北京东京幼儿超重肥胖及其与生活方式的相关性

陈洪淼; 蔡华康; 薛婷; 张楠; 陈丽坤; 吴聿霖

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.034

北京东京幼儿超重肥胖及其与生活方式的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.034

陈洪淼^{1, 2},
蔡华康¹,
薛婷¹,
张楠¹,
陈丽坤³,
吴聿霖⁴

1.
华侨大学体育学院，福建泉州 362021
2.
华侨大学体育与健康科学研究中心
3.
晋江市实验幼儿园
4.
泉州市丰泽区教师进修学校

详细信息

作者简介:
陈洪淼(1975-)，男，江西九江人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为幼儿体质健康

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R723.14 G617.9
计量
- 文章访问数: 486
- HTML全文浏览量: 218
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-22
- 修回日期: 2022-03-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Overweight and obesity status among children in Beijing and Tokyo and its relationship with lifestyle

1.
Department of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou (362021), Fujian Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的描述北京、东京3~5岁幼儿的超重肥胖现状，比较两地幼儿肥胖特征及其与生活方式的关系，为促进幼儿肥胖防治工作提供参考。方法采用整群分层随机抽样法，于2019年10—11月选取北京、东京共444名3~5岁幼儿为研究对象，对其进行身高、体重测量及生活方式调查，对两地幼儿的超重、肥胖现状及与生活方式的关系进行对比分析。结果北京幼儿的体质量指数(BMI)水平及超重肥胖率(25.28%)高于东京幼儿(18.44%)，北京与东京幼儿超重肥胖率在早饭前是否身体活动上差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为29.14，31.18，P值均 < 0.05)。北京与东京幼儿超重肥胖率在晚饭后不同零食频率上差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为24.72，21.93，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析进一步表明，北京幼儿早饭前不进行身体活动与发生超重或肥胖呈正相关(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10~2.68)，晚饭后经常吃零食(OR=2.56，95%CI=1.44~3.57)和有时吃零食(OR=1.72，95%CI=1.21~2.72)的北京幼儿与超重或肥胖的发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论北京幼儿的超重、肥胖现象高于东京幼儿，早饭前不进行身体活动、晚饭后有时吃零食、晚饭后经常吃零食与北京幼儿超重或肥胖发生呈正相关。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 生活方式 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To describe the status quo of overweight and obesity among children aged 3 to 5 in Beijing and Tokyo, and to explore its relationship with lifestyle. Methods Using the method of cluster stratified random sampling, a sample of 444 children aged 3-5 years from Beijing and Tokyo were selected in Oct. and Nov. of 2019. Height, weight and lifestyle were measured. Overweight and obesity among children in the two cities and its relationship with lifestyle were compared and analyzed. Results Average level of BMI, rate of overweight and obesity of children in Beijing(25.28%) were higher than those in Tokyo(18.44%). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with physical activity before breakfast(χ²=29.14, 31.18, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with different snack frequency after dinner(χ²=24.72, 21.93, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis further showed that children's lack of physical activity before breakfast in Beijing is positively related to overweight and obesity(OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10-2.68). Beijing children who often eat snacks after supper (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.44-3.57, ) and sometimes eat snacks were positively correlated with the occurrence of overweight or obesity (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.21-2.72). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Beijing is higher than that in Tokyo. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity among infants in Beijing include lack of physical activity before breakfast and frequent snacking after dinner.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Life style /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同生活方式北京和东京幼儿超重肥胖检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of children in Beijing and Tokyo with different life styles

