绘画团体心理辅导对听力障碍学生自我意识和社会适应能力的干预效果

孟晓娟; 寇霞; 王娅茹; 潘新霞; 李亚杰; 刘晓芹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.021

绘画团体心理辅导对听力障碍学生自我意识和社会适应能力的干预效果

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.021

1.
潍坊医学院心理学院，山东 261053
2.
上海外国语大学
3.
潍坊聋哑学校

基金项目:

中国残疾人联合会课题项目 21 & ZC012

详细信息

作者简介:
孟晓娟(1996-)，女，新疆库尔勒人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童发展与教育

通讯作者:
刘晓芹，E-mail：lxq1969383@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 G762 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-13
- 修回日期: 2022-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Intervention effect of painting group psychological counseling on self-awareness and social adaptability of hearing-impaired students

1.
School of Psychology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang(261053), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究绘画团体心理辅导改善其自我意识，进而提高社会适应能力水平的效果，为进一步保障听力障碍学生的心理健康做参考。方法采用儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和社会适应能力诊断量表对山东省某聋哑学校三到九年级74名听力障碍学生进行问卷调查，根据自我意识设计主题绘画团体心理辅导，以各年级为单位团体，实施每周1次共8次的绘画团体心理辅导，并在辅导结束1周后再次进行相同的问卷调查。结果 10~12和13~16岁2个年龄阶段的听力障碍学生自我意识都低于其相应年龄段的全国常模水平(t值分别为-6.51，-8.50，P值均 < 0.01)；其社会适应能力得分为(2.89±8.26)分，处于很差水平；听力障碍学生自我意识和社会适应能力之间呈正相关，自我意识能够预测听力障碍学生的社会适应能力水平(F=9.04，P < 0.05)。经过绘画团体心理辅导后，三到九年级学生的自我意识水平高于辅导前；三、四、五、六、八年级听障学生的社会适应能力水平高于辅导前(P值均 < 0.05)。结论自我意识对听力障碍学生社会适应能力水平有一定影响，绘画团体心理辅导在改善其自我意识的基础上能进一步影响社会适应能力水平。
- 听力障碍 /
- 社会适应 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of improving these traits through art therapy group meetings as a form of psychological counseling, so as to promote mental wellness among this population. Methods A total of 74 hearing-impaired students from grades 3 to 9 were surveyed with the Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and Social Adaptability Scale. Eight art therapy group meetings, as a form of psychological counseling, were then held. Results Self-consciousness among hearing-impaired students aged 10-12 and 13-16 years old was significantly lower than the national norm (t=-6.51, -8.50, P < 0.01). The social adaptability level of this group was very poor(2.89±8.26), and a significant positive correlation was found between self-awareness and social adaptability among hearing-impaired students. Further, self-awareness could predict the social adaptability of these students (F=9.04, P < 0.05). After group psychological counseling intervention, there was significant increases in self-consciousness among students from grades 3 to 9, and significant increases were also found in the social adaptability of students in grades 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Self-awareness shows certain influence on the social adaptability level of hearing-impaired students, and group psychological counseling can promote social adaptability by improving self-awareness among this population.
- Hearing disorders /
- Social adjustment /
- Mental health /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
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1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同年龄听障学生自我意识及各维度得分与常模比较(x ±s)

Table 1. Comparison of the scores of self-awareness and dimensions of hearing-impaired students at different ages with the norm(x ±s)

