北京东京幼儿超重肥胖及其与生活方式的相关性

陈洪淼; 蔡华康; 薛婷; 张楠; 陈丽坤; 吴聿霖

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.034

北京东京幼儿超重肥胖及其与生活方式的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.034

陈洪淼^{1, 2},
蔡华康¹,
薛婷¹,
张楠¹,
陈丽坤³,
吴聿霖⁴

1.
华侨大学体育学院，福建泉州 362021
2.
华侨大学体育与健康科学研究中心
3.
晋江市实验幼儿园
4.
泉州市丰泽区教师进修学校

详细信息

作者简介:
陈洪淼(1975-)，男，江西九江人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为幼儿体质健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R723.14 G617.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-22
- 修回日期: 2022-03-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Overweight and obesity status among children in Beijing and Tokyo and its relationship with lifestyle

1.
Department of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou (362021), Fujian Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的描述北京、东京3~5岁幼儿的超重肥胖现状，比较两地幼儿肥胖特征及其与生活方式的关系，为促进幼儿肥胖防治工作提供参考。方法采用整群分层随机抽样法，于2019年10—11月选取北京、东京共444名3~5岁幼儿为研究对象，对其进行身高、体重测量及生活方式调查，对两地幼儿的超重、肥胖现状及与生活方式的关系进行对比分析。结果北京幼儿的体质量指数(BMI)水平及超重肥胖率(25.28%)高于东京幼儿(18.44%)，北京与东京幼儿超重肥胖率在早饭前是否身体活动上差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为29.14，31.18，P值均 < 0.05)。北京与东京幼儿超重肥胖率在晚饭后不同零食频率上差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为24.72，21.93，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析进一步表明，北京幼儿早饭前不进行身体活动与发生超重或肥胖呈正相关(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10~2.68)，晚饭后经常吃零食(OR=2.56，95%CI=1.44~3.57)和有时吃零食(OR=1.72，95%CI=1.21~2.72)的北京幼儿与超重或肥胖的发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论北京幼儿的超重、肥胖现象高于东京幼儿，早饭前不进行身体活动、晚饭后有时吃零食、晚饭后经常吃零食与北京幼儿超重或肥胖发生呈正相关。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 生活方式 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To describe the status quo of overweight and obesity among children aged 3 to 5 in Beijing and Tokyo, and to explore its relationship with lifestyle. Methods Using the method of cluster stratified random sampling, a sample of 444 children aged 3-5 years from Beijing and Tokyo were selected in Oct. and Nov. of 2019. Height, weight and lifestyle were measured. Overweight and obesity among children in the two cities and its relationship with lifestyle were compared and analyzed. Results Average level of BMI, rate of overweight and obesity of children in Beijing(25.28%) were higher than those in Tokyo(18.44%). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with physical activity before breakfast(χ²=29.14, 31.18, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with different snack frequency after dinner(χ²=24.72, 21.93, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis further showed that children's lack of physical activity before breakfast in Beijing is positively related to overweight and obesity(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10-2.68). Beijing children who often eat snacks after supper (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.44-3.57, ) and sometimes eat snacks were positively correlated with the occurrence of overweight or obesity (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.21-2.72). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Beijing is higher than that in Tokyo. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity among infants in Beijing include lack of physical activity before breakfast and frequent snacking after dinner.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Life style /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
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表 1 不同生活方式北京和东京幼儿超重肥胖检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of children in Beijing and Tokyo with different life styles

生活方式	北京			东京
生活方式	人数	超重肥胖人数	χ²值	人数	超重肥胖人数	χ²值
早饭前是否身体活动
否	122	39(31.97)	29.14^**	36	26(72.22)	31.18^**
是	143	28(19.58)		143	7(4.90)
吃饭看电视行为
经常不看	179	17(9.50)	4.32	138	11(7.97)	5.33
有时看	36	13(36.11)		13	9(69.23)
经常看	35	23(65.71)		18	9(50.00)
每天看	15	14(93.33)		10	4(40.00)
排便情况
早上经常不排便	60	7(11.67)	2.73	47	5(10.64)	3.73
早上有时排便	61	7(11.48)		48	7(14.58)
早上经常排便	80	37(46.25)		50	16(32.00)
每天早上都排便	64	16(25.00)		34	5(14.71)
上幼儿园的交通方式
乘车	174	45(25.86)	2.12	160	25(15.63)	2.08
走路	91	22(24.18)		19	8(42.11)
每天视屏时间/h
≤1	163	35(21.47)	3.17	152	24(15.79)	a
1.1~3	89	24(26.97)		25	8(32.00)
3.1~4	6	5(83.33)		2	1(50.00)
4.1~6	7	3(42.86)		0	0
晚饭后吃零食频率
经常吃	57	32(56.14)	24.72^*	35	16(45.71)	21.93^*
有时吃	61	18(29.51)		36	10(27.78)
经常不吃	102	11(10.78)		103	6(5.83)
每天都不吃	45	6(13.33)		5	1(20.00)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01；a为采用Fisher's精确检验。

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表 2 北京和东京幼儿超重、肥胖多因素Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of overweight or obesity and lifestyle among preschool children in Beijing and Tokyo

自变量	北京(n=265)				东京(n=179)
自变量	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
早饭前是否身体活动
否	0.49	0.61	1.45(1.10~2.68)	0.03	-1.48	46.26	1.06(0.42~2.68)	0.91
晚饭后零食频率
经常吃	1.32	2.34	2.56(1.44~3.57)	0.01	-0.43	0.34	0.65(0.15~2.79)	0.56
有时吃	0.98	0.23	1.72(1.21~2.72)	0.02	-0.43	0.34	0.65(0.15~2.79)	0.56
经常不吃	-1.11	3.13	1.36(0.93~2.24)	0.24	-0.21	0.14	0.81(0.27~2.46)	0.71

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