生活方式	北京			东京
生活方式	人数	超重肥胖人数	χ²值	人数	超重肥胖人数	χ²值
早饭前是否身体活动
否	122	39(31.97)	29.14^**	36	26(72.22)	31.18^**
是	143	28(19.58)		143	7(4.90)
吃饭看电视行为
经常不看	179	17(9.50)	4.32	138	11(7.97)	5.33
有时看	36	13(36.11)		13	9(69.23)
经常看	35	23(65.71)		18	9(50.00)
每天看	15	14(93.33)		10	4(40.00)
排便情况
早上经常不排便	60	7(11.67)	2.73	47	5(10.64)	3.73
早上有时排便	61	7(11.48)		48	7(14.58)
早上经常排便	80	37(46.25)		50	16(32.00)
每天早上都排便	64	16(25.00)		34	5(14.71)
上幼儿园的交通方式
乘车	174	45(25.86)	2.12	160	25(15.63)	2.08
走路	91	22(24.18)		19	8(42.11)
每天视屏时间/h
≤1	163	35(21.47)	3.17	152	24(15.79)	a
1.1~3	89	24(26.97)		25	8(32.00)
3.1~4	6	5(83.33)		2	1(50.00)
4.1~6	7	3(42.86)		0	0
晚饭后吃零食频率
经常吃	57	32(56.14)	24.72^*	35	16(45.71)	21.93^*
有时吃	61	18(29.51)		36	10(27.78)
经常不吃	102	11(10.78)		103	6(5.83)
每天都不吃	45	6(13.33)		5	1(20.00)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01；a为采用Fisher's精确检验。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 北京和东京幼儿超重、肥胖多因素Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of overweight or obesity and lifestyle among preschool children in Beijing and Tokyo

自变量	北京(n=265)				东京(n=179)
自变量	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
早饭前是否身体活动
否	0.49	0.61	1.45(1.10~2.68)	0.03	-1.48	46.26	1.06(0.42~2.68)	0.91
晚饭后零食频率
经常吃	1.32	2.34	2.56(1.44~3.57)	0.01	-0.43	0.34	0.65(0.15~2.79)	0.56
有时吃	0.98	0.23	1.72(1.21~2.72)	0.02	-0.43	0.34	0.65(0.15~2.79)	0.56
经常不吃	-1.11	3.13	1.36(0.93~2.24)	0.24	-0.21	0.14	0.81(0.27~2.46)	0.71

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(30)

