Trends in the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents from 2004 to 2019 in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 分析上海市青少年网络成瘾的变化趋势，为青少年网络成瘾防控提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，选取2004—2019年上海市92 171名中学生进行问卷调查，评价中学生网络成瘾、孤独感、学习压力感和抑郁情绪。 结果 2004—2019年上海市中学生网络成瘾检出率为4.3%，呈稳定状态(t=1.8，P>0.05)。网络成瘾检出率男生(5.3%)高于女生(3.4%)(χ2=186.8，P < 0.01)，中职校(7.7%)>普通高中(4.6%)>初中学生(2.8%)(χ2=746.5，P < 0.01)。女生、普通高中生、中职校学生、16~20岁学生、有孤独感和有学习压力感的学生网络成瘾率呈增长趋势，年均百分比变化率(APC)分别为6.62%，5.45%，2.13%，3.36%，4.09%，3.60%(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 2004—2019年上海市青少年网络成瘾检出率总体呈稳定状态，部分群体中呈增长趋势。应重点关注有心理问题的青少年，但仍需综合有效的防控方案对青少年网络成瘾进行干预。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the trends of Internet addiction among adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide theoretical evidence for the prevention and control of Internet addiction in adolescents. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted, and 92 171 junior and senior high school students in Shanghai were selected for questionnaire survey in 2004-2019. Evaluation of Internet addiction, loneliness, academic pressure and depression among middle school students. Results In 2004-2019, the rate of Internet addiction among middle school students in Shanghai was 4.3%, which without significant differences by year(t=1.8, P>0.05). The detection rate of Internet addiction in boys (5.3%) was higher than that in girls (3.4%) (χ2=186.8, P < 0.01), and was highest in secondary vocational school (7.7%), followed by senior high school (4.6%) and junior middle school students (2.8%) (χ2=746.5, P < 0.01). The prevalence of Internet addiction in girls, senior high school students, secondary vocational school students, students aged 16-20, students with loneliness or high academic pressure showed an increasing trend in 2004-2019, with the average annual increase rate (APC) of 6.62%, 5.45%, 2.13%, 3.36%, 4.09% and 3.60% respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion Internet addiction among adolescents in Shanghai showed an increasing trend in some groups from 2004-2019, but without significant differences by year in the overall groups. Comprehensive prevention and control programs are needed for adolescent Internet addiction, especially for those with mental health problems. -
Key words:
- Internet /
- Behavior, addictive /
- Mental health /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同组别上海市青少年2004—2019年网络成瘾检出率比较
Table 1. Trends in the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents in 2004-2019 from Shanghai
组别 选项 统计值 2004年 2006年 2008年 2012年 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 性别 男 4 593 205(4.5) 4 269 259(6.1) 4 583 240(5.2) 8 454 483(5.7) 女 5 203 85(1.6) 4 236 98(2.3) 4 419 101(2.3) 8 778 272(3.1) χ2值 68.0 74.5 53.8 70.3 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 学段 初中 4 103 68(1.7) 2 765 64(2.3) 3 450 104(3.0) 10 976 380(3.5) 普高 3 679 109(3.0) 3 074 108(3.5) 3 857 105(2.7) 4 949 264(5.3) 中职校 2 014 113(5.6) 2 666 185(6.9) 1 695 132(7.8) 1 307 111(8.5) χ2值 73.5 77.8 92.1 85.6 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 年龄/岁 10~12 708 4(0.6) 1 905 36(1.9) 180 2(1.1) 1 857 29(1.6) 13~15 4 324 103(2.4) 4 409 187(4.2) 3 314 112(3.4) 8 480 336(4.0) 16~20 4 764 183(3.8) 2 191 134(6.1) 5 508 227(4.1) 6 895 390(5.7) χ2值 32.0 45.3 6.7 65.5 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.03 < 0.01 孤独感 是 6 941 222(3.2) 6 096 289(4.7) 6 617 274(4.1) 10 083 539(5.3) 否 2 855 68(2.4) 2 409 68(2.8) 2 385 67(2.8) 7 149 216(3.0) χ2值 4.7 15.8 8.5 53.9 P值 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 学习压力感 是 8 461 223(2.6) 7 343 307(4.2) 7 590 276(3.6) 13 672 635(4.6) 否 1 335 67(5.0) 1 162 50(4.3) 1 412 65(4.6) 3 560 120(3.4) χ2值 22.8 0.0 3.1 10.9 P值 < 0.01 0.85 0.08 < 0.01 抑郁情绪 是 1 222 89(7.3) 1 090 118(10.8) 1 026 82(8.0) 2 175 216(9.9) 否 8 574 201(2.3) 7 415 239(3.2) 7 976 259(3.3) 15 057 539(3.6) χ2值 90.8 136.6 56.2 183.0 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 合计 9 796 290(3.0) 8 505 357(4.2) 9 002 341(3.8) 17 232 755(4.4) 组别 选项 统计值 2015年 2017年 2019年 合计 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 性别 男 9 451 586(6.2) 6 825 260(3.8) 7 356 364(4.9) 45 531 2 397(5.3) 女 9 192 440(4.8) 7 278 277(3.8) 7 534 327(4.3) 46 640 1 600(3.4) χ2值 17.9 0.0 3.1 186.8 P值 < 0.01 0.99 0.08 < 0.01 学段 初中 6 137 186(3.0) 9 103 215(2.4) 8 447 243(2.9) 44 981 1 260(2.8) 普高 6 151 327(5.3) 3 192 186(5.8) 4 352 260(6.0) 29 254 1 359(4.6) 中职校 6 355 513(8.1) 1 808 136(7.5) 2 091 188(9.0) 17 936 1 378(7.7) χ2值 153.2 155.6 166.3 746.5 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 年龄/岁 10~12 2 695 49(1.8) 4 110 47(1.1) 2 762 52(1.9) 14 217 219(1.5) 13~15 6 364 320(5.0) 6 191 252(4.1) 6 156 215(3.5) 39 238 1 525(3.9) 16~20 9 584 657(6.9) 3 802 238(6.3) 5 972 424(7.1) 38 716 2 253(5.8) χ2值 106.8 143.2 147.4 492.3 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 孤独感 是 10 534 755(7.2) 6 820 404(5.9) 8 878 535(6.0) 55 969 3 018(5.4) 否 8 109 271(3.3) 7 283 133(1.8) 6 012 156(2.6) 36 202 979(2.7) χ2值 128.9 161.4 95.4 382.9 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 学习压力感 是 13 574 818(6.0) 9 899 453(4.6) 11 584 570(4.9) 72 123 3 282(4.6) 否 5 069 208(4.1) 4 204 84(2.0) 3 306 121(3.7) 20 048 715(3.6) χ2值 26.2 53.5 9.2 36.6 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 抑郁情绪 是 2 174 257(11.8) 1 506 134(8.9) 2 078 199(9.6) 11 271 1 095(9.7) 否 16 469 769(4.7) 12 597 403(3.2) 12 812 492(3.8) 80 900 2 902(3.6) χ2值 188.9 119.3 133.0 895.5 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 合计 18 643 1 026(5.5) 14 103 537(3.8) 14 890 691(4.6) 92 171 3 997(4.3) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。 
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