宁夏地区2019年6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况与身体素质关系

潘婷婷; 赵海萍; 张慧; 张淑静; 黄子睿

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.028

宁夏地区2019年6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况与身体素质关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.028

宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院，宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室，银川 750004

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 30021004

详细信息

作者简介:
潘婷婷(1995-)，女，吉林磐石人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年生长发育及慢性病防治

通讯作者:
赵海萍，E-mail：zhpgj@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R151 R153.2 G804.49
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-27
- 修回日期: 2022-04-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Relationship between BMI nutritional status and physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019

School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Key Laboratory of environmental factors and chronic disease control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan (750004), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2019年宁夏6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况和身体素质情况，为提高儿童青少年身体素质、健康水平提供科学依据。方法在宁夏地区采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取16 076名6~18岁儿童青少年，测量体重、身高、身体素质指标(50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈)，分析营养状况和身体素质情况，用χ²检验比较组间差距，用Logistic回归分析营养状况与身体素质的关系。结果 2019年宁夏地区6~18岁儿童青少年消瘦率为6.9%、超重率为12.6%、肥胖率为8.7%；坐位体前屈、50 m跑、立定跳远的不及格率分别为10.0%，8.6%，26.7%，及格率分别为63.5%，63.7%，55.5%，良好率分别为14.7%，11.7%，12.3%，优秀率分别为11.8%，16.0%，5.5%；消瘦组坐位体前屈、50 m跑、立定跳远及格及以上率低于体重正常组；超重组50 m跑、立定跳远及格及以上率低于体重正常组；肥胖组坐位体前屈、50 m跑、立定跳远及格及以上率低于体重正常组(OR值分别为0.75，0.72，0.77；0.79，0.52；0.73，0.52，0.32，P值均 < 0.05)。结论 2019年宁夏儿童青少年存在消瘦和超重肥胖的双重负担，身体素质与营养状况存在相关性，可以通过控制消瘦和超重肥胖来提高身体素质。
- 营养状况 /
- 身体素质 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the nutritional status and physical quality of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for health promotion children and adolescents. Methods A total of 16 076 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old from Ningxia were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Weight, height and physical fitness indexes (50 m running, standing long jump, sitting forward flexion) were measured and analyzed. The Chi-square test was carried out to compare differences between groups, and the relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness was assessed by Logistic regression models. Results In 2019, detection rate of stunting loss rate, overweight and obesity rate of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia were 6.9%, 12.6% and 8.7%, respectively. The below-average rates of sitting forward flexion, 50 m running and standing long jump were 10.0%, 8.6% and 26.7%, respectively, while the passing rates were 63.5%, 63.7% and 55.5%, respectively. The good rates were 14.7%, 11.7% and 12.3%, and the excellent rates were 11.8%, 16.0% and 5.5%, respectively. The passing rates of sitting forward flexion, 50 m running and standing long jump in stunting group were lower than those in the normal weight group (OR=0.75, 0.72, 0.77, P < 0.05); the passing rates of 50 m run and standing long jump in the overweight group was lower than that of normal weight group (OR=0.79, 0.52, P < 0.05); the passing rates of sitting forward flexion, 50 m running and standing long jump in the obese group were lower than those in the normal weight group (OR=0.73, 0.52, 0.32, P < 0.05). Conclusion In 2019, children and adolescents in Ningxia have the doublel burden of stunting, overweight and obesity. Physical fitness is associated with nutritional status, suggesting weight control might be helpful to keep fitness among children and adolescents.
- Nutritional status /
- Physical fitness /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 2019年宁夏6~18岁儿童青少年营养状况分布

Table 1. BMI nutritional status of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019

年龄/岁	人数	消瘦	正常	超重	肥胖
6	841	52(6.2)	581(69.1)	119(14.1)	89(10.6)
7	1 384	110(7.9)	951(68.7)	173(12.5)	150(10.8)
8	1 460	107(7.3)	1041(71.3)	144(9.9)	168(11.5)
9	1 634	129(7.9)	1130(69.2)	179(11.0)	196(12.0)
10	1 538	121(7.9)	1081(70.3)	168(10.9)	168(10.9)
11	1 564	89(5.7)	1087(69.5)	223(14.3)	165(10.5)
12	1 388	99(7.1)	992(71.5)	186(13.4)	111(8.0)
13	1 164	75(6.4)	856(73.5)	149(12.8)	84(7.2)
14	1 194	80(6.7)	892(74.7)	143(12.0)	79(6.6)
15	1 200	76(6.3)	896(74.7)	169(14.1)	59(4.9)
16	1 045	52(5.0)	783(74.9)	154(14.7)	56(5.4)
17	1 081	76(7.0)	814(75.3)	148(13.7)	43(4.0)
18	583	39(6.7)	440(75.5)	70(12.0)	34(5.8)
合计	16 076	1 105(6.9)	11 544(71.8)	2 025(12.6)	1 402(8.7)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 2019年宁夏6~18岁不同性别儿童青少年营养状况分布

Table 2. Comparison of BMI nutritional status of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019

