北京市高三学生超重肥胖现况

赵梦曦; 陶丽新; 刘相佟; 康晓平; 张静波; 郭秀花

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.025

北京市高三学生超重肥胖现况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.025

赵梦曦^{1, 2},
陶丽新¹,
刘相佟¹,
康晓平³,
张静波⁴,
郭秀花^1, ,

1.
首都医科大学公共卫生学院/临床流行病学北京市重点实验室，北京 100069
2.
北京市平谷区卫生健康监督所
3.
北京市小汤山医院
4.
北京市体检中心

详细信息

作者简介:
赵梦曦(1990-)，女，北京市人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:
郭秀花，E-mail：guoxiuh@ccmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R723.14 G637.8 R179
计量
- 文章访问数: 447
- HTML全文浏览量: 196
- PDF下载量: 48
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-10
- 修回日期: 2022-04-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Epidemiology of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing

1.
School of Public Health, Capital Medical University/Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing (100069), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2009—2018年北京市高三学生超重、肥胖的流行情况及变化趋势，为卫生及教育部门制定有效的青少年超重、肥胖防治措施提供科学依据。方法选取2009—2018年700 588人北京市高三学生体检数据，描述其超重及肥胖检出率分布特征，分析在不同性别、不同区域中超重肥胖检出率是否存在差异。结果 2009—2018年北京市高三学生的总超重肥胖检出率呈现逐年上升的趋势(Z=3.58，P < 0.01)，在2016年之后上升趋势较为平稳(定基比发展速度为130%)，2018年首次下降。男生超重检出率和肥胖检出率均高于女生(χ²值分别为6 681.34，15 663.08，P值均 < 0.01)。城区学生总超重肥胖检出率(29.55%)高于郊区(27.95%)(χ²=211.43，P < 0.01)；2009—2013年城区学生的肥胖检出率均高于郊区学生；2014—2018年郊区学生肥胖检出率均高于城区学生。超重及肥胖检出率最高的区县均为石景山区(超重：19.06%，肥胖：13.99%)，超重及肥胖检出率最低的区县均为延庆区(超重：13.48%，肥胖：7.18%)。结论 2009—2018年北京市高三学生超重肥胖检出率呈逐年上升趋势，在2016年后趋于平稳；郊区肥胖检出率的上升趋势更为显著。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence and changing trend of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing from 2009 to 2018, and to provide scientific basis for health and education departments to work out effective measures to prevent and control overweight and obesity among adolescents. Methods The physical examination data of 700 588 high school seniors in Beijing from 2009 to 2018 were selected to describe the distribution characteristics of the detection rate of overweight and obesity, and to analyze whether there are differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different genders and regions. Results From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence rate of total overweight and obesity of high school seniors in Beijing showed an increasing trend by year (χ²=3.58, P < 0.01). After 2016, the rising trend was more stable, and it declined for the first time in 2018. The prevalence of overweight (χ²=6 681.34, P < 0.01) and obesity (χ²=15 663.08, P < 0.01) were higher in male than in female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban students was higher than that in suburban students (29.55%, 27.95%;χ²=211.43, P < 0.01), the prevalence of obesity in urban students was higher than that in suburban students from 2009 to 2013, and the prevalence of obesity in suburban students was higher than that in urban students from 2014 to 2018. The districts and counties with the highest detection rates of overweight and obesity are Shijingshan District (overweight: 19.06%, obesity: 13.99%), and the districts and counties with the lowest detection rates of overweight and obesity are Yanqing District (overweight: 13.48%, obesity: 7.18%). Conclusion From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing has been increasing by year, and tends to be stable after 2016. Significant upward trend in obesity prevalence in suburban areas of Beijing has been observed.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Body mass index /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 北京市高三学生超重和肥胖检出率变化趋势相关指标

Table 1. Detection rate and trend of overweight and obesity among senior three students in Beijing

年份	超重			肥胖			合计
年份	检出率/%	环比	定基比	检出率/%	环比	定基比	检出率/%	环比	定基比
2009	15.81	-	1.00	8.69	-	1.00	24.50	-	1.00
2010	16.63	1.05	1.05	9.81	1.13	1.13	26.44	1.08	1.08
2011	16.55	0.99	1.05	10.50	1.07	1.21	27.04	1.02	1.10
2012	17.17	1.04	1.09	10.88	1.04	1.25	28.05	1.04	1.14
2013	17.75	1.03	1.12	11.83	1.09	1.36	29.58	1.05	1.21
2014	17.71	1.00	1.12	12.32	1.04	1.42	30.03	1.02	1.23
2015	17.98	1.01	1.14	13.10	1.06	1.51	31.08	1.03	1.27
2016	18.03	1.00	1.14	13.86	1.06	1.59	31.90	1.03	1.30
2017	17.96	1.00	1.14	14.10	1.02	1.62	32.07	1.01	1.31
2018	17.84	0.99	1.13	13.96	0.99	1.61	31.80	0.99	1.30

