北京市西城区2016—2021年5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析

何舒青; 张晓文; 陈会岩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.024

北京市西城区2016—2021年5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.024

北京市西城区妇幼保健院儿童保健科，100054

详细信息

作者简介:
何舒青(1982-)，女，安徽安庆人，硕士，主治医师，主要从事儿童保健工作

通讯作者:
陈会岩，E-mail：fybjy-ebk@bjxch.gov.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R181.3 R174 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-09
- 修回日期: 2022-05-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Mortality surveillance of children under five years old in Xicheng District of Beijing during 2016-2021

Child Heath Care Department, Xicheng District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing (100054), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2016-2021年北京市西城区5岁以下儿童死亡率及其变化趋势, 为进一步降低婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率提供科学依据。方法针对2016-2021年北京市西城区社区卫生服务中心预防保健科上报的5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据进行描述性统计分析。结果 2016-2021年西城区5岁以下儿童、婴儿、新生儿死亡率分别从2.31‰, 1.85‰, 1.12‰下降至1.55‰, 1.07‰, 0.48‰。采用χ²趋势检验方法比较2016-2021年间死亡率变化均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。5岁以下儿童死因顺位前3位是其他先天异常(除外先心病和先天愚型)(占18.79%)、早产/低出生体重(占16.36%)、出生窒息(占7.88%)。其中婴儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡比例为69.23%~80.00%, 新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡比例为44.44%~71.43%。结论应结合主要死亡原因有针对性地开展预防性干预及质量管理, 并进一步提升危重新生儿救治水平, 降低新生儿死亡率。
- 死亡率 /
- 死亡原因 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To analyze under 5 years old mortality rate during 2016-2021 in Xicheng District, Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for further reducing infant mortality rate and under 5 years old mortality rate. Methods A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the mortality surveillance data of children under 5 years old reported by Preventive Health Department of Xicheng District Community Health Service Center during 2016-2021. Results During 2016-2021, under 5 mortality, infants and newborn mortality in Xicheng District decreased from 2.31‰, 1.85‰ and 1.12‰ to 1.55‰, 1.07‰ and 0.48‰ respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality rate between 2016 and 2021(P>0.05).The leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age included other congenital abnormalities (except congenital heart disease and down's syndrome)(18.79%), preterm birth/low birth weight (16.36%) and birth asphyxia (7.88%).Infant deaths accounted for 69.23%-80.00% of deaths of children under 5 years of age, and neonatal mortality accounted for 44.44%-71.43% of infant mortality. Conclusion It is necessary to carry out relevant preventive intervention and quality management based on the main causes of death, and to further improve the management of critically ill neonates and reduce neonatal mortality.
- Mortality /
- Cause of death /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 西城区2016—2021年不同性别5岁以下儿童死亡率比较

Table 1. The Sex-specific mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Xicheng District, 2016-2021

年份	性别	活产人数	新生儿			婴儿			1~4岁儿童		5岁以下儿童
年份	性别	活产人数	死亡人数	χ²值	P值	死亡人数	χ²值	P值	死亡人数	P值	死亡人数	χ²值	P值
2016	男	7 842	8(1.02)	0.14	0.30	13(1.66)	0.32	0.57	3(0.38)	0.26^*	16(2.04)	0.52	0.47
	女	7 303	9(1.23)			15(2.05)			4(0.55)			19(2.60)
	合计	15 145	17(1.12)			28(1.85)			7(0.46)			35(2.31)
2017	男	8 654	8(0.92)	1.16	0.28	13(1.50)	0.35	0.55	4(0.46)	0.28^*	17(1.96)	0.17	0.68
	女	7 973	12(1.51)			15(1.88)			3(0.38)			18(2.26)
	合计	16 627	20(1.20)			28(1.68)			7(0.42)			35(2.11)
2018	男	6 536	8(1.22)	2.07	0.15	15(2.29)	2.58	0.11	2(0.31)	0.22^*	17(2.60)	0.87	0.35
	女	6 261	3(0.48)			7(1.12)			4(0.64)			11(1.76)
	合计	12 797	11(0.86)			22(1.72)			6(0.47)			28(2.19)
2019	男	6 413	4(0.62)	0.52	0.47	11(1.72)	0.02	0.89	5(0.78)	0.18^*	16(2.49)	0.16	0.69
	女	6 059	6(0.99)			11(1.82)			2(0.33)			13(2.15)
	合计	12 472	10(0.80)			22(1.76)			7(0.56)			29(2.33)
2020	男	4 986	7(1.40)	0.53	0.47	9(1.81)	0.01	0.92	6(1.20)	0.06^*	15(3.01)	1.06	0.30
	女	4 703	5(1.06)			9(1.91)			1(0.21)			10(2.13)
	合计	9 689	12(1.24)			18(1.86)			7(0.72)			25(2.58)
2021	男	4 265	1(0.23)		0.30^*	4(0.94)		0.70^*	2(0.47)	0.97^*	6(1.41)	0.11	0.73
	女	4 113	3(0.73)			5(1.22)			2(0.49)			7(1.70)
	合计	8 378	4(0.48)			9(1.07)			4(0.48)			13(1.55)
注：*Fisher精确概率法P值；()内数字为死亡率/‰。

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表 2 西城区2016—2021年5岁以下儿童死亡地点分布

Table 2. Distribution of deaths of children under 5 years old in Xicheng District, 2016-2021

年度	死亡人数	医院	家中	就医途中	转诊或诊治途中	其他
2016	35	27(77.14)	5(14.29)	3(8.57)	0	0
2017	35	26(74.29)	8(22.86)	1(2.86)	0	0
2018	28	20(71.43)	4(14.29)	4(14.29)	0	0
2019	29	21(72.41)	5(17.24)	2(6.90)	1(3.45)	0
2020	25	18(72.00)	5(20.00)	2(8.00)	0	0
2021	13	10(76.92)	1(7.69)	0	1(7.69)	1(7.69)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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