年龄/岁	男生					女生					χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	人数	消瘦	正常	超重	肥胖	人数	消瘦	正常	超重	肥胖	χ²值	P值
6	404	22(5.4)	265(65.6)	65(16.1)	52(12.9)	437	30(6.9)	316(72.3)	54(12.4)	37(8.5)	7.97	0.05
7	728	58(8.0)	480(65.9)	96(13.2)	94(12.9)	656	52(7.9)	471(71.8)	77(11.7)	56(8.5)	8.40	0.04
8	768	47(6.1)	528(68.8)	84(10.9)	109(14.2)	692	60(8.7)	513(74.1)	60(8.7)	59(8.5)	16.77	< 0.01
9	900	56(6.2)	593(65.9)	122(13.6)	129(14.3)	734	73(9.9)	537(73.2)	57(7.8)	67(9.1)	31.69	< 0.01
10	805	52(6.5)	529(65.7)	111(13.8)	113(14.0)	733	69(9.4)	552(75.3)	57(7.8)	55(7.5)	36.97	< 0.01
11	790	47(5.9)	491(62.2)	144(18.2)	108(13.7)	774	42(5.4)	596(77.0)	79(10.2)	57(7.4)	44.97	< 0.01
12	738	69(9.3)	463(62.7)	128(17.3)	78(10.6)	650	30(4.6)	529(81.4)	58(8.9)	33(5.1)	59.00	< 0.01
13	609	55(9.0)	408(67.0)	92(15.1)	54(8.9)	555	20(3.6)	448(80.7)	57(10.3)	30(5.4)	30.84	< 0.01
14	639	55(8.6)	452(70.7)	80(12.5)	52(8.1)	555	25(4.5)	440(79.3)	63(11.4)	27(4.9)	15.51	< 0.01
15	638	56(8.8)	465(72.9)	82(12.9)	35(5.5)	562	20(3.6)	431(76.7)	87(15.5)	24(4.3)	15.79	< 0.01
16	529	35(6.6)	384(72.6)	81(15.3)	29(5.5)	516	17(3.3)	399(77.3)	73(14.1)	27(5.2)	6.84	0.09
17	534	52(9.7)	381(71.3)	77(14.4)	24(4.5)	547	24(4.4)	433(79.2)	71(13.0)	19(3.5)	15.33	< 0.01
18	335	26(7.8)	235(70.1)	51(15.2)	23(6.9)	248	13(5.2)	205(82.7)	19(7.7)	11(4.4)	12.54	0.01
合计	8 417	630(7.5)	5 674(67.4)	1 213(14.4)	900(10.7)	7 659	475(6.2)	5 870(76.6)	812(10.6)	502(6.6)	183.42	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 2019年宁夏6~18岁儿童青少年的身体素质情况

Table 3. Physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Ningxia in 2019

性别与年级		人数	坐位体前屈				50 m跑				立定跳远
性别与年级		人数	不及格	及格	良好	优秀	不及格	及格	良好	优秀	不及格	及格	良好	优秀
男	一至三	2 360	240(10.2)	1 605(68.0)	245(10.4)	270(11.4)	354(15.0)	1 553(65.8)	144(6.1)	309(13.1)	-	-	-	-
	四至六	2 478	308(12.4)	1 691(68.2)	342(13.8)	137(5.5)	207(8.4)	1 716(69.2)	169(6.8)	386(15.6)	-	-	-	-
	初中	1 875	144(7.7)	1 156(61.7)	309(16.5)	266(14.2)	83(4.4)	964(51.4)	186(9.9)	642(34.2)	538(28.7)	1 072(57.2)	164(8.7)	101(5.4)
	高中	1 704	131(7.7)	1 071(62.9)	290(17.0)	212(12.4)	54(3.2)	878(51.5)	215(12.6)	557(32.7)	282(16.5)	992(58.2)	305(17.9)	125(7.3)
	小计	8 417	823(9.8)	5 523(65.6)	1 186(14.1)	885(10.5)	698(8.3)	5 111(60.7)	714(8.5)	1 894(22.5)	820(22.9)	2 064(57.7)	469(13.1)	226(6.3)
女	一至三	2 084	224(10.7)	1 235(59.3)	322(15.5)	303(14.5)	214(10.3)	1 173(56.3)	375(18.0)	322(15.5)	-	-	-	-
	四至六	2 233	322(14.4)	1 277(57.2)	386(17.3)	248(11.1)	145(6.5)	1 673(74.9)	273(12.2)	142(6.4)	-	-	-	-
	初中	1 714	117(6.8)	1 112(64.9)	223(13.0)	262(15.3)	125(7.3)	1 141(66.6)	301(17.6)	147(8.6)	722(42.1)	783(45.7)	137(8.0)	72(4.2)
	高中	1 628	121(7.4)	1 066(65.5)	243(14.9)	198(12.2)	207(12.7)	1 141(70.1)	212(13.0)	68(4.2)	304(18.7)	994(61.1)	248(15.2)	82(5.0)
	小计	7 659	784(10.2)	4 690(61.2)	1 174(15.3)	1 011(13.2)	691(9.0)	5 128(67.0)	1 161(15.2)	679(8.9)	1 026(30.7)	1 777(53.2)	385(11.5)	154(4.6)
总体	一至三	4 444	464(10.4)	2 840(63.9)	567(12.8)	573(12.9)	568(12.8)	2 726(61.3)	519(11.7)	631(14.2)	-	-	-	-
	四至六	4 711	630(13.4)	2 968(63.0)	728(15.5)	385(8.2)	352(7.5)	3 389(71.9)	442(9.4)	528(11.2)	-	-	-	-
	初中	3 589	261(7.3)	2 268(63.2)	532(14.8)	528(14.7)	208(5.8)	2 105(58.7)	487(13.6)	789(22.0)	1 260(35.1)	1 855(51.7)	301(8.4)	173(4.8)
	高中	3 332	252(7.6)	2 137(64.1)	533(16.0)	410(12.3)	261(7.8)	2 019(60.6)	427(12.8)	625(18.8)	586(17.6)	1 986(59.6)	179(11.2)	207(6.2)
	合计	16 076	1 607(10.0)	10 213(63.5)	2 360(14.7)	1 896(11.8)	1 389(8.6)	10 239(63.7)	1 875(11.7)	2 573(16.0)	1 846(26.7)	3 841(55.5)	854(12.3)	380(5.5)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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