高年级小学生营养知识和社会心理因素与视屏行为的关系

李函凝; 张亚迪; 肖卓然; 阿丽亚·依加提; 李程; 胡翼飞; 余焕玲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.010

高年级小学生营养知识和社会心理因素与视屏行为的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.09.010

1.
首都医科大学公共卫生学院, 北京 100069
2.
北京市营养源研究所

详细信息

作者简介:
李函凝(2000-), 女, 北京市人, 在读本科

通讯作者:
余焕玲, E-mail: yuhlzjl@ccmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 G444 G478
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-13
- 修回日期: 2022-06-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Association of nutrition-related knowledge and psychosocial factors on screen related sedentary of primary school students aged 10-12 in Beijing

1.
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的高年级小学生视屏行为现状, 分析社会心理决定因素和营养相关知识对该行为的影响, 为改善儿童视屏行为的干预设计提供多方面的指导。方法于2020年1月, 方便抽取北京市2所小学四至六年级共1 316名学生作为研究对象, 通过问卷收集视屏行为(看电视、玩电子游戏)、自我效能、习惯强度、结果预期、目标实现能力和营养相关知识的相关信息。使用无序多分类Logistic回归和随机森林算法进行分析。结果小学生视屏频率为5.0(3.0, 10.5)次/周, 视屏时间为37.5(9.6, 97.5)min/d。无序多分类Logistic回归结果显示, 目标实现能力、营养相关知识、习惯强度、自我效能和性别与视屏频率的相关具有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.6, 1.7, 4.9, 4.2, 1.5), 营养相关知识、习惯强度、自我效能、结果预期、年级与视屏时间的相关均有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.7, 5.6, 5.7, 1.6, 1.6, 1.7)(P值均 < 0.05)。随机森林结果显示, 重要程度排名前4位的相关因素, 视屏频率方面为自我效能、目标实现能力、习惯强度和营养相关知识, 视屏时间方面为自我效能、结果预期、营养相关知识和习惯强度。结论高年级小学生存在较严重的视屏行为, 应增大针对其相关因素的健康教育力度。
- 注视, 眼 /
- 心理学, 社会 /
- 知识 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the screen related sedentary behavior among senior primary school students in Beijing and to analyze the influence of psychosocial determinants and nutrition-related knowledge on the behavior. Methods In January 2020, a total of 1 316 students in grade 4-6 from two primary schools in Beijing were selected. Information on video-viewing (watching TV or playing video games), self-efficacy, habit strength, nutrition-related knowledge, outcome expectation and the capacity to persist toward goal attainment were collected through questionnaires. Disordered multi-classification Logistic regression and random forest algorithm were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The frequency of screen related sedentary was 5.0(3.0, 10.5) times/week, and the duration was 37.5(9.6, 97.5) min/d in senior elementary school children. The results of disordered multi-classification Logistic regression showed that the capacity to persist toward goal attainment, nutrition-related knowledge, habit strength, self-efficacy and gender positively correlated with the frequency of screen related sedentary (OR=1.6, 1.7, 4.9, 4.2, 1.5), while the nutrition-related knowledge, habit strength, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, grade and gender positively correlated with screen time (OR=1.7, 5.6, 5.7, 1.6, 1.6, 1.7)(P < 0.05). Random forest regression tree model showed that the top four influencing factors on screen related sedentary frequency were self-efficacy, the capacity to persist toward goal attainment, habit strength and nutrition-related knowledge and the top four influencing factors on screen time were self-efficacy, outcome expectation, nutrition-related knowledge, habit strength. Conclusion Screen related sedentary behavior is prevalent among senior primary school students in Beijing. Health education should be strengthened regarding influencing factors of screen related sedentary behavior.
- Fixation, ocular /
- Psychology, social /
- Knowledge /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别高年级小学生视屏行为及其相关社会心理决定因素比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of screen-related sedentary behaviour and psychosocial determinants among different groups of upper elementary school student[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	自变量	人数	统计值	视屏		目标实现能力^*	营养相关知识	习惯强度	结果预期	自我效能^*
组别	自变量	人数	统计值	频率(次/周)	时间(min/d)	目标实现能力^*	营养相关知识	习惯强度	结果预期	自我效能^*
年级	四	493		5.0(3.0，10.5)	25.7(9.6，67.5)	4.2±0.9	3.0(1.2，4.0)	2.0(1.0，3.0)	1.0(1.0，2.3)	4.2±1.1
	五	418		5.0(1.5，10.5)	30.0(7.5，97.5)	4.1±1.0	3.0(2.0，4.0)	2.0(1.0，3.0)	1.0(1.0，2.3)	4.0±1.2
	六	405		7.0(3.5，14.0)	54.6(20.1，120.0)	4.0±1.1	3.0(2.0，4.0)	3.0(2.0，4.0)	1.7(1.0，2.7)	3.8±1.2
			H/F值	23.9	41.7	3.8	0.6	36.5	33.7	14.5
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.58	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
性别^a	男	675		7.0(3.0，14.0)	45.0(16.1，112.5)	4.0±1.1	3.0(1.0，4.0)	3.0(1.0，4.0)	1.7(1.0，3.0)	3.9±1.3
	女	637		5.0(1.5，10.5)	25.7(6.4，82.5)	4.2±0.9	3.0(2.0，4.0)	2.0(1.0，3.0)	1.0(1.0，2.0)	4.2±1.1
			t/Z值	-5.6	-5.5	-4.4	-3.1	-7.2	-6.0	-4.4
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
营养状况^a	消瘦	47		7.0(3.0，9.5)	30.0(10.2，81.4)	4.0±1.1	3.0(1.0，4.0)	3.0(1.0，3.0)	1.3(1.0，2.8)	3.7±1.4
	低体重	89		5.0(1.5，8.5)	23.6(7.5，67.5)	4.3±0.8	3.0(2.0，4.0)	1.0(1.0，3.0)	1.0(1.0，2.0)	4.4±0.9
	体重适中	838		5.0(3.0，10.5)	32.1(9.6，97.5)	4.1±1.0	3.0(2.0，4.0)	2.0(1.0，3.0)	1.3(1.0，2.3)	4.0±1.2
	超重	145		5.0(3.5，10.5)	47.1(22.5，97.5)	3.9±1.0	3.0(1.0，4.0)	3.0(1.0，4.0)	1.3(1.0，2.7)	3.9±1.2
	肥胖	193		7.0(3.0，14.0)	45.0(12.9，150.0)	4.0±1.1	3.0(1.2，4.0)	2.0(1.0，3.0)	1.0(1.0，2.3)	4.0±1.3
			H/F值	11.2	15.7	2.7	14.8	15.7	9.2	4.2
			P值	0.02	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.06	< 0.01
合计		1 316		5.0(3.0，10.5)	37.5(9.6，97.5)	4.1±1.0	3.0(2.0，4.0)	2.0(1.0，3.0)	1.3(1.0，2.3)	4.0±1.2
注：*采用(x±s)描述；a数据缺失4份。