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同年份北京市高三学生超重及肥胖检出率性别间比较/%

Table 2. Detection rate and trend of overweight and obesity among senior three students in different sex in Beijing in different years/%

年份	超重			肥胖			超重肥胖
年份	男生	女生	χ²值	男生	女生	χ²值	男生	女生	χ²值
2009	19.59	12.24	976.59	12.50	5.09	1 666.81	32.09	17.34	2 835.64
2010	20.54	13.12	768.33	14.36	5.74	1 621.25	34.90	18.86	2 556.64
2011	20.33	13.15	683.23	15.38	6.12	1 672.49	35.71	19.27	2 508.78
2012	20.84	13.91	600.63	15.78	6.52	1 571.56	36.62	20.43	2 308.98
2013	21.48	14.45	593.27	17.22	7.04	1 746.42	38.70	21.49	2 496.29
2014	21.78	14.01	718.58	17.51	7.59	1 582.85	39.29	21.60	2 585.70
2015	22.17	14.12	725.27	18.80	7.85	1 734.82	40.97	21.97	2 778.31
2016	21.93	14.48	556.45	19.52	8.70	1 454.53	41.45	23.17	2 278.70
2017	21.81	14.43	529.73	19.55	9.11	1 289.87	41.36	23.54	2 089.70
2018	21.68	14.26	553.75	19.52	8.81	1 405.88	41.20	23.07	2 232.66
合计	21.11	16.67	6 681.34	13.72	7.07	15 663.08	37.78	20.79	24 554.26
注： P值均 < 0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同年份北京市高三学生超重及肥胖检出率城乡间比较/%

Table 3. Comparison of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in urban and rural areas in Beijing in different years/%

年份	超重				肥胖				超重肥胖
年份	城区	郊区	χ²值	P值	城区	郊区	χ²值	P值	城区	郊区	χ²值	P值
2009	16.90	14.44	108.36	< 0.01	10.02	7.03	267.11	< 0.01	26.92	21.47	381.64	< 0.01
2010	17.28	15.70	33.96	< 0.01	10.49	8.84	57.82	< 0.01	27.77	24.54	100.98	< 0.01
2011	17.08	15.75	22.80	< 0.01	11.21	9.43	60.06	< 0.01	28.29	25.17	87.28	< 0.01
2012	17.40	16.83	3.87	0.05	11.50	9.98	41.32	< 0.01	28.90	26.81	37.31	< 0.01
2013	17.96	17.47	2.85	0.09	12.19	11.33	12.12	< 0.01	30.15	28.81	15.03	< 0.01
2014	17.60	17.87	0.86	0.35	12.24	12.42	0.47	0.49	29.84	30.29	1.60	0.21
2015	17.88	18.12	0.62	0.43	12.96	13.31	1.76	0.19	30.84	31.43	2.63	0.11
2016	17.98	18.11	0.17	0.68	13.54	14.35	7.88	0.01	31.52	32.46	5.84	0.02
2017	18.38	17.34	10.04	< 0.01	13.88	14.44	3.59	0.05	32.26	31.78	1.42	0.23
2018	17.88	17.77	0.10	0.75	13.16	15.21	49.31	< 0.01	31.04	32.99	24.62	< 0.01
合计	17.58	16.76	81.39	< 0.01	11.96	11.19	98.44	< 0.01	29.55	27.95	211.43	< 0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 北京市不同县区高三学生超重及肥胖检出率2009与2018年间比较

Table 4. Comparison of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in different counties and districts of Beijing in 2009 and 2018

区县	超重			肥胖			超重肥胖
区县	2009年/%	2018年/%	定基比	2009年/%	2018年/%	定基比	2009年/%	2018年/%	定基比
东城区	18.48	19.31	1.04	10.45	15.33	1.47	28.94	34.64	1.20
西城区	16.42	16.76	1.02	9.50	11.28	1.19	25.92	28.04	1.08
石景山区	16.62	19.75	1.19	11.32	15.79	1.39	27.95	35.55	1.27
门头沟区	18.94	17.78	0.94	10.60	14.38	1.36	29.54	32.16	1.09
房山区	16.11	18.21	1.13	7.84	15.32	1.95	23.94	33.53	1.40
怀柔区	12.47	16.59	1.33	7.32	14.70	2.01	19.79	31.28	1.58
海淀区	16.93	17.67	1.04	10.49	12.36	1.18	27.42	30.03	1.10
顺义区	15.37	16.24	1.06	7.40	13.91	1.88	22.77	30.15	1.32
大兴区	15.31	17.12	1.12	8.91	14.66	1.65	24.22	31.78	1.31
密云区	13.87	18.35	1.32	7.57	16.80	2.22	21.44	35.15	1.64
朝阳区	16.21	17.94	1.11	10.10	14.09	1.39	26.31	32.04	1.22
昌平区	15.10	17.99	1.19	7.39	17.07	2.31	22.49	35.06	1.56
丰台区	16.43	17.55	1.07	8.19	13.84	1.69	24.63	31.39	1.27
延庆区	10.90	15.34	1.41	3.96	13.32	3.36	14.87	28.67	1.93
平谷区	11.28	18.71	1.66	3.74	16.09	4.30	15.02	34.80	2.32
通州区	14.54	20.44	1.41	6.38	15.22	2.38	20.92	35.67	1.70