年龄/岁	组别	人数	统计值	自我意识	行为	智力	躯体外貌	焦虑	合群	幸福
10~12	听力障碍组	37		47.49±7.79	9.97±2.69	9.95±3.35	6.62±2.41	8.59±2.56	6.59±2.01	6.11±1.97
	常模组	589		55.82±9.56	12.35±2.50	10.60±3.10	7.57±2.93	9.28±2.43	8.79±1.84	7.61±1.62
			t值	-6.51	-5.37	-1.19	-2.40	-1.63	-6.66	-4.64
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.24	0.02	0.11	< 0.01	< 0.01
13~16	听力障碍组	37		45.43±7.90	10.00±2.12	9.41±3.08	6.78±3.09	7.76±2.40	6.59±1.59	6.86±1.70
	常模组	689		56.47±9.84	12.67±2.51	10.89±3.22	8.13±2.76	9.18±2.63	8.91±2.92	7.72±1.58
			t值	-8.50	-7.66	-2.93	-2.65	-3.63	-8.86	-3.06
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 听障学生社会适应能力与自我意识的相关分析(r值，n=74)

Table 2. Correlation analysis of social adaptability and self-consciousness of hearing-impaired students (r, n=74)

社会适应能力	自我意识	行为	智力	躯体外貌	焦虑	合群	幸福
总分	0.33^**	0.18	0.16	0.04	0.32^**	0.22	-0.12
处理同伴关系	0.02	-0.02	0.13	0.01	0.01	0.19	-0.02
自我管理	0.13	0.07	-0.03	-0.06	0.09	0.14	-0.12
学习技能	0.18	0.17	0.02	-0.02	0.20	0.02	-0.14
服从技能	0.28^*	0.05	0.16	0.15	0.24^*	0.06	0.12
表达意愿	0.32^**	0.21	0.16	0.03	0.34^**	0.20	-0.16
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 3 不同年级听障学生绘画团体心理辅导前后自我意识及各分维度得分比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of self-awareness and scores of each dimension before and after group psychological counseling for hearing impaired students of different grades (x±s)

年级	测试时间	统计值	自我意识	行为	智力	躯体外貌	焦虑	合群	幸福
三	前测		56.71±4.96	11.86±1.57	13.29±1.50	7.43±1.62	10.29±2.36	8.71±0.95	7.14±1.68
(n=7)	后测		73.86±1.86	14.57±0.53	16.29±0.49	12.57±0.79	12.86±0.69	10.71±0.76	9.14±0.38
		t值	-9.17^**	-4.80^**	-5.20^**	-6.20^**	-3.06^*	-3.74^**	-3.24^*
四	前测		45.86±8.61	9.71±3.36	8.93±3.95	6.29±2.37	7.93±2.81	6.71±1.94	5.14±2.14
(n=14)	后测		61.21±12.10	12.36±2.68	12.93±3.02	10.64±2.27	10.57±2.28	10.29±2.09	7.14±1.88
		t值	-3.43^**	-2.32^*	-2.53^*	-4.72^**	-2.71^*	-4.41^**	-2.26^*
五	前测		48.00±4.24	9.63±1.19	10.50±2.20	7.50±2.20	8.38±2.67	6.00±2.00	7.00±1.41
(n=8)	后测		66.00±6.32	14.00±0.53	14.13±2.53	10.75±1.39	11.38±1.51	9.13±1.64	8.00±1.07
		t值	-5.49^**	-8.79^**	-2.69^*	-3.10^*	-2.81^*	-3.42^*	-1.67
六	前测		43.25±4.92	9.58±2.87	8.00±2.26	5.58±3.12	8.92±1.68	5.42±1.83	6.08±1.73
(n=12)	后测		49.33±7.46	10.42±1.68	9.33±2.90	5.75±3.05	10.33±2.46	6.92±2.27	7.17±1.80
		t值	-3.83^**	-1.06	-1.42	-0.19	-3.40^**	-1.85	-2.17^*
七	前测		48.20±8.27	10.20±1.74	10.40±3.09	7.27±3.31	8.13±2.23	7.40±1.40	6.87±1.55
(n=15)	后测		47.80±9.32	10.07±2.86	9.53±2.39	6.60±3.07	8.27±2.79	7.20±1.47	7.07±1.44
		t值	-0.37	0.25	1.17	1.09	-0.27	0.42	-0.56
八	前测		46.90±5.93	10.60±2.12	10.40±2.88	8.00±2.75	7.60±1.84	6.30±1.34	7.30±1.89
(n=10)	后测		62.10±7.71	12.90±1.60	12.20±2.44	9.60±1.78	11.00±1.70	8.70±1.64	8.40±1.17
		t值	-4.80^**	-2.47^*	-1.54	-1.36	-4.84^**	-3.50^**	-1.63
九	前测		38.00±5.70	8.63±2.07	7.25±2.38	5.00±2.07	6.25±3.01	5.75±0.89	6.63±1.85
(n=8)	后测		45.50±7.76	9.88±3.04	8.38±1.77	6.38±2.20	8.00±1.51	6.63±0.92	6.75±1.58
		t值	-4.44^**	-1.42	-1.76	-1.49	-2.20	-1.59	-0.14
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 4 不同年级听障学生绘画团体心理辅导前后社会适应能力及各维度得分比较(x±s)

