河南中小学生体育锻炼现状及其与身体素质和BMI的关系

杨梦利; 娄晓民; 徐学琴; 刘晓蕙

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.012

河南中小学生体育锻炼现状及其与身体素质和BMI的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.012

1.
河南中医药大学医学院，郑州 450046
2.
郑州大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

河南省科技攻关项目 222102320245

详细信息

作者简介:
杨梦利(1987-)，女，河南省人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生生长发育及身体素质

通讯作者:
娄晓民，E-mail: louxm@zzu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 G806 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-14
- 修回日期: 2022-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan Province and its relationship with physical fitness and BMI

1.
Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou(450046), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析河南省中小学生体育锻炼现状及其与身体素质的关系，为开展中小学体育教学工作提供参考。方法利用2019年河南省学生体质健康调研数据，计算身体素质指数(PFI)、体质量指数(BMI)等相关指标，描述体育锻炼相关情况，利用方差分析比较体育锻炼的男女、城乡差异，利用相关系数分析是否运动与PFI、BMI的相关性。结果学生在校期间每周2节体育课(41.9%)、每天1次课间操(44.5%)、每学年1次运动会(46.8%)、每天体育锻炼时间在0.5~1 h(50.1%)的占比最高。学生运动时间周末和总时长男生高于女生，上学日和总时长乡村学生高于城市学生。父母在课余时间支持和非常支持进行体育锻炼的占比最高(75.8%)，父母都喜欢运动的占比最高(47.3%)。PFI和运动得分呈正相关，与不运动得分呈负相关；BMI和运动得分呈负相关，与不运动得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.12，-0.13，-0.20，0.14，P值均 < 0.01)。结论河南中小学生体育锻炼现状较合理。可通过提高学生运动积极性降低其超重肥胖发病率，提高身体素质。
- 身体锻炼 /
- 身体素质 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 健康促进 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze current status of physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan province, and to explore its relationship with physical fitness. Methods Data on physical exercise and related indicators among 9-18 years old students was retrieved from Henan Provincial Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey in 2019. Physical fitness index (PFI), body mass index (BMI) was calculated. ANOVA was used to compare differences of physical exercise between men and women, urban and rural areas. Correlations between physical exercise with PFI and BMI were evaluated. Results The majority of students had two PE classes per week (41.9%), daily active recess (44.5%), one sports meeting in each school year (46.8%), and half to one hour of physical exercise per day (50.1%). Boys were more likely to exercise than girls, while rural students were more likely to excecise than urban students. The proportion of parents who support sports activities in their spare time was the highest (75.8%), and the proportion of parents who both like sports was the highest (47.3%). PFI was positively correlated with exercise scores and negatively correlated with non-exercise scores. BMI was negatively correlated with exercise scores and positively correlated with non-exercise scores (r=0.12, -0.13, -0.20, 0.14, P < 0.01). Conclusion Physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan is satisfactory.Exercise scores are positively correlated with physical fitness, but negatively correlated with BMI.
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Physical fitness /
- Body mass index /
- Health promotion /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别不同区域中小学生各时间段运动时间比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅), min/d]

Table 1. Comparison of exercise time between boys and girls, urban and rural[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

性别与区域		人数	统计值	上学日	周末	总时长
性别	男	8 915		120.0(30.0, 250.0)	60.0(30.0, 120.0)	210.0(90.0, 390.0)
	女	8 754		120.0(40.0, 240.0)	60.0(20.0, 120.0)	190.0(90.0, 360.0)
			Z值	-0.80	-0.67	-3.42
			P值	0.42	< 0.01	< 0.01
区域	城市	8 878		120.0(40.0, 210.0)	60.0(20.0, 120.0)	180.0(90.0, 340.0)
	乡村	8 791		125.0(40.0, 300.0)	60.0(30.0, 120.0)	210.0(100.0, 400.0)
			Z值	-6.27	-10.11	-8.66
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 不同特征学生运动与不运动得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of sports and no sports scores of students with different characteristics(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	运动	不运动
性别	男	8 915		38.07±5.56	25.83±8.45
	女	8 754		37.76±5.79	26.34±7.93
			t值	157.05	16.80
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
区域	城市	8 878		37.76±5.79	25.95±8.46
	乡村	8 791		37.34±5.34	26.22±7.93
			t值	24.75	4.60
			P值	< 0.01	0.03
体重	正常	13 123		37.56±5.53	26.17±8.13
	超重	2 715		37.57±5.67	25.99±8.28
	肥胖	1 831		37.47±5.71	25.64±8.59
			F值	0.21	3.45
			P值	0.81	0.03

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