全国中小学校教室课桌椅配备情况分析

王朔; 郭欣; 赵月朝; 钟发英

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.033

全国中小学校教室课桌椅配备情况分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.033

王朔¹,
郭欣^{1, 2, ,},
赵月朝³,
钟发英³

1.
首都医科大学公共卫生学院，北京 100069
2.
北京市疾病预防控制中心
3.
国家卫生健康委综合监督局

详细信息

作者简介:
王朔(1996-)，女，河北廊坊人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
郭欣，E-mail：gguoxin2000@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R155 G478 R446
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-11
- 修回日期: 2022-05-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Analysis of the allocation of desks and chairs in classrooms of primary and secondary schools in China

1.
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2018-2021年全国中小学校教室课桌椅配备情况及影响因素, 为制定差异化的干预策略提供依据。方法利用2018-2021年国家随机监督抽查中的153 568所中小学校, 并选取中小学校课桌椅配备相关数据, 计算课桌椅配备的合格率, 分析与中小学校两种型号课桌椅配备合格率相关的因素。结果 2018-2021年全国中小学校课桌椅配备合格学校数113 986所, 课桌椅配备总体合格率为74.23%, 其中城区的合格率(78.10%)高于镇区(75.93%)和乡村(70.39%); 初中合格率(76.15%)高于高中(75.12%)和小学(73.56%); 东部合格率(84.07%)高于中部(77.24%)和西部(61.99%), 差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为945.81, 95.29, 6 757.58, P值均 < 0.01)。随着年份的增长, 学校的课桌椅配备合格率呈上升趋势。结论全国中小学校课桌椅配备总体合格率不够理想, 虽近年来各项指标合格率均有上升趋势, 但仍应继续加强卫生行政部门、教育部门、学校自身及社会各部门对学校课桌椅配备的重视程度, 制定差异化的干预策略。
- 设备和供应 /
- 环境监测 /
- 合格鉴定 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To understand the allocation of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in China from 2018 to 2021 and its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for differentiate intervention strategies. Methods The data related to the allocation of desks and chairs in 153 568 primary and secondary schools in the national random supervision and random inspection from 2018 to 2021 were used to calculate the qualified rate of each index.And the factors related to the qualified rate of two types of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools were analyzed. Results The overall qualified rate of desks and chairs was 74.23%(113 986 schools), and the qualified rate in urban areas (78.10%) was higher than that in towns (75.93%) and villages (70.39%); The qualified rate of junior middle school (76.15%) was higher than that of senior high school (75.12%) and primary school (73.56%); The qualified rate in the East (84.07%) was higher than that in the Middle (77.24%) and West (61.99%).And the differences were of statistical significance (χ²=945.81, 95.29, 6 757.58, P < 0.01).The qualified rate of desks and chairs in the school shows an upward trend by year. Conclusion The overall qualified rate of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in China is not ideal, which need further attention from department of health administration, education, school, as well as other organizations to formulate differentiate intervention strategy despite increasing.
- Equipment and supplies /
- Environmental monitoring /
- Eligibility determination /
- Students health services
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别中小学校课桌椅配备合格率比较

Table 1. Comparison of overall qualification rate of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools

组别	选项	学校数	合格学校数	χ²值	P值
年份	2018	37 531	25 078(66.82)	2 591.79	＜0.01
	2019	37 729	27 006(71.58)
	2020	36 421	27 700(76.06)
	2021	41 887	34 202(81.65)
行政区划	城区	48 231	37 666(78.10)	945.81	＜0.01
	镇区	39 260	29 810(75.93)
	乡村	66 077	46 510(70.39)
学段	小学	110 942	81 612(73.56)	95.29	＜0.01
	初中	34 451	26 233(76.15)
	高中	8 175	6 141(75.12)
地域	东部	48 173	40 497(84.07)	6 757.58	＜0.01
	中部	53 460	41 295(77.24)
	西部	51 935	32 194(61.99)
注：()内数字为合格率/%。

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表 2 不同年份各行政区划间中小学校课桌椅配备合格率比较

Table 2. Comparison of qualified rates of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools among different administrative divisions in different years

年份	行政区划	学校数	合格学校数	χ²值	P值
2018	城区	11 946	8 559(71.65)	361.26	＜0.01
	镇区	9 290	6 480(69.75)
	乡村	16 295	10 039(61.61)
2019	城区	11 944	9 049(75.76)	259.87	＜0.01
	镇区	9 644	7 083(73.44)
	乡村	16 141	10 874(67.37)
2020	城区	11 283	9 013(79.88)	248.05	＜0.01
	镇区	9 353	7 306(78.11)
	乡村	15 785	11 381(72.10)
2021	城区	13 058	11 045(84.58)	124.62	＜0.01
	镇区	10 973	8 941(81.48)
	乡村	17 856	14 216(79.61)
注：()内数字为合格率/%。

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表 3 不同年份各学段中小学校课桌椅配备合格率比较

Table 3. Comparison of qualified rates of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in different periods among different years

年份	学段	学校数	合格学校数	χ²值	P值
2018	小学	27 609	18 235(66.05)	29.60	＜0.01
	初中	8 166	5 654(69.24)
	高中	1 756	1 189(67.71)
2019	小学	27 167	19 326(71.14)	9.85	0.01
	初中	8 498	6 193(72.88)
	高中	2 064	1 487(72.04)
2020	小学	26 627	20 042(75.27)	34.20	＜0.01
	初中	7 893	6 185(78.36)
	高中	1 901	1 473(77.49)
2021	小学	29 539	24 009(81.28)	13.22	＜0.01
	初中	9 894	8 201(82.89)
	高中	2 454	1 992(81.17)
注：()内数字为合格率/%。

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表 4 不同年份各地域中小学校课桌椅配备合格率比较

Table 4. Comparison of qualified rates of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in different years and regions

年份	地域	学校数	合格学校数	χ²值	P值
2018	东部	11 186	8 758(78.29)	1 418.93	＜0.01
	中部	13 148	8 969(68.22)
	西部	13 197	7 351(55.70)
2019	东部	11 631	9 692(83.33)	1 874.25	＜0.01
	中部	13 155	9 717(73.87)
	西部	12 943	7 597(58.70)
2020	东部	11 623	10 020(86.21)	1 897.86	＜0.01
	中部	12 613	10 000(79.28)
	西部	12 185	7 680(63.03)
2021	东部	13 733	12 027(87.58)	1 742.34	＜0.01
	中部	14 544	12 609(86.70)
	西部	13 610	9 566(70.29)
注：()内数字为合格率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

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