贵阳市 2015-2019 年农村学校环境卫生调查

陈露露; 张开菊; 杨俊; 张江萍; 罗鹏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.030

贵阳市 2015-2019 年农村学校环境卫生调查

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.030

1.
贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室，贵阳 550025
2.
贵阳市疾病预防控制中心
3.
贵阳市云岩区卫生健康局

基金项目:

贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目 gzwjkj2020-1-181

详细信息

作者简介:
陈露露(1995-)，女，贵州遵义人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为社区卫生与健康促进

通讯作者:
张江萍，E-mail：664746385@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R446 R179 R725.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-05
- 修回日期: 2022-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Environmental sanitation survey of rural schools in Guiyang during 2015-2019

1.
School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang (550025), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2015-2019年贵阳市农村中小学校环境卫生状况, 为农村地区学校环境卫生基本情况提供数据支撑。方法按照2015-2019年《贵阳市农村环境卫生监测项目工作方案》要求, 采用分层随机抽样法选取贵阳市145所农村学校, 其中小学75所, 初中70所; 通过现场查看、填写问卷方式, 调查学校基本情况、学生饮水方式、校内供水方式以及学校厕所卫生状况等。结果 2015-2019年, 贵阳市学生主要饮水方式为桶装水或净水器水, 占比从37.9%上升到72.4%;校内供水主要以村镇水厂供水为主, 从69.0%上升到93.1%;有独立式公厕、宿舍楼内有厕所的学校比例在65.6%~100.0%, 教学楼内有厕所的学校比例低于60.0%, 但独立式公厕、教学楼及宿舍楼内卫生厕所普及比例均在80.0%以上; 男厕所蹲位比合格率在93.1%~100.0%, 女厕所蹲位比合格率从44.8%上升到65.5%;厕所由专人管理的比例从31.0%下降到27.6%;经常提供肥皂的学校比例从20.7%上升到58.6%, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.27, P=0.01)。结论 2015-2019年贵阳市农村环境卫生情况尚可, 学生饮水、校内供水及卫生厕所普及情况有所改善。建议增加教学楼内卫生厕所及女厕所蹲位数量, 进一步加强厕所专人负责; 同时加强宣传教育, 促进学生养成良好卫生习惯。
- 环境卫生 /
- 环境监测 /
- 合格鉴定 /
- 农村卫生
Abstract: Objective To understand the sanitation status of rural primary and secondary schools during 2015-2019, and provide data support for the formulation of environmental sanitation policies for schools in rural areas of Guiyang. Methods According to the requirements of the Work Plan for the Rural Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Project in Guiyang City from 2015-2019, 145 rural schools in Guiyang were selected by stratified random sampling method, including 75 elementary schools and 70 junior high schools.Through on-site inspection and questionnaire survey, information regarding school basic situation, drinking water for students, water supply and toilet sanitation in school. Results Students'drinking water was mainly bottled water or water from a water purifier, the proportional rate increased from 37.9% to 72.4%;water supply in the school was mainly from village water plant, from 69.0% to 93.1%;the proportion of schools with independent public toilets and toilets in dormitory buildings ranged from 65.6% to 100.0%, the proportion of schools with toilets in teaching buildings was less than 60.0%, but the penetration rate of sanitary toilets in independent public toilets, teaching buildings and dormitory buildings were more than 80.0%.Qualified rate of squatting in the men's toilet fluctuated between 93.1% and 100.0%.Qualified rate of the squatting in the women's toilet had increased from 44.8% to 65.5%.Proportion of school toilets guarded by specific staff decreased from 31.0% to 27.6%.The proportion of soap increased from 20.7% to 58.6%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=21.27, P=0.01). Conclusion During 2015-2019, the environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guiyang was acceptable, with students'drinking water, school water supply and sanitary toilets moderately improved.Toilets in the teaching building and women's toilet squatting numbers need to be increased.School toilets managed by specific personnel, as well as good hygiene habits education promotion are encouraged.
- Environmental health /
- Environmental monitoring /
- Eligibility determination /
- Rural health
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 贵阳市2015—2019年农村学生饮水方式及校内供水情况分布

Table 1. Drinking water methods and school water supply for rural students in Guiyang during 2015-2019

