大学生风险感知自我效能和态度与新冠肺炎防护行为的关系

张璐明; 胡成洋; 黄凯; 丁坤; 张康娣; 程馨; 杨晓静; 张秀军

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.023

大学生风险感知自我效能和态度与新冠肺炎防护行为的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.023

张璐明^{1, 2},
胡成洋³,
黄凯¹,
丁坤¹,
张康娣¹,
程馨¹,
杨晓静¹,
张秀军^1, ,

1.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，合肥 230032
2.
合肥市卫生健康委员会
3.
安徽医科大学人文医学学院人文医学系

基金项目:

安徽省自然科学基金项目 2008085MH263

安徽医科大学校基金项目 20149xkj019

详细信息

作者简介:
张璐明(1985-)，女，安徽阜阳人，在读硕士，四级主任科员，主要研究方向为心理行为流行病学

通讯作者:
张秀军，E-mail：zhangxiujun@ahmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G647.8 R193 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-14
- 修回日期: 2022-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Group risk perception and self-efficacy with individual prevention/control behaviors among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

1.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230032), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨大学生群体风险感知、自我效能和态度与新型冠状病毒肺炎个体防护行为的关系，为疫情防控干预措施提供参考依据。方法 2021年10—11月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，抽取安徽省8所高校大学生4 092名进行问卷调查，使用t检验和方差分析进行组间比较，采用多重线性回归分析探讨大学生群体风险感知、自我效能和态度与新型冠状病毒肺炎个体防护行为的关系。结果大学生情感风险感知(ARP)总分为(19.72±4.01)分，认知风险感知(CRP)总分为(14.56±3.64)分，距离感知(DIP)总分为(18.04±5.33)分，自我效能总分为(27.27±6.74)分，态度信念总分为(26.15±4.54)分，个体防护行为总分为(25.67±4.45)分。情感风险感知(β=0.16)、认知风险感知(β=0.08)、态度(β=0.23)和自我效能(β=0.13)均与大学生个体防护行为正向相关(P值均 < 0.01)，而距离感知作用无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大学生群体风险感知、自我效能和态度与新型冠状病毒肺炎个体防护行为相关。高校应强化大学生的一般自我效能感和关注态度，提高学生风险认知水平，促进校园疫情的有效防控。
- 感知风险 /
- 自我效能 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between group risk perception, self-efficacy and attitudes among college students, and its associations with individual prevention and control behaviors regarding COVID-19 pandemic. Methods From October to November 2021, data were collected among 4 092 undergraduate students from eight colleges and universities in Anhui Province, using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A t-test and analysis of variance were performed for comparison between groups, while multiple linear regression was employed to investigate group risk perception, self-efficacy and attitudes among college students in terms of individual COVID-19 prevention and control measures. Results The total scores of group emotional risk perception (ARP), cognitive risk perception (CRP), distance perception (DIP) and self-efficacy were (19.72±4.01)(14.56±3.64)(18.04±5.33) and (27.27±6.74), respectively. The total score of attitudes and beliefs was (26.15±4.54), while individual prevention and control behavior was (25.67±4.45). Emotional risk perception (β=0.16), cognitive risk perception (β=0.08), attitudes (β=0.23) and self-efficacy (β=0.13) were positively correlated with individual prevention and control behaviors of college students(P < 0.05). However, distance risk perception had no significant effect (P>0.05). Conclusion Risk perception, self-efficacy and attitude of college students are correlated with individual COVID-19 prevention and control behaviors. Therefore, colleges and universities should strengthen general self-efficacy and attitude, and improve risk awareness towards COVID-19 among college students, and promote the effective prevention and control of campus epidemic.
- Perceived risk /
- Self-efficacy /
- Mental health /
- Coronavirus /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征大学生自我效能、态度和个体防控行为得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Scores comparison of self-efficacy, attitude and individual prevention and control behavior among college students with different demographic characteristics(x±s)

