江苏省3~6岁幼儿体质健康水平分析

殷跃; 何娟; 陈晶; 蔡杭; 张衡

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.022

江苏省3~6岁幼儿体质健康水平分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.022

殷跃¹,
何娟²,
陈晶³,
蔡杭⁴,
张衡⁴

1.
连云港师范高等专科学校体育学院, 江苏 222006
2.
盐城市亭湖幼儿园
3.
南京师范大学体育科学学院
4.
江苏省体操运动协会

基金项目:

江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度体卫艺专项课题 T-c/2020/13

详细信息

作者简介:
殷跃(1989-)，男，安徽安庆人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育锻炼与健康、幼儿体质

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G617.8 G804.49
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-29
- 修回日期: 2022-05-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Physical health analysis among preschool children aged 3-6 years in Jiangsu Province

1.
School of Physical Education, Lianyungang Normal College, Lianyungang (222006), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解江苏省3~6岁幼儿体质健康现状, 为幼儿体质健康促进的理论与实践工作提供依据和参考。方法依据《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》中规定的方法和标准, 对随机整群抽取的江苏省5 951名3~6岁幼儿的身体形态与身体素质指标进行测量与分析。结果江苏省幼儿体质综合评价总体合格率为79.8%, 低于2020年全国平均水平(94.4%), 其中男童综合评价的优秀率(4.3%)、良好率(15.7%)和达标率(80.3%)高于女童(3.6%, 15.3%, 79.2%); 幼儿身高、体重指标普遍高于2020年全国水平; 各年龄组幼儿协调性低于全国水平(t=11.56, P < 0.01);江苏省5~6岁幼儿的柔韧性和身体平衡能力等方面素质相对较好。结论江苏省3~6岁幼儿体质健康水平稳步增长, 其中身体柔韧性和身体平衡能力发展较好, 但下肢力量和爆发力、协调性等相关素质有待提高。建议科学推进幼儿体质监测、管理及其后续干预促进等工作。
- 体质 /
- 健康状况 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of physical health of children aged 3-6 years in Jiangsu Province, and to provide reliable basis and reference for the theoretical and practical work of children's physical health promotion. Methods According to "National Physical Fitness Evaluation Standard Handbook (Children's Part)", the body shape and physical fitness indexes of 5 951 children in Jiangsu Province were measured and analyzed. Results Overall proportion of standard physical constitution among children aged 3-6 in Jiangsu Province was 79.8%, which was lower than the national average level in 2020(94.4%).Among them, the excellent rate, good rate and compliance rate of boys in comprehensive evaluation were higher (4.3%, 15.7%, 80.3%) than those of girls (3.6%, 15.3%, 79.2%); The height and weight of children were generally higher than the national level in 2020;The strength and explosive power of children's lower limbs was lower than the national level in 2020(t=11.56, P < 0.01);The flexibility and physical balance of older children in Jiangsu Province were relatively good. Conclusion The physical fitness level of 3-6-year-old children in Jiangsu Province has increased steadily, especially physical flexibility and physical balance ability However the related qualities such as lower limb strength, explosive power and coordination need to be paid attention to and improved.It highlights the importance of monitoring, management and promotion of children's physical fitness.
- Body constitution /
- Health status /
- Growth and development /
- Child, preschool
注释:

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表 1 江苏省不同性别3~6岁幼儿身体形态和身体素质指标测试结果(x ±s)

Table 1. Results of body shape indicators of children aged 3-6 in Jiangsu Province (x ±s)

性别	年龄/岁	人数	身高/cm	体重/kg	BMI/ (kg·m^-2)	10 m折返跑/s	立定跳远/cm	网球掷远/m	双脚连续跳/s	坐位体前屈/cm	平衡木/s
男	3	233	99.3±4.4	16.0±2.4	16.2±1.7	11.1±2.1	51.3±15.6	2.3±0.9	14.6±7.4	9.4±3.8	29.6±14.8
	3.5	406	101.7±4.1	16.3±2.4	15.7±1.7	10.2±2.0	59.0±17.5	2.6±1.1	12.3±6.6	9.1±4.4	23.5±14.3
	4	503	105.6±4.6	17.8±2.6	15.9±1.7	9.2±1.7	69.4±16.4	3.0±1.2	10.6±5.5	9.1±4.5	17.4±12.0
	4.5	552	109.2±4.5	19.1±3.1	16.0±2.0	8.4±1.8	80.6±15.7	3.7±1.4	8.9±4.5	9.4±4.3	11.8±9.3
	5	654	113.0±4.9	20.7±4.3	16.2±2.7	7.7±1.4	86.9±17.0	4.3±1.5	8.3±3.7	9.1±5.1	8.9±7.3
	5.5	578	116.6±5.3	22.1±4.4	16.2±2.7	7.3±0.9	94.4±17.1	4.9±1.7	7.3±2.8	8.7±5.7	6.9±5.7
	6	201	118.1±4.4	22.8±4.6	16.3±2.8	7.1±0.8	96.2±18.4	5.2±1.9	7.0±2.4	9.8±5.8	5.6±3.8
女	3	215	98.8±3.9	15.7±2.0	16.0±1.4	11.3±2.5	50.4±17.1	2.3±1.0	14.3±7.5	9.4±3.9	29.6±14.6
	3.5	395	101.8±4.0	16.3±2.0	15.7±1.5	10.3±2.1	58.2±17.6	2.7±1.1	12.0±6.7	9.2±4.1	23.6±14.0
	4	477	105.8±4.7	17.8±2.6	15.8±1.7	9.2±1.7	70.7±17.0	3.1±1.2	10.3±5.2	9.0±4.4	17.9±12.4
	4.5	532	109.0±4.8	18.8±3.1	15.7±1.9	8.5±1.5	80.3±16.2	3.7±1.5	8.8±4.3	9.3±4.7	11.6±8.3
	5	565	112.7±4.8	20.7±4.0	16.3±2.5	7.7±1.4	87.8±16.6	4.2±1.6	8.2±3.9	8.9±5.0	8.8±7.4
	5.5	486	115.9±4.8	22.0±5.0	16.3±3.1	7.3±0.8	93.0±16.0	4.8±1.7	7.6±3.1	8.5±5.2	6.7±5.1
	6	154	117.3±5.2	23.0±6.1	16.6±3.6	7.2±0.9	96.3±17.6	5.1±1.8	7.1±2.0	8.8±5.8	6.3±5.6

