医学生进食行为与体成分的相关性

闫鑫; 解瑞宁; 乔艺; 江顺利; 程晓宇; 余婕; 邓依婷; 林立

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.08.019

医学生进食行为与体成分的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.08.019

闫鑫^{1, 2},
解瑞宁²,
乔艺²,
江顺利²,
程晓宇²,
余婕²,
邓依婷²,
林立^{1, 2, ,}

1.
潍坊医学院公共卫生学院, 山东 261053
2.
济宁医学院公共卫生学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 31600947

详细信息

作者简介:
闫鑫(1998-)，女，山东济宁人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为卫生毒理学

通讯作者:
林立，E-mail：linli6711@sina.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R444 R179 G647.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-28
- 修回日期: 2022-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-25

Correlation between eating behaviors with body composition among medical students

YAN Xin^{1, 2},
XIE Ruining²,
QIAO Yi²,
JIANG Shunli²,
CHENG Xiaoyu²,
YU Jie²,
DENG Yiting²,
LIN Li^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang(261053), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨医学生体成分和进食行为相关性，为提高医学生身体素质提供相应的科学依据。方法 2021年12月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法对济宁医学院校大一至大四445名在校医学生进行问卷调查和身体成分测量。结果女生中低骨骼肌量152名(53.3%)，男生低骨骼肌量45名(28.1%)；肌肉量低于标准的有167名(37.5%)，其中女生115名(40.4%)，男生49名(30.6%)；体脂百分比高于标准的259名(58.2%)，女生179名(62.8%)，男生80名(50.0%)；腰臀比异常192名(43.1%)，女生139名(48.8%)，男生53名(33.1%)。女生情绪性进食得分高于男生(6.85±2.24，6.11±2.69)，差异有统计学意义(t=2.96，P < 0.05)。认知限制性进食和骨骼肌量、肌肉量呈正相关(r值分别为0.13，0.13，P值均 < 0.05)；情绪性进食与体脂百分比、体脂肪和腰臀比呈正相关(r值分别为0.20，0.20，0.16，P值均 < 0.05)；非限制性进食与体脂百分比、体脂肪和腰臀比呈正相关(r值分别为0.15，0.18，0.15，P值均 < 0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示，性别、家庭所在地、体力活动以及认知限制性进食是影响医学生骨骼肌量、肌肉量的因素(P值均 < 0.05)。结论医学生中存在骨骼肌量低、肌肉量低、体脂百分比和腰臀比高的现象，应当采用合理进食习惯结合抗阻运动的方式提高体质健康水平。
- 进食 /
- 行为 /
- 身体成分 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation between body composition and eating habits among medical students, and to provide evidence for health promotion. Methods In December 2021, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey and body composition assessment among 445 students in grade one to grade four in Jining Medical University. Results There were 152 girls (53.3%) and 45 boys (28.1%) with low skeletal muscle mass. Totally 167 students (37.5%) had lower muscle mass, including 115 females (40.4%) and 49 males (30.6%). High body fat percentage was found in 259 (58.2%) students, including 179 females (62.8%) and 80 males (50.0%). There were 192 students (43.1%) with abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, with 139 females (48.8%) and 53 males (33.1%). In addition, emotional eating score of female students was significantly higher than that of male students(6.85±2.24, 6.11±2.69, t=2.96, P < 0.05). Cognitive restricted eating was positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass and musde mass(r=0.13, 0.13, P < 0.05). Emotional eating was positively correlated with body fat percentage, body fat and waist hip ratio(r=0.20, 0.20, 0.16, P < 0.05). Unrestricted eating was positively correlated with body fat percentage, body fat and waist hip ratio(r=0.15, 0.18, 0.15, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, family residence, physical activity and cognitive eating were associated with skeletal muscle mass and muscle mass of medical students(P < 0.05). Conclusion With low skeletal muscle mass, low muscle mass, body fat percentage and waist and hip high ratio, reasonable eating habits combined with resistance exercise should be adopted to improve their physical health.
- Eating /
- Behavior /
- Body composition /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别医学生身体成分指标比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of body composition among different groups of medical students(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	骨骼肌量/kg	肌肉量/kg	体脂肪/kg	体脂百分比/%	腰臀比
性别	男	160		31.15±4.62	52.44±7.23	15.49±7.28	20.98±6.85	0.87±0.06
	女	285		21.37±2.67	37.27±4.22	17.83±6.67	30.23±6.27	0.86±0.05
			t值	24.61	27.32	-3.43	-14.44	1.53
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.13
年级	高	239		25.54±6.23	43.73±9.70	16.70±6.83	26.17±7.69	0.86±0.06
	低	206		24.13±5.30	41.55±8.29	17.32±7.14	27.76±7.97	0.86±0.05
			t值	2.54	2.52	-0.94	-2.13	0.03
			P值	0.01	0.01	0.35	0.03	0.98
每月生活费/元	< 1 000	75		23.69±4.83	40.84±7.55	16.96±6.83	27.68±7.75	0.86±0.05
	1 000~2 000	342		25.00±6.02	42.91±9.38	17.17±6.99	27.05±7.67	0.86±0.05
	>2 000	28		26.67±5.87	45.43±9.17	14.80±7.13	23.09±7.85	0.85±0.06
			F值	2.97	2.93	1.50	3.76	1.42
			P值	0.05	0.06	0.22	0.02	0.24
家庭所在地	城镇	219		25.96±6.23	44.41±9.71	17.81±7.43	27.03±7.75	0.87±0.06
	农村	226		23.84±5.27	41.09±8.21	16.19±6.42	26.78±7.97	0.85±0.05
			t值	3.87	3.89	2.46	0.34	2.98
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	0.74	< 0.01
体力活动	低	249		24.54±5.77	42.16±9.01	17.15±6.81	27.38±7.98	0.86±0.06
	中	145		24.60±5.42	42.61±8.45	16.37±6.59	26.38±7.44	0.86±0.05
	高	51		27.40±6.86	46.63±10.64	17.92±8.64	26.06±8.36	0.87±0.06
			F值	5.43	5.40	1.09	1.08	1.23
			P值	0.01	0.01	0.34	0.34	0.29

