大学生艾滋病防控综合干预策略效果评价

吴琳; 徐静静

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.010

大学生艾滋病防控综合干预策略效果评价

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.010

吴琳¹,
徐静静²

1.
电子科技大学医院内科, 四川成都 611731
2.
电子科技大学医院五官科

详细信息

作者简介:
吴琳(1970-), 女, 四川成都人, 大学本科, 主管护师, 主要研究方向为临床护理学和高校公共卫生

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G512.91 G647.8 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-14
- 修回日期: 2022-07-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

The impact of comprehensive intervention strategies on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention among college students

WU Lin¹,
XU Jingjing²

1.
Internal Medicine, University of Electronics Science and Technology Hospital, Chengdu (611731), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析高校实施艾滋病防控综合干预策略的效果, 为进一步开展艾滋病健康教育实践和促进健康教育行为改变提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法, 于2018年9月在干预前分别选取成都市某高校(2018年9月开始实行大学生艾滋病"3+2"干预策略)582名新生和590名大四学生为研究对象, 并于2022年3月对2018级577名学生进行跟踪调查。通过问卷的方式, 比较综合干预前后大学生艾滋病防控知识掌握情况。结果相对于干预前, 综合干预策略的实施深化了大学生对艾滋病传播途径、危害性、自我保护和关爱艾滋病患者意识的认识, 全部15个问项的知晓率均显著高于干预前(P值均 < 0.01), 其中13个问项的知晓率高于80%(10个问项的知晓率高于90%)。相对于对照组(2018年的四年级学生), 14个问项的干预后知晓率有显著提高, 其中知晓率超过90%的问项数从1个提高到10个。结论艾滋病防控综合干预策略在提升大学生艾滋病防控知识知晓率过程中有明显干预效果。在宣传教育策略中应增加低年级学生教育强度, 以及艾滋病相关的医学知识和正确对待艾滋病的教育内容。
- 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 /
- 健康教育 /
- 综合预防 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the effects of comprehensive controlling strategies on AIDS prevention in a university of Chengdu, so as to provide evidence for HIV/AIDS health education practices and behavior change promotion. Methods In September 2018, 582 freshmen and 590 senior students were selected by using the stratified sampling method (in September 2018, the "3+2" intervention strategy for AIDS among college students was implemented). In March 2022, 577 freshmen were followed up. And the respondents were investigated regarding the knowledge of AIDS prevention and data were analyzed using statistical software. Results After intervention, the implementation of the comprehensive intervention strategy deepened college students' awareness of AIDS transmission route, health effects, self-protection and care of AIDS patients. The awareness rate of all 15 items was significantly higher than before the intervention(P < 0.01), and the awareness rate of 13 items was higher than 80% (the awareness rate of 10 items exceeded 90%).Awareness rate of the 14 asked items was significantly higher than before the intervention, and the number of questions with an awareness rate of more than 90% increased from 1 to 10. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention strategy for AIDS prevention and control shows significant effects on the awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control knowledge among college students, however, the intensity of education AIDS-related medical knowledge and appropriate attitude towards AIDS should be enhance among junior college students.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /
- Health education /
- Universal precautions /
- Students
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表 1 某高校大学生艾滋病防控知识干预前后知晓率比较

Table 1. Comparison of students' awareness before and after the intervention regarding knowledge of HIV prevention and control in a university

序号	艾滋病防控知识	干预组		对照组(n=590)	χ₁²值	χ₂²值	χ₃²值
序号	艾滋病防控知识	干预前(n=582)	干预后(n=577)	对照组(n=590)	χ₁²值	χ₂²值	χ₃²值
1	目前我国青年学生中艾滋病流行呈快速增长趋势。艾滋病主要传播方式为男性同性性行为，其次为异性性行为	425(70.02)	517(89.60)	434(73.56)	0.04	49.77^**	52.32^**
2	艾滋病是一种危害大、死亡率高的严重传染病，目前尚不可治愈	518(89.00)	574(99.48)	530(89.83)	0.21	53.19^**	58.39^**
3	艾滋病需要终生治疗，会给家庭和个人造成严重负担	457(78.52)	548(94.97)	468(79.32)	0.11	63.44^**	68.06^**
4	不能通过外表判断一个人是否感染了艾滋病病毒	503(86.43)	547(94.80)	503(85.25)	0.33	29.47^**	23.85^**
5	学习掌握性健康知识，提高自我保护意识与技能，培养积极向上的生活方式	517(88.83)	559(96.88)	520(88.14)	0.14	32.00^**	28.23^**
6	艾滋病目前没有疫苗可以预防，拒绝毒品、自尊自爱、遵守性道德是预防艾滋病的根本措施	423(72.68)	518(89.77)	434(73.56)	0.12	51.04^**	55.44^**
7	坚持每次正确使用安全套，可有效预防艾滋病、性病的感染与传播	473(81.27)	544(94.28)	481(81.53)	0.01	44.41^**	45.61^**
8	共用学习、共同进餐、共用卫生间、握手、拥抱等日常接触不会传播	317(54.47)	410(71.06)	319(54.07)	0.02	35.91^**	34.11^**
9	艾滋病通过含有艾滋病病毒的血液和体液(精液、阴道分泌物等)传播	530(91.07)	571(98.96)	543(92.03)	0.36	32.28^**	37.99^**
10	注射吸毒会增加经血液感染艾滋病毒的风险；使用新型合成毒品或醉酒会增加经性途径感染艾滋病病毒的风险	473(81.27)	560(97.05)	490(83.05)	0.63	63.41^**	74.48^**
11	性病可增加感染艾滋病病毒的风险，必须及时到正规医疗机构诊治	231(39.69)	546(94.63)	235(39.83)	0.00	395.71^**	395.75^**
12	发生高危行为后(共用针具吸毒、无保护性行为等)，应该主动进行艾滋病检测与咨询	465(79.90)	570(98.79)	484(82.03)	0.87	93.62^**	108.21^**
13	疾病预防控制中心、医院等机构均能提供保密的艾滋病检测和咨询服务	462(79.38)	495(85.79)	492(83.39)	3.11	1.29	8.27^**
14	感染艾滋病病毒后及早接受抗病毒治疗可提高患者的生活质量，减少艾滋病病毒传播	397(68.21)	456(79.03)	406(68.81)	0.05	15.77^**	17.45^**
15	艾滋病病毒感染者也是艾滋病的受害者, 应该得到理解和关心，但故意传播艾滋病的行为既不道德又要承担法律责任	479(82.30)	572(99.13)	497(84.24)	0.79	84.15^**	97.14^**
注： ()内数字为知晓率/%；χ₁²值为干预前干预组与对照组比较，χ₂²值为干预后干预组与对照组比较；χ₃²值为干预组干预前后比较，**P＜0.01。

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