新冠肺炎疫情前后中国大学生抑郁症状检出率及相关因素的Meta分析

翟文海; 张琼; 闫俊

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.023

新冠肺炎疫情前后中国大学生抑郁症状检出率及相关因素的Meta分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.023

三峡大学校医院，湖北宜昌 443002

详细信息

作者简介:
翟文海(1966-)，男，湖北宜昌人，大学本科，副主任技师，主要研究方向为高校医疗保健

通讯作者:
闫俊，E-mail: 289319682@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G647.8 G444 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-04
- 修回日期: 2022-04-17
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Meta-analysis of prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic

School Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang (443002), Hubei Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨新冠肺炎疫情发生前后中国大学生抑郁症状的检出率和相关因素的变化，为心理健康教育及科学管理提供参考依据。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane、CBM、WanFang、CNKI和CIP数据库，收集有关中国大学生抑郁相关因素的文献，以文献调查时间在2020年1月前后判定疫情前后，研究工具限用抑郁自评量表或流调用抑郁量表，运用Stata 15.1软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入疫情前文献26篇，样本量共76 816人，疫情后文献18篇，样本量共102 653人。疫情后大学生抑郁症状检出率高于疫情前(35.7%，30.9%)，15个因素被纳入Meta分析，疫情前大三年级与大学生抑郁症状呈正相关(OR=1.27)；疫情前后大四年级、性格内向、不吃早餐、身体不健康、家庭经济差、单亲家庭、熬夜、睡眠质量差均与大学生抑郁呈正相关(OR值分别为1.44，1.35；1.68，2.01；3.33，3.03；2.21，4.99；1.80，1.89；2.33，1.92；1.53，3.08；2.23，2.97)，高社会支持、体育锻炼均与其呈负相关(OR值分别为0.57，0.55；0.78，0.60)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论新冠肺炎疫情后大学生抑郁症状的检出率较高，性格内向、体育锻炼、身体不健康、睡眠质量差和熬夜对其影响高于疫情前。应针对性加强心理干预和健康教育。
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- Meta分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic and to provide a reference for mental health education and management. Methods Database of PubMed, Cochrane, CBM, WanFang, CNKI and CIP were searched for the studies on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). All the literatures were classified according to the publication time before and after the epidemic around January 2020. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata15.1. Results There were 26 articles before the epidemic, with a total sample size of 76 816 participants, and 18 articles after the epidemic, with a total sample size of 102 653 participants. The detection rate of depressive symptoms in college students after the epidemic was higher than that before the epidemic (35.7%, 30.9%). Fifteen factors were included in the Meta-analysis. There was a positive correlation between being third year in college and college students before the epidemic (OR=1.27). Before and after the epidemic, being fourth year in college, introvert personality, breakfast skipping, physically unhealthy, poor family economy, single parent, staying up late and poor sleep quality were all positively correlated with depression of college students (OR=1.44, 1.35;1.68, 2.01;3.33, 3.03;2.21, 4.99;1.80, 1.89;2.33, 1.92;1.53, 3.08;2.23, 2.97), while high social support and physical exercise were negatively correlated with depression for depressive symptoms in college students(OR=0.57, 0.55;0.78, 0.60)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms among college students after the epidemic is higher. The effect of introversion, physical exercise, physically unhealthy, poor sleep quality and staying up late are higher after pandemic compared than before the epidemic. The targeted mental intervention and health education should be strengthened.
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Meta-analysis /
- Students
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表 1 大学生抑郁症状相关因素Meta分析

Table 1. Meta-analysis related factors of depressive symptoms in college students

