试和日常行为调查，调查内容包括中学生的中高强度身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间状况；参考《加拿大24小时活动指南》将受试者的行为划分为“全达标组”“达标2项组”“达标1项组”和“未达标组”4组；体质健康风险相关因素采用二元Logistic回归分析。 结果 仅有5.2%的男生、4.2%的女生3项行为全达标，16.4%的男生、16.3%的女生3项行为均未达标；达标2项组和全达标组体质健康综合评价优良率分别占比77.7%，71.8%。中学生身体活动不足的体质健康风险是达标者的1.76倍，屏幕时间过长体质健康风险是达标者的1.34倍，睡眠时间不足体质健康风险是达标者的2.86倍、超重肥胖风险是达标者的1.49倍(P值均 < 0.05)；与全达标的中学生相比，未达标组体质健康风险是其3.63倍，仅达标1项组是其2.10倍(P值均 < 0.01)。 结论 中学生身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间2项以上达标者更容易获得较高的体质健康水平并降低超重肥胖风险，中学生应积极从事体育活动，尽可能增加中高强度身体活动、减少屏幕时间，保持健康睡眠习惯，以获得更好的健康水平。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity, screen time, sleep duration and physical health of middle school students, to provide reference for physical health intervention in middle school students. Methods A total of 1 614 students from 12 middle schools in Tianjin were investigated by stratified random cluster sampling. According to the "Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth", participants were divided into 4 groups: "full qualified group", "2-item qualified group", "1-item qualified group" and "unqualified group". Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to predict physical health risk. Results Only 5.2% boys and 4.2% girls met the standard in all three behaviors, and 16.4% boys and 16.3% girls failed to meet the standard in all three behaviors. The excellent and good rates were 77.7% and 71.8% in the 2-item qualified group and the full qualified group, respectively. The physical health risk of middle school students with insufficient physical activity was 1.76 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard, and the physical health risk of students with too much screen time was 1.34 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard. Physical health risk of middle school students with insufficient sleep duration was 2.86 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard, and the risk of overweight and obesity was 1.49 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard (P < 0.05). Compared with the middle school students who achieved all the standards, physical health risk of unqualified group was 3.63 times, and that of the 1-item qualified group was 2.10 times (P < 0.01). Conclusion Middle school students meet two or more recommendations in physical activity, screen time and sleep duration are more likely to have better physical health and lower risk of overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that students should engage in active sports to increase the high intensity of physical activity, reduce screen time, maintain a healthy sleep habits, in order to obtain better health level. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Fixation, ocular /
- Sleep /
- Body constitution /
- Regression anaysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同性别各年级中学生日常行为及体质测量结果比较(x ±s)
Table 1. Comparison of daily behavior and physical measurement results in different grades and genders middle school students(x ±s)
性别 年级 人数 统计值 MVPA/(min·d-1) SB/(min·d-1) SLP/(min·d-1) BMI/(kg·m-2) 体质综合评分 男 初一 26 52.74±16.00 541.48±77.27 868.46±61.58 18.89±3.15 81.53±10.82 初二 24 49.15±23.43 563.56±97.61 838.54±48.38 19.96±2.52 88.09±7.57 初三 25 60.83±17.68 569.32±76.31 838.80±84.18 20.02±3.08 89.11±8.09 高一 26 61.65±23.52 531.31±105.54 710.00±66.63 21.41±2.89 81.75±10.99 高二 24 58.11±27.63 553.75±84.46 710.63±57.40 21.42±2.51 78.50±7.24 高三 24 49.78±18.15 568.27±92.96 697.40±43.76 22.33±3.23 75.52±9.01 F值 1.60 1.28 40.99 25.26 42.22 P值 0.17 0.28 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 女 初一 23 42.99±18.94 563.61±109.73 837.83±48.94 19.89±3.58 84.99±11.81 初二 26 47.47±16.98 574.12±83.66 827.08±53.30 19.91±2.45 84.84±5.45 初三 26 48.67±19.19 574.90±82.22 830.62±66.82 20.12±2.83 87.57±8.42 高一 23 49.52±20.06 597.41±88.21 702.29±57.77 21.46±3.08 82.06±8.81 高二 25 48.98±24.24 586.76±103.29 713.20±52.48 21.30±2.79 78.66±5.68 高三 26 42.07±16.91 603.92±96.84 640.60±52.78 21.11±2.76 80.06±7.79 F值 1.59 1.76 56.35 8.57 22.65 P值 1.59 0.12 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 不同性别年级中学生日常行为达标率比较
Table 2. The compliance rate of daily behavior in different grades and genders middle school students
性别 年级 人数 统计值 MVPA达标人数 ST达标人数 SLP达标人数 男 初一 132 27(20.5) 85(64.4) 93(70.5) 初二 117 21(17.9) 77(65.8) 109(93.2) 初三 105 23(21.9) 73(69.5) 94(89.5) 高一 137 17(12.4) 101(73.7) 15(10.9) 高二 156 14(9.0) 99(63.5) 21(13.5) 高三 140 9(6.4) 97(69.3) 8(5.7) χ2值 21.62 4.71 445.28 P值 < 0.01 0.45 < 0.01 女 初一 136 14(10.3) 98(72.1) 78(57.4) 初二 132 22(16.7) 85(64.4) 119(90.2) 初三 129 23(17.8) 93(72.1) 111(86.0) 高一 141 12(8.5) 112(79.4) 11(7.8) 高二 141 9(6.4) 87(61.7) 15(10.6) 高三 148 10(6.8) 112(75.7) 10(6.8) χ2值 17.38 15.30 442.77 P值 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.01 注：()内数字为达标率/%。
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表 3 不同日常行为组中学生BMI和体质综合评价结果分布比较
Table 3. Comprehensive evaluation results of different daily behavioral groups of middle school students
日常行为 人数 BMI 体质综合评价结果 超重肥胖 正常 低体重 优良 及格 不及格 未达标 264 70(26.5) 190(72.0) 4(1.5) 115(43.6) 138(52.3) 11(4.2) 达标1项 772 199(25.8) 566(72.3) 7(0.9) 441(57.1) 318(41.2) 13(1.7) 达标2项 502 90(17.9) 396(78.9) 16(3.2) 390(77.7) 110(21.9) 2(0.4) 全达标 78 16(20.5) 62(79.5) 0 56(71.8) 21(26.9) 1(1.3) χ2值 23.21 109.87 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 中学生日常行为和体质健康风险的Logistic回归分析(n=1 614)
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of the daily behavior and physical health risk of middle school students(n=1 614)
自变量 推荐量 超重肥胖 体质健康 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 MVPA 未达标 1.14(1.17~1.90) 0.31 1.76(1.25~2.49) < 0.01 达标 1.00 1.00 ST 未达标 1.09(0.89~1.46) 0.48 1.34(1.07~1.67) 0.01 达标 1.00 1.00 SLP 未达标 1.49(1.17~1.90) < 0.01 2.86(2.30~3.56) < 0.01 达标 1.00 1.00 日常行为 未达标 1.60(0.84~3.03) 1.15 3.63(2.06~6.39) < 0.01 达标1项 1.54(0.84~2.81) 0.16 2.10(1.24~3.57) < 0.01 达标2项 0.97(0.52~1.80) 0.92 0.80(0.46~1.40) 0.44 全达标 1.00 1.00
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