[1]	韩晓伟, 周志雄. 国际幼儿体育研究演进特征及启示[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2020, 43(5): 50-65. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD202005006.htm HAN X W, ZHOU Z X. Research on evolutionary characteristics and implications of international preschool children's sports[J]. J Beijing Sport Univ, 2020, 43(5): 50-65. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD202005006.htm
[2]	GARRIDO-MIGUEL M, OLIVEIRA A, CAVERO-REDONDO I, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among European preschool children: a systematic review and Meta-regression by food group consumption[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(7): 1698. doi: 10.3390/nu11071698
[3]	陈卫芳. 单纯性肥胖儿童干预与健康指导的效果研究[J]. 中外医疗, 2021, 40(29): 178-182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HZZZ202129044.htm CHEN W F. Study on the effect of intervention and health guidance for children with simple obesity[J]. Chin Foreign Med Treat, 2021, 40(29): 178-182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HZZZ202129044.htm
[4]	王付曼, 姚屹, 杨琦. 中国七个城市学龄前儿童消瘦、超重和肥胖状况的队列研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2019, 23(5): 522-526. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ201905006.htm WANG F M, YAO Y, YANG Q. Cohort study on thin, overweight and obesity of preschool children among 7 cities in China[J]. Chin J Dis Control, 2019, 23(5): 522-526. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ201905006.htm
[5]	张安易, 李生慧, 马骏. 肥胖儿童生活方式的研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(3): 247-250. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201803006.htm ZHANG A Y, LI S H, MA J. Study about the lifestyle of children with obesity[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2018, 26(3): 247-250. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201803006.htm
[6]	郭思玉, 陆红艳, 张建端. 学龄前儿童饮食行为与体质量指数相关性研究[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2018, 19(2): 81-85. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYC201802001.htm GUO S Y, LU H Y, ZHANG J D. The association between eating behavior and body mass index among preschool children[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2018, 19(2): 81-85. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYC201802001.htm
[7]	WHO. The WHO child growth standards[S]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.
[8]	殷侠, 白景芝, 邱丙平. 学龄期儿童单纯性肥胖现状调查及影响因素[J]. 中国卫生工程学, 2020, 19(2): 219-220. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWX202002020.htm YIN X, BAI J Z, QIU B P. Investigation and influencing factors of simple obesity in children at school age[J]. Chin J Public Health Eng, 2020, 19(2): 219-220. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWX202002020.htm
[9]	李旭利, 张喜莉, 白晓芬. 婴幼儿营养与喂养状况调查及干预措施分析[J]. 中外医学研究, 2019, 17(25): 155-157. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJZY201925067.htm LI X L, ZHANG X L, BAI X F. Investigation of infant nutrition and feeding status and analysis of intervention measures[J]. Chin J Med Res, 2019, 17(25): 155-157. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJZY201925067.htm
[10]	马欣, 王艳, 王官利. 学龄前儿童营养状况及影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生管理, 2021, 37(5): 664-667. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GGWS202105026.htm MA X, WANG Y, WANG G L. Analysis of nutritional status and influencing factors of preschool children[J]. Chin J Public Health Man, 2021, 37(5): 664-667. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GGWS202105026.htm
[11]	LARQUÉ E, LABAYEN I, FLODMARK C E, et al. From conception to infancy: early risk factors for childhood obesity[J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2019, 15(8): 456-478. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0219-1
[12]	张睛睛. 日本人饮食生活的变迁: 作为健康饮食代表的"和食"的形成与发展[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2018, 12(27): 63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0270.2018.27.049 ZHANG Q Q. The formation and development of: as "Japanese cooking" represented by healthy diet[J]. China Food Safety Magazi, 2018, 12(27): 63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0270.2018.27.049
[13]	胡巧荣. 美国幼儿身体活动的环境政策研究[J]. 体育师友, 2018, 41(6): 41-44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1487.2018.06.018 HU Q R. Environmental policy study on physical activity in America[J]. Sports Teach Friends, 2018, 41(6): 41-44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1487.2018.06.018
[14]	LOPEZ N V, SCHEMBRE S, BELCHER B R, et al. Parenting styles, food-related parenting practices, and children's healthy eating: a mediation analysis to examine relationships between parenting and child diet[J]. Appetite, 2018, 128: 205-213. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.021
[15]	吴海军, 谭志军, 梁英, 等. 学龄前儿童体力活动模式及其与儿童超重/肥胖的关系[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(12): 1284-1288. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0493 WU H J, TAN Z J, LIANG Y, et al. Patterns of physical activity in preschoolers and their relationship to overweight/obesity in children[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2018, 26(12): 1284-1288. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-0493