Table 4. Social adaptability of hearing-impaired students in painting group psychological counseling and pre-and post-test analysis of each sub-dimension (x±s)

年级	选项	统计值	社会适应能力	处理同伴关系	自我管理	学习技能	服从技能	表达意愿
三(n=7)	前测		5.71±9.96	0.29±2.69	0.57±2.51	0.29±3.54	2.29±2.69	2.29±2.69
	后测		28.86±5.27	6.29±1.38	7.43±1.51	4.00±2.31	3.14±1.57	8.00±0.00
		t值	-5.79^**	-6.87^**	-6.49^**	-2.17	-0.66	-5.62^**
四(n=14)	前测		6.71±11.49	-0.43±3.25	0.57±2.41	2.43±4.38	1.71±3.02	2.43±3.44
	后测		21.29±11.91	4.57±2.65	5.00±4.35	3.57±2.24	1.86±1.66	6.29±3.32
		t值	-3.03^**	-4.17^**	-3.11^**	-0.82	-0.15	-3.39^**
五(n=8)	前测		3.25±6.67	-1.75±3.11	-0.50±2.33	1.00±3.38	3.50±2.33	1.00±4.14
	后测		28.50±5.73	6.25±1.28	6.50±2.07	4.25±2.71	4.25±2.25	7.25±1.04
		t值	-10.32^**	-8.64^**	-4.95^**	-3.27^*	-0.63	-4.08^**
六(n=12)	前测		2.00±7.24	-1.00±1.60	-1.67±2.81	1.67±3.28	2.00±3.07	1.00±2.49
	后测		2.67±6.79	-0.50±2.58	1.83±3.01	1.17±3.35	1.00±2.34	-0.83±4.21
		t值	-0.22	-0.71	-3.25^**	0.33	1.48	1.51
七(n=15)	前测		3.20±5.12	-0.13±3.25	-1.33±2.80	0.00±1.51	3.07±2.37	1.00±2.49
	后测		4.00±7.96	-0.27±4.06	0.67±3.17	0.80±3.10	2.67±3.09	0.13±2.45
		t值	0.33	-0.35	0.13	-2.35^*	-0.88	0.54
八(n=10)	前测		-0.60±8.49	-2.00±2.83	-0.20±1.75	-0.40±2.46	1.80±1.75	0.20±3.33
	后测		17.60±13.50	4.40±3.10	3.60±3.86	1.80±4.37	2.40±3.63	5.40±2.84
		t值	-3.13^*	-3.59^**	-2.35^*	-1.16	-0.47	-6.09^**
九(n=8)	前测		-1.50±5.63	-0.50±3.51	0.25±2.25	-0.25±2.71	0.25±2.25	-1.25±3.69
	后测		0.50±5.21	0.25±2.25	0.75±2.12	1.25±3.01	0.25±2.49	-2.00±2.83
		t值	-1.21	0.47	-0.51	-1.34	0.00	1.16
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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