年份	学校数	饮水方式				校内供水情况
年份	学校数	学校提供开水	桶装水或净水器水	自己带水	直接饮用自来水	无集中式供水	学校自备集中式供水	村镇水厂供水	村镇水厂+自备集中式供水	其他
2015	29	8(27.6)	11(37.9)	7(24.1)	3(10.3)	1(3.4)	2(6.9)	20(69.0)	4(13.8)	2(6.9)
2016	29	2(6.9)	21(72.4)	6(20.7)	0	1(3.4)	2(6.9)	21(72.4)	5(17.2)	0
2017	29	1(3.4)	21(72.4)	7(24.1)	0	1(3.4)	3(10.3)	24(82.8)	1(3.4)	0
2018	29	2(6.9)	24(82.8)	3(10.3)	0	2(6.9)	1(3.4)	23(79.3)	3(10.3)	0
2019	29	2(6.9)	21(72.4)	5(17.2)	1(0.8)	0	1(3.4)	27(93.1)	1(3.4)	0
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 贵阳市2015—2019年农村学校厕所情况比较

Table 2. The situation of toilets in rural schools in Guiyang during 2015-2019

年份	学校数	有独立式公厕学校^*	教学楼内有厕所学校	宿舍楼内有厕所学校
2015	29	29(100.0)	12(41.4)	19(65.6)
2016	29	28(96.6)	12(41.4)	21(72.4)
2017	29	28(96.6)	13(44.8)	25(86.2)
2018	29	26(89.7)	15(51.7)	24(82.8)
2019	29	27(93.1)	16(55.2)	24(82.8)
χ²值			1.83	5.05
P值		0.60	0.77	0.28
注：*处为Fisher确切概率法；()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 贵阳市2015—2019年农村学校卫生厕所类型及男女生厕所蹲位情况比较

Table 3. Types of sanitary toilets and squatting positions in toilets for boys and girls in Guiyang during 2015-2019

年份	独立式公厕卫生厕所类型			教学楼内卫生厕所类型			宿舍楼内卫生厕所类型			厕所蹲位合格数
年份	厕所数	完整下水道水冲式	其他类型	厕所数	完整下水道水冲式	其他类型	厕所数	完整下水道水冲式	其他类型	学校数	男厕所蹲位比合格数	女厕所蹲位比合格数
2015	186	183(98.4)	3(1.6)	65	65(100.0)	0	219	219(100.0)	0	29	29(100.0)	13(44.8)
2016	105	96(91.4)	9(8.6)	80	68(85.0)	12(15.0)	258	241(93.4)	17(6.6)	29	27(93.1)	14(48.3)
2017	146	112(76.7)	34(23.3)	158	137(86.7)	21(13.3)	298	285(95.6)	13(4.4)	29	28(96.6)	16(55.2)
2018	464	462(99.6)	2(0.4)	497	497(100.0)	0	485	481(99.2)	4(0.8)	29	28(96.6)	16(55.2)
2019	43	40(93.0)	3(7.0)	67	67(100.0)	0	164	164(100.0)	0	29	29(100.0)	19(65.5)
χ²值		98.70^*			88.98^*			42.62^*				2.94
P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01			0.79^**	0.57
注：处为连续性校正χ²值，*处为Fisher确切概率法；()内数字为构成比或合格率/%。

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表 4 贵阳市2015—2019年农村学校厕所管理、设施情况

Table 4. Management and facilities of toilets in rural schools in Guiyang during 2015-2019

年份	学校数	厕所的使用、维护和管理			厕室内和厕所周围洗手池肥皂配备情况
年份	学校数	专人管理	学生参与管理	无人管理	无	偶尔有	经常提供	无洗手池
2015	29	9(31.0)	20(69.0)	0	13(44.8)	10(34.5)	6(20.7)	0
2016	29	10(34.5)	19(65.5)	0	17(58.6)	4(13.8)	8(27.6)	0
2017	29	10(34.5)	19(65.5)	0	9(31.0)	10(34.5)	10(34.5)	0
2018	29	11(37.9)	18(62.1)	0	7(24.1)	13(44.8)	9(31.0)	0
2019	29	8(27.6)	21(72.4)	0	8(27.6)	4(13.8)	17(58.6)	0
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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