[16]	曾祥宇, 黄彦, 刘斯博, 等. 睡眠时长、饮食习惯与学龄儿童肥胖的关系[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2021, 25(5): 600-604, 611. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ202105019.htm ZENG X Y, HUANG Y, LIU S B, et al. The relationship between sleep duration, eatinghabits and obesity in school-age children[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2021, 25(5): 600-604, 611. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ202105019.htm
[17]	ZHOU N, CHEAH C S L. Ecological risk model of childhood obesity in Chinese immigrant children[J]. Appetite, 2015, 90: 99-107. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.028
[18]	陶秀娟, 杨建军, 范彦娜, 等. 零食、体力活动和静坐行为与超重、肥胖及社会人口学特征的相关性研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2019, 34(11): 2579-2582. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201911052.htm TAO X J, YANG J J, FAN Y N, et al. Association of snacks, physical activity, and sedentary behavior with overweight, obesity, and sociodemographic characteristics[J]. Matern Child Health Care China, 2019, 34(11): 2579-2582. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201911052.htm
[19]	薛晓丹, 李威. 零食与儿童青少年健康关系的研究进展[J]. 职业与健康, 2022, 38(1): 137-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK202201031.htm XUE X D, LI W. Research progress on relationship between snacks and health of children and adolescents[J]. Occup Health, 2022, 38(1): 137-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK202201031.htm
[20]	李荣, 陈德阳, 第娜. 庆阳市3~12岁儿童零食消费行为调查[J]. 现代食品, 2020, 34(5): 221-228. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPXD202005071.htm LI R, CHEN D Y, DI N. Investigation on snack consumption behavior of children aged 3-12 in Qingyang City[J]. Mod Food, 2020, 34(5): 221-228. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPXD202005071.htm
[21]	鲜金利, 蔡正杰, 李婷婷, 等. 视屏时间及其导致的零食消费对儿童超重肥胖影响研究进展[J]. 现代预防医学, 2020, 47(13): 2368-2370, 2380. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202013015.htm XIAN J L, CAI Z J, LI T T, et al. Research progress on the effects of screen time and its resulting snack consumption on overweight and obesity in children[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2020, 47(13): 2368-2370, 2380. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202013015.htm
[22]	黄婉平, 陈甘讷, 韦荣忠, 等. 广州花都3373名学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(1): 67-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201801019.htm HUANG W P, CHEN G N, WEI R Z, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of simple obesity in 3373 preschool children in Huadu District, Guangzhou[J]. Chin J Child Health, 2018, 26(1): 67-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201801019.htm
[23]	胡晓芹. 孕前BMI与孕中晚期体重增加速度对新生儿出生体重的影响[J]. 中国临床新医学, 2021, 14(12): 1221-1225. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2021.12.13 HU X Q. Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and rates of weight gain in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on neonatal birth weight[J]. Chin J New Clin Med, 2021, 14(12): 1221-1225. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2021.12.13
[24]	ARMOON B, KARIMY M. Epidemiology of childhood overweight, obesity and their related factors in a sample of preschool children from Central Iran[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2019, 19(1): 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1376-4
[25]	房红芸, 赵丽云, 郭齐雅, 等. 中国6~17岁儿童青少年身高、体重、BMI变化趋势[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2021, 27(4): 16-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2021.04.004 FANG H Y, ZHAO L Y, GUO Q Y, et al. Trends of height, weight and BMI in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17[J]. Food Nutr China, 2021, 27(4): 16-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2021.04.004
[26]	黄绯绯, 王惠君, 王志宏, 等. 《中国儿童青少年零食指南(2018)》简介[J]. 营养学报, 2018, 40(5): 417-418. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0512-7955.2018.05.001 HUANG F F, WANG H J, WANG Z H, et al. Introduction to the snack guide for chinese children and adolescents(2018)[J]. Acta Nutr Sinica, 2018, 40(5): 417-418. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0512-7955.2018.05.001
[27]	薛晓丹, 李威. 零食与儿童青少年健康关系的研究进展[J]. 职业与健康, 2022, 38(1): 137-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK202201031.htm XUE X D, LI W. Research progress on relationship between snacks and health of children and adolescents[J]. Occup Health, 2022, 38(1): 137-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK202201031.htm
[28]	ROSCOE C M P, JAMES R S, DUNCAN M J. Calibration of gene active accelerometer wrist cutpoints for the assessment of physical activity intensity of preschool aged children[J]. Eur J Pediatr, 2017, 176(8): 1093-1098. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-2948-2
[29]	教育部. 幼儿园工作规程(2016)[EB/OL]. (2016-03-01)[2021-12-25]. http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A02/s5911/moe__621/201602/t20160229_231184.html. Ministry of Education of the PRC. Kindergarten work procedures(2016)[EB/OL]. (2016-03-01)[2021-12-25]. http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A02/s5911/moe__621/201602/t20160229_231184.html.
[30]	郝晓岑. 中日韩幼儿体育概览[J]. 体育文化导刊, 2016, 34(7): 153-158. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYWS201607035.htm HAO X C. An overview of early childhood sports in China, Japan and South Korea[J]. Sports Cultur Guide, 2016, 34(7): 153-158. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYWS201607035.htm