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	自我效能	态度	个体防控行为
性别	男	1 990		28.32±6.91	26.05±4.90	25.34±4.81
	女	2 102		26.27±6.42	26.25±4.18	25.98±4.05
			t值	9.80	-1.46	-4.64
			P值	< 0.01	0.14	< 0.01
年龄/岁	15~20	3 234		27.23±6.72	26.11±4.60	25.74±4.38
	21~25	839		27.35±6.85	26.29±4.35	25.43±4.66
	26~33	19		30.00±5.49	27.11±2.38	24.58±5.98
			F值	-1.68	-0.96	2.18
			P值	0.19	0.38	0.11
家庭所在地	城镇	2 087		27.77±6.87	26.30±4.62	35.77±4.54
	农村	2 005		26.75±6.57	26.00±4.46	35.56±4.34
			t值	4.83	2.10	1.53
			P值	< 0.01	0.04	0.13
是否为医学类	否	2 009		27.44±7.09	26.29±4.51	35.78±4.54
	是	2 083		27.10±6.38	26.03±4.57	35.56±4.35
			t值	1.62	1.83	1.57
			P值	0.11	0.07	0.12
学历	本科	3 839		27.21±6.77	26.11±4.59	35.67±4.46
	硕士	253		28.17±6.19	26.81±3.77	35.73±4.26
			t值	-2.21	-2.83	-0.21
			P值	0.03	< 0.01	0.83
每月生活费/元	< 1 000	748		27.84±7.10	26.32±4.47	36.11±4.53
	1 000~ < 2 000	3 010		26.95±6.55	26.10±4.51	35.60±4.37
	≥2 000	334		28.83±7.28	26.32±5.03	35.34±4.90
			t值	15.10	0.95	4.96
			P值	< 0.01	0.39	< 0.01
是否独生子女	是	1 431		28.14±7.01	26.33±4.73	35.86±4.60
	否	2 661		26.80±6.54	26.06±4.44	35.57±4.36
			t值	5.98	1.80	1.97
			P值	< 0.01	0.72	< 0.05
是否单亲家庭	是	313		27.73±6.71	26.04±4.36	35.34±4.70
	否	3 779		27.23±6.74	26.16±4.56	35.70±4.42
			t值	1.27	-0.47	-1.39
			P值	0.21	0.64	0.17
参加新型冠病毒肺炎相关知识培训情况	有	2 525		27.86±6.85	26.22±4.76	36.09±4.34
参加新型冠病毒肺炎相关知识培训情况	无	1 567		26.32±6.46	26.04±4.11	34.99±4.53
			t值	7.22	1.31	7.70
			P值	< 0.01	0.19	< 0.01

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表 2 大学生风险感知、自我效能、态度的相关性分析(r值，n=4 092)

Table 2. Correlation analysis of college students' perception, self-efficacy, attitude and individual prevention and control behavior(r, n=4 092)

变量	情感风险感知	认知风险感知	距离感知	自我效能	态度
认知风险感知	0.36
距离感知	0.53	0.14
自我效能	0.10	0.26	0.04
态度	0.17	0.15	0.10	0.13
个体防护行为	0.22	0.19	0.10	0.24	0.29
注：P值均 < 0.01。

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表 3 大学生风险感知与自我效能、态度和新冠肺炎疫情个体防护行为多重线性回归分析(n=4 092)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of risk perception, self-efficacy, attitude and individual prevention and control behavior of college students(n=4 092)

常数与自变量	态度			自我效能			个体防护行为
常数与自变量	β值	t值	P值	β值	t值	P值	β值	t值	P值
常数	20.91	46.71	< 0.01	19.84	24.84	< 0.01	20.93	38.52	< 0.01
性别	0.23	1.62	0.11	-1.87	-9.26	< 0.01	0.88	6.77	< 0.01
情感风险感知	0.14	6.57	< 0.01	-0.01	-0.31	0.76	0.16	7.88	< 0.01
认知风险感知	0.13	6.19	< 0.01	0.03	14.46	< 0.01	0.08	3.90	< 0.01
距离感知	0.01	0.81	0.42	0.02	0.78	0.44	-0.02	-1.07	0.28
态度				0.15	6.56	0.02	0.23	15.77	< 0.01
自我效能							0.13	13.18	< 0.01
R²值	0.04			0.09			0.04
调整R²值	0.04			0.09			0.04
P值	< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01

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