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表 2 不同视屏行为学生相关社会心理决定因素比较[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 2. Comparison of screen-related sedentary behavior among student with different levels of sedentary behavior frequency[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	人数	统计值	目标实现能力^*	习惯强度	结果预期	自我效能^*	营养相关知识
视屏频率/(次·周^-1)	≤3.0	585		4.3±0.8	1.0(1.0，2.0)	1.0(1.0，1.7)	4.6±0.8	3.0(2.0，4.0)
	>3.0~10.5	439		4.2±0.9^a	2.0(1.0，3.0)^a	1.3(1.0，2.3)^a	4.1±1.0^a	3.0(2.0，4.0)^a
	>10.5	292		3.6±1.2^ab	3.0(2.0，5.0)^ab	2.3(1.0，3.7)^ab	3.1±1.4^ab	2.0(1.0，4.0)^ab
			F/H值	61.6	250.0	139.1	183.6	40.5
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
视屏时间/(min·d^-1)	≤9.6	341		4.4±0.8	1.0(1.0, 2.0)	1.0(1.0, 1.42)	4.6±0.7	3.0(2.0, 4.0)
	>9.6~97.5	636		4.2±0.9^c	2.0(1.0, 3.0)^c	1.3(1.0, 2.3)^c	4.2±1.0^c	3.0(2.0, 4.0)
	>97.5	339		3.6±1.2^cd	3.0(2.0, 5.0)^cd	2.3(1.0, 3.3)^cd	3.1±1.4^cd	2.0(1.0, 4.0)^cd
			F/H值	52.6	265.3	154.1	285.0	48.1
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：a表示与视屏频率≤3.0次/周相比，P < 0.05；b表示与每周视屏频率(>3.0~10.5)次/周相比，P < 0.05；c表示与视屏时间≤9.6 min/d相比，P < 0.05；d表示与视屏频率(>9.6~97.5)min/d相比，P < 0.05。*采用(x±s)描述。

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表 3 高年级小学生视屏行为相关因素的无序多分类Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI), n=1 316]

Table 3. Disordered multi-classification Logistic regression analysis of screen-related sedentary behaviour among upper elementary school children[OR(OR 95%CI), n=1 316]

相关因素	视屏频率		视屏时间
相关因素	中度水平	高度水平	中度水平	高度水平
目标实现能力	0.9(0.7~1.2)	1.6(1.1~2.3)^**	1.0(0.8~1.4)	1.4(1.0~2.0)
营养相关知识	1.2(0.9~1.6)	1.7(1.2~2.5)^**	1.1(0.9~1.5)	1.7(1.2~2.5)^**
习惯强度	2.9(2.1~4.0)^**	4.9(3.3~7.2)^**	3.0(2.1~4.3)^**	5.6(3.7~8.4)^**
结果预期	1.1(0.8~1.5)	1.4(1.0~2.1)	1.3(1.0~1.8)	1.6(1.1~2.3)^*
自我效能	1.9(1.4~2.6)^**	4.2(2.8~6.2)^**	2.0(1.4~2.9)^**	5.7(3.7~8.6)^**
性别	1.5(1.2~2.0)^**	1.5(1.0~2.1)^*	1.4(1.1~1.9)^*	1.4(1.0~2.0)
年级五	1.1(0.7~1.6)	0.9(0.7~1.3)	0.9(0.6~1.2)	1.6(1.1~1.2)^*
六	1.5(1.0~2.3)^*	1.3(0.9~1.8)	2.3(1.2~4.6)^**	1.7(1.1~2.6)^*
注：目标实现能力、营养相关知识、自我效能以高为对照组，习惯强度、结果预期以低为对照组，性别以女生为对照，年级以四年级为对照；P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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