社会心理决定因素与小学生零食摄入行为的关联

阿丽亚·依加提; 张亚迪; 肖卓然; 李函凝; 李程; 胡翼飞; 余焕玲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.020

社会心理决定因素与小学生零食摄入行为的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.020

1.
首都医科大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100069
2.
北京市营养源研究所

详细信息

作者简介:
阿丽亚·依加提(1999-)，女，新疆人，在读本科

通讯作者:
余焕玲，E-mail：yuhlzjl@ccmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R151 G444 G627.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-19
- 修回日期: 2022-07-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Association between psychosocial determinants with primary school students snacking behavior

1.
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究自我效能、习惯强度、目标意向和结果预期与高年级小学生零食摄入行为的关系, 为以社会认知理论为主的社会心理决定因素在儿童营养教育中的应用提供参考。方法于2020年1月, 采用方便抽样的方式通过问卷调查方法评价北京市丰台区和西城区2所小学四至六年级1 353名学生的自我效能、习惯强度、目标意向、结果预期评分, 并调查零食摄入行为, 分析二者的关联。结果小学生每周零食摄入次数为5.0(3.0, 8.5)次, 每日摄入量为4.0(0.9, 22.9) g; 零食相关的结果预期评分为-1.0(-2.0, -1.0)分, 自我效能评分为(4.3±0.9)分, 习惯强度评分为1.0(1.0, 3.0)分, 目标意向评分为(4.2±1.2)分; 与零食摄入次数较低的学生相比, 零食摄入次数较高的小学生, 其结果预期、自我效能和目标意向评分均较低(t值分别为-9.0, 6.8, 5.2, P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示, 结果预期和自我效能与儿童零食摄入行为呈负相关(OR值分别为0.7, 0.8), 习惯强度与儿童零食摄入行为呈正相关(OR=1.3)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论自我效能、习惯强度、目标意向和结果预期与儿童零食摄入行为相关, 可以作为儿童营养干预的理论基础。
- 心理学, 社会 /
- 食品 /
- 摄入行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective The association of self-efficacy, habit strength, goal intention and outcome expectation with the consumption of snack in senior primary school students were investigated, providing evidence for the application of psychosocial determinants based on Social Cognitive Theory in children's nutrition education. Methods A total of 1 353 students, 10-12 years old, participated in this study.Participants completed questionnaires for assessing self-efficacy, habit strength, goal intention, outcome expectation and snack consumption in January 2020. Results Average times of snack consumption among primary school students were 5.0(3.0, 8.5) times per week, and the snack intake were 4.0(0.9, 22.9) g/d.The outcome expectation score was-1.0(-2.0, -1.0) points, while the score of children's snack-related self-efficacy was (4.3±0.9) points, habit strength score 1.0(1.0, 3.0) points, and the goal intention (4.2±1.2) points.Students with higher snack intake showed lower scores in outcome expectation, self-efficacy and goal intention (t=-9.0, 6.8, 5.2, P < 0.01).Logistic regression showed negative association between outcome expectation and self-efficacy factors with snacking behavior (OR=0.7, 0.8, respectively), as well as positive association between habit strength and snacking behaviors (OR=1.3, P < 0.05). Conclusion The evidence indicated that self-efficacy, habit strength, goal intention and outcome expectation are associated with child's snack consumption, and can be used as theoretical foundation for child snack consumption education.
- Psychology, social /
- Food /
- Feeding behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Mental health /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别小学生零食摄入及其相关社会心理决定因素得分比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of snack shots and their related psychosocial determinants scores among students in different groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	人数	统计值	零食		结果预期	自我效能^*	习惯强度	目标意向^*
组别	选项	人数	统计值	次数/(次·周^-1)	份量/(g·d^-1)	结果预期	自我效能^*	习惯强度	目标意向^*
年级	四	507		6.0(3.0，9.5)	21.6(10.0，36.0)	-1.0(-2.0，-1.0)	4.4±0.8	1.0(1.0，3.0)	4.4±1.1
	五	417		4.5(3.0，8.5)	1.4(0.6，4.0)	-1.0(-2.0，-1.0)	4.2±1.0	1.0(1.0，3.0)	4.1±1.3
	六	429		4.5(3.0，8.5)	2.0(0.7，7.8)	-1.3(-2.1，-1.0)	4.2±1.0	2.0(1.0，3.0)	4.2±1.2
			F/H值	9.41	328.23	5.04	9.69	18.99	4.94
			P值	0.01	< 0.01	0.08	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
性别	男	694		5.0(3.0，9.5)	3.6(0.9，22.3)	-1.3(-2.3，-1.0)	4.2±1.0	2.0(1.0，3.0)	4.1±1.3
	女	655		5.0(3.0，8.5)	4.0(1.1，23.2)	-1.0(-2.0，-1.0)	4.3±0.9	1.0(1.0，2.0)	4.4±1.1
			t/Z值	-0.42	-0.85	-3.82	-2.40	3.02	-4.31
			P值	0.67	0.39	< 0.01	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01
体重分组^a	消瘦	49		6.0(4.5，12.6)	6.4(1.1，25.6)	-1.3(-2.7，-1.0)	4.1±1.0	2.0(1.0，3.0)	4.0±1.4
	低体重	91		4.5(3.0，8.5)	5.4(1.1，25.0)	-1.0(-1.7，-1.0)	4.6±0.8	1.0(1.0，2.0)	4.6±0.9
	体重适中	862		5.0(3.0，8.5)	3.1(0.9，21.0)	-1.0(-2，-1.0)	4.3±1.0	1.0(1.0，3.0)	4.2±1.2
	超重	151		5.0(3.0，9.5)	6.3(0.9，23.6)	-1.3(-2.3，-1.0)	4.2±1.0	2.0(1.0，3.0)	4.0±1.3
	肥胖	196		4.5(3.0，8.0)	6.0(0.9，25.9)	-1.0(-2.0，-1.0)	4.2±1.1	1.0(1.0，2.0)	4.2±1.3
			F/H值	6.71	6.33	9.64	2.72	27.84	3.98
			P值	0.15	0.18	< 0.05	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计		1 353		5.0(3.0，8.5)	4.0(0.9，22.9)	-1.0(-2.0，-1.0)	4.3±0.9	1.0(1.0，3.0)	4.2±1.2
注：*x ±s，a表示数据有4项缺失。

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表 2 不同零食摄入水平小学生社会心理决定因素评分比较(x ±s)

Table 2. Comparison of psychosocial determinants among students with different snack intake levels(x ±s)

摄入次数	人数	结果预期^*	自我效能	习惯强度^*	目标意向
低	659	-1.0(-1.7，-1.0)	4.5±0.8	1.0(1.0，2.0)	4.4±1.0
高	619	-1.5(-2.7，-1.0)	4.1±1.0	2.0(1.0，3.0)	4.1±1.3
t/Z值		-9.0	6.8	-9.6	5.2
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：*为M(P₂₅, P₇₅)。

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表 3 小学生社会心理决定因素与零食摄入行为关系的Logistic回归分析(n=1 353)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between psychosocial determinants and snack intake behavior in primary school students(n=1 353)

自变量与常量	β值	p值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
结果预期	-0.3	< 0.01	0.7(0.6~0.9)
自我效能	-0.2	< 0.01	0.8(0.7~0.9)
习惯强度	0.3	< 0.01	1.3(1.2~1.5)
目标意向	-0.1	0.42	1.0(0.8~1.1)
常量	0.2	0.68	1.2

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