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(13)

[1]	NG M, FLEMING T, ROBINSON M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013[J]. Lancet, 2014, 384(9945): 766-781. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8
[2]	YEN I W, LEE C N, LIN M W, et al. Overweight and obesity are associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(12): e0225978. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225978
[3]	温勃, 刘婕妤, 董彬, 等. 我国儿童青少年健康问题现状调查与分析[J]. 中国卫生信息管理杂志, 2021, 18(1): 21-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGL202101005.htm WEN B, LIU J Y, DONG B, et al. Investigation and analysis on health problems of children and adolescents in China[J]. Chin J Health Inform Manag, 2021, 18(1): 21-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGL202101005.htm
[4]	教育部. 教育部等六部门关于开展2014年全国学生体质与健康调研工作的通知[EB/OL]. (2014-02-20)[2014-02-27]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_946/201402/t20140227_165320.html. Ministry of Education of the PRC. Circular of the Ministry of Education and other six departments on conducting the 2014 national survey on students' Physique and health[EB/OL]. (2014-02-20)[2014-02-27]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_946/201402/t20140227_165320.html.
[5]	国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查: WS/T 586-298[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018. National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC. Screening for overweight and obesity in school-age children and adolescents: WS/T 586-298[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2018.
[6]	朱政. 中国9~17岁儿童青少年身体活动与体质健康的流行病学研究[D]. 上海: 上海体育学院, 2021. ZHU Z. An epidemiological study on physical activity and physical health of children and adolescents aged 9-17 years in China[D], Shanghai: Shanghai University of Sport, 2021.
[7]	严琼, 张喆, 杨东玲, 等. 2009-2018年上海市6~17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖的变化趋势[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 30(1): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202201020.htm YAN Q, ZHANG Z, YANG D L, et al. Trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Shanghai, 2009-2018[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(1): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202201020.htm
[8]	胡楠, 陈池义. 天津某地区12 476名儿童青少年超重及肥胖分析[J]. 中国城乡企业卫生, 2021, 11(11): 74-76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCXW202111028.htm HU N, CHEN C Y. Analysis of overweight and obesity in 12 476 children and adolescents in Tianjin[J]. Chin J Urban Rural Enterpris Hyg, 2021, 11(11): 74-76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCXW202111028.htm
[9]	国家卫生健康委员会. 关于印发儿童青少年肥胖防控实施方案的通知[EB/OL]. (2020-10-24)[2020-12-20]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-10/24/content_5553848.htm. National Health Commission of the PRC. Circular on the issuance of the Implementation Programme for the Prevention and Control of Obesity among Children and Adolescents[EB/OL]. (2020-10-24)[2020-12-20]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-10/24/content_5553848.htm.
[10]	李丽, 王惠君, 欧阳一非, 等. 中国九省儿童青少年2000-2018年营养状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(12): 1789-1792. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.008 LI L, WANG H J, OUYANG Y F, et al. Nutritional status of children and adolescents in nine provinces of China 2000-2018[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(12): 1789-1792. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.008
[11]	白仲菊, 王勇. 甘肃省H区高中学生体质指数比较研究[J]. 运动精品, 2021, 40(11): 78-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YDXS202111039.htm BAI Z J, WANG Y. Comparative study on body mass index of high school students in district of Gansu Province[J]. Sporting Goods, 2021, 40(11): 78-79. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YDXS202111039.htm
[12]	刘熠华, 傅茂笋, 王鲁, 等. 2015年山东省6~18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现况[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(12): 1312-1317. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-343 LIU Y H, FU M S, WANG L, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Shandong Province in 2015[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2018, 26(12): 1312-1317. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2018-343
[13]	穆亚宁, 刘克礼, 汤淑斌, 等. 宝鸡市区7~18岁儿童青少年生长发育及营养状况调查分析[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(6): 680-683. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202006022.htm MU Y N, LIU K L, TANG S B, et al. Investigation and analysis on growth, development and nutritional status of children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Baoji City[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2020, 28(6): 680-683. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202006022.htm