小学生身体活动久坐行为与身体姿态健康的关系

赵修发; 李超; 刘洋; 曾艳; 易国锋

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.08.022

小学生身体活动久坐行为与身体姿态健康的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.08.022

赵修发¹,
李超^2, ,,
刘洋³,
曾艳¹,
易国锋^{1, 4}

1.
北京体育大学教育学院，北京 100084
2.
北京体育大学运动人体科学学院/运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室
3.
山东建筑大学体育教学部
4.
北京师范大学附属奥林匹克花园小学

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目 18YJC890026

教育发展研究十三五规划课题 JFYE2843

详细信息

作者简介:
赵修发(1990-)，男，山东滕州人，在读博士，主要研究方向为儿童体质健康与促进

通讯作者:
李超，E-mail：lichaobt@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 G627.8 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-08
- 修回日期: 2022-05-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-25

Correlations between physical activity, sedentary behavior and physical posture disorders in primary school students

ZHAO Xiufa¹,
LI Chao^{2
, ,},
LIU Yang³,
ZENG Yan¹,
YI Guofeng^{1, 4}

1.
School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing(100084), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究小学生身体活动(physical activity, PA)、久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)与身体姿态健康的关系，为该群体异常身体姿态预防、矫正提供参考。方法 2020年9—12月，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法，抽取北京市朝阳区4所学校206名小学生为研究对象，采用Body-Style身体姿态测试仪、ActiGraph GT3X+三轴加速度计客观测量身体姿态、PA，采用儿童休闲活动调查问卷调查SB。结果小学生异常身体姿态检出率为76.70%；PA与高低肩、X/O型腿、骨盆前倾、脊柱侧弯、综合测评具有正向线性相关(β值分别为0.17，0.21，0.19，0.24，0.19，P值均 < 0.05)；SB与高低肩、X/O型腿、骨盆前倾、脊柱侧弯、综合测评具有负向线性相关(β值分别为-0.24，-0.22，-0.36，-0.24，-0.27，P值均 < 0.05)。对PA、SB联合分析，在高PA、低SB(OR=2.12，95%CI=1.46~3.37，P < 0.05)和低PA、高SB两个极端组合时，身体姿态测评合格率获得优势分别为最高和最低；高PA、高SB(OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.38~2.86)与低SB、低PA (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.41~2.74)比较，身体姿态测评合格率获得优势更高。结论对于小学生身体姿态健康，PA是独立促进因素，SB是独立危险因素，二者联合具有抵消或协同的交互效应。
- 运动活动 /
- 行为 /
- 体型 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore correlations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and physical posture disorders in primary school students, and to provide reference for the prevention and correction of adverse body posture in this group. Methods From September to December 2020, 206 children from 4 primary schools in Chaoyang District of Beijing were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. Body posture and PA were assessed using a body posture tester and a triaxial accelerometer. Children's Leisure Activity Questionnaire was used to investigate SB. Results The detection rate of abnormal body posture in primary school students was 76.70%. PA showed positive assocation with high and low shoulder, X/O leg, pelvis forward, spine curvature and comprehensive evaluation (β=0.17, 0.21, 0.19, 0.24, 0.19, P < 0.05). SB had significant negative linear correlation with high and low shoulder, X/O leg, pelvis forward, spine curvature and comprehensive evaluation (β=-0.24, -0.22, -0.36, -0.24, -0.27, P < 0.05). In the combination analysis, children with high PA plus low SB (OR=2.12, 95%CI=1.46-3.37, P < 0.05) and children with low PA plus high SB had the highest and lowest advantages of qualified rate of body posture assessment, respectively. Compare with low SB and low PA(OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.41-2.74, P < 0.05), high PA and high SB (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.38-2.86, P < 0.05) had higher qualified rate of body posture assessment. Conclusion Physical activity shows positive effects on physical posture while sedentary behavior shows negative effects on physical posture. The combination of PA and SB has a counteracting or synergistic interaction effect.
- Motor activity /
- Behavior /
- Somatotypes /
- Growth and development /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别小学生不良身体姿态检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rate of bad body posture among pupils of different groups

组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	111	81(72.97)	9.17	0.02
	女	95	77(81.05)
年龄/岁	7~8	72	53 (73.61)	12.68	0.02
	9~10	69	53(76.81)
	11~12	65	52(80.00)
BMI	正常	63	46(73.01)	6.45	< 0.01
	超重	107	82(76.64)
	肥胖	36	30(83.33)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同类型体力活动与久坐行为小学生身体姿态测评指标得分(x±s)

Table 2. Body posture evaluation index scores of students with different types of physical activity and sedentary behavior(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	高低肩	骨盆侧倾	X/O型腿	颈椎前倾	骨盆前倾	脊柱侧弯	肩胛骨倾斜	综合测评
体力活动	LPA	84	3.26±0.14	3.06±0.62	2.36±0.68	3.36±0.12	2.64±0.44	2.82±0.31	2.87±0.12	20.68±2.67
	MPA	63	3.29±0.41	3.11±0.41	2.86±0.18	3.40±0.26	2.85±0.17	3.02±0.47	3.02±0.27	21.71±1.67
	HPA	59	3.61±0.30	3.16±0.25	3.06±0.43	3.47±0.28	3.16±0.44	3.24±0.14	3.18±0.19	22.88±2.90
久坐行为	LSB	83	3.36±0.14	3.28±0.62	2.66±0.51	3.46±0.12	2.94±0.44	3.32±0.21	3.28±0.13	22.30±2.57
	HSB	123	3.02±0.14	2.86±0.62	2.14±0.33	3.17±0.41	2.54±0.27	2.83±0.38	3.15±0.20	19.71±2.10

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表 3 小学生PA、SB与身体姿态测评指标的相关性分析(β值，n=206)

Table 3. Correlation analysis between PA, SB and body posture evaluation indexes (β, n=206)

因变量	选项	高低肩	骨盆侧倾	X/O型腿	颈椎前倾	骨盆前倾	脊柱侧弯	肩胛骨倾斜	综合测评
体力活动	模式1	0.17^*	0.03	0.21^*	0.04	0.19^*	0.24^*	0.05	0.19^*
	模式2	0.20^*	0.04	0.23	0.03	0.21^*	0.27^*	0.07	0.15^*
久坐行为	模式1	-0.24^**	-0.17	-0.22^*	-0.02	-0.36^**	-0.24^*	0.03	-0.27^**
	模式2	-0.12^**	-0.09	-0.45	-0.06	-0.41^*	-0.29^*	-0.13	-0.15^*
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 4 小学生PA、SB组合与身体姿态测评合格率的Logistic回归分析

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of PA, SB combination and qualified rate of body posture assessment

指标	HSB					LSB
指标	人数	合格人数	合格率/%	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	人数	合格人数	合格率/%	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
LPA	61	5	8.20	1.00		23	8	34.78	1.71(1.41~2.74)	0.02
MPA	30	4	13.33	1.28(0.92~1.86)	0.72	33	12	36.36	2.04(1.58~3.32)	0.02
HPA	32	7	21.88	1.85(1.38~2.86)	< 0.01	27	13	48.15	2.12(1.46~3.37)	< 0.01

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