因素	比较组	参照组	异质性分析		分组指标	k值	异质性检验		模型选择	合并效应量检验
因素	比较组	参照组	Q值	P值	分组指标	k值	I²值	P值	模型选择	OR值(OR值95%CI)	Z值	P值
年级	大二	大一	0.18	0.67	疫情前	14	64.8	< 0.01	随机	1.01(0.88~1.16)	0.17	0.86
					疫情后	5	81.8	< 0.01	随机	1.09(0.64~1.86)	0.33	0.75
	大三	大一	2.05	0.15	疫情前	14	69.5	< 0.01	随机	1.27(1.09~1.48)	3.07	< 0.01
					疫情后	5	67.2	< 0.01	随机	0.93(0.66~1.30)	0.44	0.66
	大四	大一	0.09	0.77	疫情前	14	78.9	< 0.01	随机	1.44(1.13~1.84)	2.91	< 0.01
					疫情后	6	75.8	< 0.01	随机	1.35(1.11~1.65)	3.01	< 0.01
性格	内向	外向	31.46	< 0.01	疫情前	5	78.6	< 0.01	随机	1.68(1.14~2.45)	2.62	< 0.01
					疫情后	5	93.1	< 0.01	随机	2.01(1.28~3.13)	3.05	< 0.01
早餐情况	不吃	每天吃	0.19	0.66	疫情前	2	0.0	0.92	固定	3.33(2.32~4.77)	6.55	< 0.01
					疫情后	2	0.0	0.47	固定	3.03(2.39~3.84)	9.14	< 0.01
体育锻炼	锻炼	低锻炼	16.12	< 0.01	疫情前	5	87.1	< 0.01	随机	0.78(0.60~0.98)	2.02	0.02
					疫情后	6	85.3	< 0.01	随机	0.60(0.47~0.75)	4.76	< 0.01
身体状况	不健康	健康	176.30	< 0.01	疫情前	4	74.3	0.02	随机	2.21(1.30~3.75)	2.94	< 0.01
					疫情后	3	90.7	< 0.01	随机	4.99(2.77~9.01)	5.35	< 0.01
睡眠质量	差	好	56.14	< 0.01	疫情前	7	90.8	< 0.01	随机	2.23(1.06~4.61)	2.12	0.03
					疫情后	5	0.0	< 0.01	固定	2.97(2.63~3.35)	17.60	< 0.01
熬夜	是	否	11.92	< 0.01	疫情前	4	82.3	< 0.01	随机	1.53(1.11~2.10)	2.63	< 0.01
					疫情后	3	91.5	< 0.01	随机	3.08(2.18~6.12)	2.74	< 0.01
家庭经济	差	好	0.25	0.61	疫情前	18	84.0	< 0.01	随机	1.80(1.47~2.20)	5.73	< 0.01
					疫情后	5	87.1	< 0.01	随机	1.89(1.15~3.09)	2.51	0.01
家庭形式	单亲	完整	0.37	0.54	疫情前	10	95.1	< 0.01	随机	2.33(1.41~3.71)	3.36	< 0.01
					疫情后	4	82.2	0.02	随机	1.92(1.12~3.23)	2.12	0.04
社会支持	高	低	0.20	0.65	疫情前	2	83.3	< 0.01	随机	0.57(0.40~0.81)	3.22	< 0.01
					疫情后	2	0.0	0.86	固定	0.55(0.45~0.67)	5.95	< 0.01
性别	女	男	3.29	0.06	疫情前	25	77.2	< 0.01	随机	0.99(0.91~1.10)	0.08	0.93
					疫情后	16	86.0	< 0.01	随机	0.96(0.82~1.11)	0.60	0.55
独生子女	是	非	1.58	0.21	疫情前	15	76.4	< 0.01	随机	1.17(0.99~1.40)	1.79	0.07
					疫情后	6	34.4	0.19	固定	0.95(0.84~1.08)	0.91	0.36
医学生	是	非	82.81	< 0.01	疫情前	6	80.3	< 0.01	随机	0.82(0.67~1.01)	1.88	0.06
					疫情后	7	96.0	< 0.01	随机	1.07(0.78~1.46)	0.43	0.67
民族	汉族	其他	78.62	< 0.01	疫情前	5	87.3	< 0.01	随机	0.88(0.53~1.46)	0.51	0.62
					疫情后	3	96.6	< 0.01	随机	0.71(0.40~1.26)	1.16	0.25
生源地	农村	城市	4.51	0.03	疫情前	14	64.5	< 0.01	随机	1.13(0.99~1.14)	1.64	0.10
					疫情后	12	71.0	< 0.01	随机	1.03(0.95~1.11)	0.66	0.51

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表 2 大学生抑郁症状的影响因素敏感性分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)]

Table 2. The sensitivity analysis on influencing factors of depressive symptoms in college students[OR(OR 95%CI)]

因素	疫情前		疫情后
因素	随机效应模型	固定效应模型	随机效应模型	固定效应模型
大三年级	1.23(1.13~1.28)	1.27(1.09~1.48)
大四年级	1.25(1.13~1.38)	1.44(1.13~1.84)	1.26(1.13~1.32)	1.35(1.11~1.65)
性格内向	1.75(1.58~1.93)	1.68(1.14~2.45)	1.20(1.11~1.30)	2.01(1.28~3.13)
不吃早餐	3.33(2.32~4.77)	3.33(2.32~4.77)	3.03(2.39~3.84)	3.03(2.39~3.84)
体育锻炼	0.87(0.73~0.95)	0.78(0.60~0.98)	0.72(0.67~0.76)	0.60(0.47~0.75)
身体不健康	1.99(1.63~2.43)	2.21(1.30~3.75)	6.46(5.83~7.12)	4.99(2.77~9.01)
睡眠质量差	1.53(1.36~1.73)	2.23(1.06~4.61)	2.97(2.63~3.35)	2.97(2.63~3.35)
熬夜	2.82(2.31~3.54)	1.53(1.11~2.10)	4.38(3.11~6.97)	3.08(2.18~6.12)
家庭经济差	1.60(1.50~1.68)	1.80(1.47~2.20)	1.53(1.30~1.80)	1.89(1.15~3.09)
单亲家庭	1.61(1.45~1.79)	2.33(1.41~3.71)	1.46(1.08~1.96)	1.92(1.12~3.23)
高社会支持	0.52(0.47~0.58)	0.57(0.40~0.81)	0.55(0.45~0.67)	0.55(0.45~0.67)
注： P值均 < 0.05。

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