学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯状况及相关因素分析

肖琛嫦; 格桑曲珍; 郭孟兰; 翟萌曦; 尹晓红; 俞斌; 燕虹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.08.011

学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯状况及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.08.011

1.
武汉城市学院医学部, 湖北 430083
2.
武汉大学公共卫生学院

详细信息

作者简介:
肖琛嫦(1980-)，女，湖北罗田人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:
燕虹，E-mail：yanhmjxr@whu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R788 R193 R780.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-10
- 修回日期: 2022-05-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-25

Analysis of poor oral habits and related factors among preschool children

1.
Medical Department of Wuhan City College, Wuhan (430083), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯状况及其相关因素，为改善儿童口腔卫生并促进其健康提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取武汉市和鄂州市12所幼儿园3 094名幼儿为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集基本人口学信息、儿童口腔不良习惯等信息。采用χ²检验进行单因素分析，二分类Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 33.5%的儿童检出口腔不良习惯，在各项不良习惯中，儿童喜欢咬指甲、玩具(4.4%)，吮吸手指(3.8%)，喜欢用嘴呼吸(3.7%)等不良习惯的检出率较高。多因素分析结果显示，独生子女(OR=1.26)、挑食(OR=1.30)和暴露二手烟(OR=1.69)的儿童更可能有口腔不良习惯，而家庭居住在城市(OR=0.58)、经济条件好(OR=0.66)、健康状况良好(OR=0.37)、饮食荤素比例适宜(OR=0.71)、母亲学历为高中/中专(OR=0.72)的儿童口腔习惯较好(P值均 < 0.05)。结论学龄前儿童口腔习惯与多种因素相关。干预时应综合考虑各因素，重点关注独生子女、居住在农村、爱挑食和有二手烟暴露风险的儿童。
- 口腔卫生 /
- 习惯 /
- 健康教育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To understand poor oral habits of preschool children and related factors, so as to provide evidence for child oral health promotion. Methods A total of 3 094 preschool children from 12 kindergartens in Wuhan and Ezhou were selected by cluster sampling method. Basic demographic information and child poor oral habits were evaluated through questionnaire survey. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression was performed for multivariate analysis. Results About 33.5% of preschoolers were found to have poor oral habits. Among them, biting nails and toys (4.4%), sucking fingers (3.8%), mouth breathing (3.7%) ranked the highest. Multivariate analysis showed that only child(OR=1.26), picky eaters(OR=1.30), and exposure to second-hand smoke (OR=1.69) were associated with poor oral habits, while living in cities(OR=0.58), high family economic status (OR=0.66), and good health (OR=0.37), balanced diet (OR=0.71), maternal high school education (OR=0.72) were associated with better oral habits(P < 0.05). Conclusion Preschool children's oral habits are affected by variable factors, attention should be paid to children who are the only child of the family, picky eaters, living in rural areas, and those exposed to second-hand smoke.
- Oral hygiene /
- Habits /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of oral bad habits of preschoolers

组别	选项	人数	不良习惯人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 667	556(33.4)	0.06	0.80
	女	1 427	482(33.8)
年龄/岁	3	847	275(32.5)	5.70	0.06
	4	1 281	410(32.0)
	5~6	966	353(36.5)
独生子女	是	1 797	639(35.6)	8.01	0.01
	否	1 275	391(30.7)
剖宫产	是	2 051	676(33.0)	1.01	0.32
	否	1 015	353(34.8)
纯母乳喂养	是	1 700	582(34.2)	0.46	0.50
	否	1 367	452(33.1)
暴露二手烟	是	487	216(44.4)	30.51	< 0.01
	否	2 577	811(31.5)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	263	104(39.5)	6.52	0.09
	高中/中专	888	281(31.6)
	大专	487	157(32.2)
	本科及以上	1 405	484(34.4)
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	340	132(38.8)	10.20	0.02
	高中/中专	876	266(30.4)
	大专	499	159(31.9)
	本科及以上	1 341	470(35.0)
家庭所在地	城市	2 845	932(32.8)	13.74	< 0.01
	农村	225	101(44.9)
家庭经济状况	好	449	118(26.3)	13.14	< 0.01
	一般	2 418	835(34.5)
	差	180	68(37.8)
儿童进餐情况	独立完成	1 413	446(31.6)	4.29	0.12
	有时能独立	1 484	522(35.2)
	要别人喂养	190	65(34.2)
儿童挑食情况	不挑食	651	188(28.9)	18.47	< 0.01
	一般	1 596	520(32.6)
	挑食	837	327(39.1)
饮食荤素比例	更喜欢吃素	494	193(39.1)	20.87	< 0.01
	更喜欢吃荤	999	365(36.5)
	差不多	1 585	472(29.8)
儿童健康状况	好	2 531	812(32.1)	20.15	< 0.01
	一般	505	200(39.6)
	差	30	18(60.0)
注：()内数字为检出率/%；部分项目存在缺失数据。

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表 2 学龄前儿童口腔不良习惯二元Logistic回归分析(n=3 094)

Table 2. Binary Logistic regression analysis of oral bad habits of preschoolers(n=3 094)

自变量	分类	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
独生子女	否				1.00
	是	0.23	0.08	7.39	1.26(1.07~1.48)	0.01
暴露二手烟	否				1.00
	是	0.53	0.10	26.13	1.69(1.38~2.07)	< 0.01
母亲文化程度	初中及以下				1.00
	高中/中专	-0.32	0.14	5.45	0.72(0.55~0.95)	0.02
	大专	-0.18	0.16	1.29	0.84(0.62~1.14)	0.26
	本科及以上	-0.02	0.14	0.02	0.98(0.75~1.29)	0.88
家庭所在地	农村				1.00
	城市	-0.54	0.15	13.48	0.58(0.43~0.78)	< 0.01
家庭经济状况	差				1.00
	好	-0.42	0.20	4.62	0.66(0.45~0.96)	0.03
	一般	-0.06	0.16	0.12	0.94(0.68~1.30)	0.73
儿童挑食情况	不挑食				1.00
	一般	0.07	0.10	0.45	1.07(0.88~1.31)	0.50
	挑食	0.26	0.12	4.86	1.30(1.03~1.63)	0.03
饮食荤素比例	更喜欢吃素				1.00
	更喜欢吃荤	-0.10	0.12	0.68	0.91(0.73~1.14)	0.41
	差不多	-0.35	0.11	9.68	0.71(0.57~0.88)	< 0.01
儿童健康状况	差				1.00
	好	-0.99	0.39	6.59	0.37(0.17~0.79)	0.01
	一般	-0.75	0.39	3.64	0.47(0.22~1.02)	0.06

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