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表 2 江苏省3~6岁幼儿体质健康综合评级

Table 2. Comprehensive rating of 3~6 years old children's physical health in Jiangsu Province

年龄/岁	男					女
年龄/岁	人数	优秀	良好	合格	不合格	人数	优秀	良好	合格	不合格
3	233	1(0.4)	23(9.9)	158(67.8)	51(21.9)	215	1(0.5)	19(8.8)	142(66.0)	53(24.7)
3.5	406	6(1.5)	40(9.9)	256(63.1)	104(25.6)	395	6(1.5)	38(9.6)	248(62.8)	103(26.1)
4	503	13(2.6)	60(11.9)	286(56.9)	144(28.6)	477	19(4.0)	55(11.5)	263(55.1)	140(29.4)
4.5	552	36(6.5)	88(15.9)	332(50.8)	96(17.4)	532	30(5.6)	99(18.6)	302(56.8)	101(19.0)
5	654	30(4.6)	136(20.8)	376(57.5)	112(17.1)	565	29(5.1)	117(20.7)	328(58.1)	91(16.1)
5.5	578	40(6.9)	122(21.1)	343(59.3)	73(12.6)	486	14(2.9)	87(17.9)	322(66.3)	63(13.0)
6	201	8(4.0)	21(10.4)	136(67.7)	36(17.9)	154	2(1.3)	17(11.0)	100(64.9)	35(22.7)
合计	3 127	134(4.3)	490(15.7)	1 887(60.3)	616(19.7)	2 824	101(3.6)	432(15.3)	1 705(60.4)	586(20.8)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 江苏省3~6岁男女童身体素质指标与全国幼儿平均水平比较(x ± s

Table 3. Comparison between the physical fitness indicators of children aged 3-6 in Jiangsu Province and the national average level of children(x ±s)

年龄/岁	性别	立定跳远/cm			双脚连续跳/s			坐位体前屈/cm			走平衡木/s
年龄/岁	性别	江苏	全国	差值	江苏	全国	差值	江苏	全国	差值	江苏	全国	差值
3	男	56.2±17.2	57.9	-2.50^*		13.2±7.0	9.6	13.00^**		9.2±4.2	9.9	-4.21^**		25.7±14.8	12.4	22.72^**
	女	55.4±17.8	56.4	-1.39	12.8±7.1	9.8	10.44^**	9.3±4.0	10.9	-9.88^**	25.7±14.5	12.3	22.82^**
4	男	75.3±16.9	77.2	-3.65^**	9.7±5.1	7.5	14.01^**	9.3±4.4	9.6	-2.21^*	14.5±10.2	12.1	7.64^**
	女	75.8±17.3	73.8	3.67^**	9.5±4.8	7.6	12.57^**	9.2±4.6	11.4	-15.19^**	14.6±10.9	10.0	13.14^**
5	男	90.4±17.4	93.8	-6.86^**	7.9±3.4	6.3	16.52^**	8.9±5.4	8.6	1.95	7.9±6.7	8.2	-1.57
	女	90.2±16.5	88.8	2.75^**	7.9±3.6	6.5	12.61^**	8.7±5.1	11.6	-18.43^**	7.8±6.5	8.3	-2.49^*
6	男	96.2±18.4	101.2	-3.85^**	7.0±2.4	5.9	6.50^**	9.8±5.8	8.1	4.16^**	5.6±3.8	7.1	-5.60^**
	女	96.3±17.6	94.9	0.99	7.1±2.0	6.0	6.83^**	8.8±5.8	11.4	-5.56^**	6.3±5.6	7.1	-1.77
注：P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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