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表 2 不同组别医学生进食行为得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of eating behavior scores of medical students in different groups(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	认知限制性进食	情绪性进食	非限制性进食
性别	男	160		12.53±4.00	6.11±2.69	18.49±5.97
	女	285		12.64±3.25	6.85±2.24	19.14±4.36
			t值	-0.30	-2.96	-1.21
			P值	0.77	< 0.01	0.23
年级	高	239		12.77±3.59	6.56±2.45	18.82±5.00
	低	206		12.40±3.48	6.62±2.42	19.00±5.02
			t值	1.20	0.08	0.14
			P值	0.28	0.78	0.71
每月生活费	< 1 000	75		13.31±3.33	6.92±2.50	20.11±4.47
/元	1 000~2 000	342		12.49±3.54	6.48±2.40	18.63±5.03
	>2 000	28		11.93±3.94	6.96±2.67	19.07±5.69
			F值	2.23	1.36	2.73
			P值	0.11	0.26	0.07
家庭所在地	城镇	219		12.47±3.51	6.37±2.37	18.68±5.15
	农村	226		12.72±3.57	6.79±2.48	19.12±4.86
			t值	-0.76	-1.81	-0.93
			P值	0.45	0.07	0.36
体力活动	低	249		12.40±3.41	6.72±2.45	19.31±5.05
	中	145		12.74±3.48	6.52±2.40	18.41±4.86
	高	51		13.16±4.25	6.14±2.48	18.31±5.01
			F值	1.15	1.30	1.91
			P值	0.32	0.27	0.15

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表 3 医学生骨骼肌量、肌肉量的多重线性回归分析(n=445)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of skeletal muscle mass and muscle mass of medical students(n=445)

自变量	骨骼肌量				肌肉量
自变量	非标准化系数	标准误	标准化系数	P值	非标准化系数	标准误	标准化系数	P值
性别	-9.74	0.34	-0.80	< 0.01	-15.10	0.53	-0.80	< 0.01
年级	-0.06	0.32	-0.01	0.85	-0.09	0.50	-0.01	0.87
家庭所在地	-1.01	0.32	-0.09	< 0.01	-1.60	0.50	-0.09	< 0.01
体力活动
中	0.03	0.30	0.01	0.92	0.08	0.47	0.01	0.87
高	0.96	0.30	0.16	< 0.01	1.49	0.46	0.16	< 0.01
认知限制性进食	0.21	0.09	0.13	0.01	0.33	0.12	0.13	0.01
情绪性进食	-0.01	0.11	-0.00	0.93	-0.01	0.18	-0.00	0.97
非限制性进食	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.12	0.14	0.01	0.08	0.12

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